摩擦式矿井提升机关键旋转体动态特性研究
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摘要
关键旋转体（主轴、卷筒、天轮）是摩擦式矿井提升机传递动力和承受载荷的枢纽构件，其动态特性与提升机的健康状态密切相关。当主轴处于弯曲、不平衡、关联组件松动、主轴滚动轴承缺陷等故障状态时，主轴会产生异常振动能量和频率。通过对主轴振动特性进行研究，可以诊断主轴的工作状态。卷筒应力主要包括提升容器载荷通过钢丝绳施加到筒壳上的压力和电动机扭矩通过主轴作用在辐板上的剪切力，通过对卷筒应力特性进行研究，可以有效监测提升机的载荷变化。天轮转动角度与提升钢丝绳过绳量有着良好的线性关系，与卷筒转动角度进行对比分析，可以对摩擦提升机打滑工况进行监测。因此，本文在国家863计划：矿井提升机恶性事故智能诊断技术、国家自然科学基金项目：基于传感网的超深立井提升系统健康监测方法的资助下，以摩擦提升机关键旋转体（主轴、卷筒、天轮）为研究对象，以提升机的可靠状态监测为研究目标，开展主轴振动、卷筒应力和天轮转动等动态特性研究，并针对主轴轴承座振动加速度、卷筒辐板应力、天轮转动角度等核心动态参数的检测进行了分析和研究。研究成果将为摩擦提升机主轴故障诊断、异常提升载荷预警、打滑监测等提供理论支持和技术手段，提高矿井提升机状态监测的可靠性。
首先，本文分析了主轴弯曲、失衡、关联组件松动、滚动轴承故障等工况下主轴振动频谱的特点，着重讨论了摩擦提升机启动加速过程的振动特性分析，开展了基于能量增长率的主轴振动能量和基于多转速倍频相关分析的主轴振动频率研究，并以主轴滚动轴承故障诊断和混叠频谱解耦验证了能量增长率和多转速倍频相关分析可应用于主轴振动特性分析。
其次，分析了摩擦提升机卷筒承受的径向力和切向力的特点；基于卷筒辐板应力参数和提升载荷参数，结合RBF神经网络，建立了卷筒辐板应力与提升载荷的关联模型，并依据关联模型建立了基于卷筒辐板应力的异常提升载荷预警模型。
再次，为避免固定轮与游动轮转动不同步的恶性工况发生，基于固定轮和游动轮转动角度单独检测的需要，设计了一种新型的天轮转动角度检测装置；建立了基于天轮转动角度的摩擦提升机打滑状态监测模型，对提升机正常滑动、事故打滑、固定轮与游动轮转动不同步进行监测。
最后，对主轴轴承座振动加速度、天轮转动角度的检测进行了分析；针对卷筒辐板应力检测的需求，提出了旋转体多点无线应力采集方法；基于无线传感网络、虚拟仪器和网络共享技术，研制了矿井提升机卷筒辐板应力检测系统，实现了对辐板应力的无线采集、本地监测以及远程共享，并通过试验验证了正确性。
The key rotators (main shaft, drum and sheave wheel) are the hub of the frictionmine hoist. Their dynamic characteristics are closely related to the healthy state of themine hoist. When the shaft is bent or unbalance, the associated component get looseand the rolling bearing fails, abnormal vibration energy and frequency of main shaftwill come into being. Therefore, the state of the main shaft can be diagnosed bystudies into the vibration characteristics. The drum stress mainly contains pressure onthe shell from the hoisting conveyance through wire ropes and the shear force on thespoke plate from the electromotor torque through main shaft. The drum stresscharacteristics can be effectively used to monitor the load of the mine hoist. Thesheave rotation angle is well linearly related to the passing length of the wire rope andhence can be used to detect the slipping. The thesis is supported by the NationalHigh-tech Research and Development Projects “Intelligent Diagnosis of MalignantAccident of Mine Hoist”, National Natural Science Foundation of China “HealthyMonitoring of Super Deep Vertical Shaft Hoist System based on WSN”. The keyrotators (main shaft, drum and sheave wheel) of the friction mine hoist is studied withthe reliable condition monitoring of the hoist as the target. The studies on the dynamiccharactoristics of the main shaft vibration, the drum spoke plate stress and the sheavewheel rotation are carried out. The key dynamic parameters of the vibrationacceleration of the main shaft bearing housing, the drum spoke plate stress and therotation angle of the sheave wheel are analyzed. Research results will provide theorytheoretical support and technological means for the fault diagnosis of the main shaftof the friction mine hoist, warning of the abnormal lifting load and monitoring of theslipping, which can and improve the reliability of mine hoist monitoring.
First, the vibration spectrum of the main shaft under the bending or unbalance ofthe main shaft, loose of the associated component and faults in the rolling bearings areanslysed and the vibration characteristics of the friction hoist during run-up areemphasized. The vibration frequencies of the main shaft are studied based on theenergy growth rate of the vibration energy and the correlation of the multispeedmultiple frequency. Besides, diagnosis of the rolling bearing faults and decoupling ofthe aliased spectrum verify that energy growth rate and multispeed multiple frequencycorrelation can be applied to the main shaft vibration analysis.
Second, the properties of the radial and tangential forces for the drum of thefriction mine hoist are analyzed. Based on the stress and lifting load parameters of thespoke plate for the drum and combining the RBF neural network, the correlationmodel between the stress of the drum spoke plate and the lifting load is establishedand based on the correlation model, the warning model of the abnormal lifting load isbuilt.
Third, considering the rotation angles of the fixed wheel and the floating wheelsshould be detected respectively, a new detection device of rotation angle for thesheave wheel is designed to avoid being out of sync of the fixed wheel and thefloating wheels. A model of the slipping state for the friction mine hoist based on thesheave wheel rotation angle is built to monitor the normal slippling, serious slippingand discordance of the fixed wheel and the floating wheels.
Finally, detections of the vibration acceleration of the bearing housing for themain shaft and the rotation angle of the drum are analyzed. The rotator’s multi-pointwireless stress collection method is proposed for the needs of the stress detection forthe spoke plate. Based on the wireless sensor network, virtual instruments andnetwork sharing, we developed the spoke plate stress detection system of the drumwhich achieves wireless collection, local monitoring and remote sharing and isverified to be feasible and reliable by field testing.
首先，本文分析了主轴弯曲、失衡、关联组件松动、滚动轴承故障等工况下主轴振动频谱的特点，着重讨论了摩擦提升机启动加速过程的振动特性分析，开展了基于能量增长率的主轴振动能量和基于多转速倍频相关分析的主轴振动频率研究，并以主轴滚动轴承故障诊断和混叠频谱解耦验证了能量增长率和多转速倍频相关分析可应用于主轴振动特性分析。
其次，分析了摩擦提升机卷筒承受的径向力和切向力的特点；基于卷筒辐板应力参数和提升载荷参数，结合RBF神经网络，建立了卷筒辐板应力与提升载荷的关联模型，并依据关联模型建立了基于卷筒辐板应力的异常提升载荷预警模型。
再次，为避免固定轮与游动轮转动不同步的恶性工况发生，基于固定轮和游动轮转动角度单独检测的需要，设计了一种新型的天轮转动角度检测装置；建立了基于天轮转动角度的摩擦提升机打滑状态监测模型，对提升机正常滑动、事故打滑、固定轮与游动轮转动不同步进行监测。
最后，对主轴轴承座振动加速度、天轮转动角度的检测进行了分析；针对卷筒辐板应力检测的需求，提出了旋转体多点无线应力采集方法；基于无线传感网络、虚拟仪器和网络共享技术，研制了矿井提升机卷筒辐板应力检测系统，实现了对辐板应力的无线采集、本地监测以及远程共享，并通过试验验证了正确性。
The key rotators (main shaft, drum and sheave wheel) are the hub of the frictionmine hoist. Their dynamic characteristics are closely related to the healthy state of themine hoist. When the shaft is bent or unbalance, the associated component get looseand the rolling bearing fails, abnormal vibration energy and frequency of main shaftwill come into being. Therefore, the state of the main shaft can be diagnosed bystudies into the vibration characteristics. The drum stress mainly contains pressure onthe shell from the hoisting conveyance through wire ropes and the shear force on thespoke plate from the electromotor torque through main shaft. The drum stresscharacteristics can be effectively used to monitor the load of the mine hoist. Thesheave rotation angle is well linearly related to the passing length of the wire rope andhence can be used to detect the slipping. The thesis is supported by the NationalHigh-tech Research and Development Projects “Intelligent Diagnosis of MalignantAccident of Mine Hoist”, National Natural Science Foundation of China “HealthyMonitoring of Super Deep Vertical Shaft Hoist System based on WSN”. The keyrotators (main shaft, drum and sheave wheel) of the friction mine hoist is studied withthe reliable condition monitoring of the hoist as the target. The studies on the dynamiccharactoristics of the main shaft vibration, the drum spoke plate stress and the sheavewheel rotation are carried out. The key dynamic parameters of the vibrationacceleration of the main shaft bearing housing, the drum spoke plate stress and therotation angle of the sheave wheel are analyzed. Research results will provide theorytheoretical support and technological means for the fault diagnosis of the main shaftof the friction mine hoist, warning of the abnormal lifting load and monitoring of theslipping, which can and improve the reliability of mine hoist monitoring.
First, the vibration spectrum of the main shaft under the bending or unbalance ofthe main shaft, loose of the associated component and faults in the rolling bearings areanslysed and the vibration characteristics of the friction hoist during run-up areemphasized. The vibration frequencies of the main shaft are studied based on theenergy growth rate of the vibration energy and the correlation of the multispeedmultiple frequency. Besides, diagnosis of the rolling bearing faults and decoupling ofthe aliased spectrum verify that energy growth rate and multispeed multiple frequencycorrelation can be applied to the main shaft vibration analysis.
Second, the properties of the radial and tangential forces for the drum of thefriction mine hoist are analyzed. Based on the stress and lifting load parameters of thespoke plate for the drum and combining the RBF neural network, the correlationmodel between the stress of the drum spoke plate and the lifting load is establishedand based on the correlation model, the warning model of the abnormal lifting load isbuilt.
Third, considering the rotation angles of the fixed wheel and the floating wheelsshould be detected respectively, a new detection device of rotation angle for thesheave wheel is designed to avoid being out of sync of the fixed wheel and thefloating wheels. A model of the slipping state for the friction mine hoist based on thesheave wheel rotation angle is built to monitor the normal slippling, serious slippingand discordance of the fixed wheel and the floating wheels.
Finally, detections of the vibration acceleration of the bearing housing for themain shaft and the rotation angle of the drum are analyzed. The rotator’s multi-pointwireless stress collection method is proposed for the needs of the stress detection forthe spoke plate. Based on the wireless sensor network, virtual instruments andnetwork sharing, we developed the spoke plate stress detection system of the drumwhich achieves wireless collection, local monitoring and remote sharing and isverified to be feasible and reliable by field testing.
引文
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