净月潭国家森林公园大型真菌多样性研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本文对长春净月潭国家森林公园大型真菌的物种多样性、区系多样性与森林植被和季节的相关性进行了系统研究。
     物种多样性研究,共获得大型真菌标本600余份,共计241种,隶属于117属54科17目2纲。包括担子菌门12目43科100属209种,子囊菌门1纲5目11科17属32种,其中吉林省内新记录种28个,中国新记录种4个。并按照《Dictionary of The Fungi》第九版(2001)系统对物种名录进行编目。所有凭证标本都保藏在吉林农业大学菌物所标本馆(HMJAU)。
     区系多样性研究结果表明,净月潭国家森林公园的大型真菌区系成分十分丰富,具有10个种以上的科有6个,含101种,占净月潭国家森林公园大型真菌总数的41.9%,科的数目只占总科数的11.11%。含有5个种以上的属有10个属,共计65种,占总种数的26.97%,而属的数目占总属的8.55%。此10个属中世界分布属有5个,其余5属为北温带分布属。从种的组成上看,世界广布种74个,占总种数的30.7%;北温带分布种有108个,占总种数的44.81%;除此之外还有东亚-北美间断分布种20个,占总数的8.29%;欧亚大陆分布种12种,占总数的4.97%;北温带-澳大利亚分布种11种,占总种数的4.56%;热东亚(热带、亚热带)及热带南美间断分布种5个,占总种数的2.07%。说明净月潭国家森林公园大型真菌区系表现出明显的北温带区系特征。
     大型真菌多样性与森林群落和季节的相关性研究,主要从多样性与森林植被和季节变化两方面进行。根据净月潭植物群落的不同将净月潭划分成蒙古栎林(Ⅰ)、樟子松林(Ⅱ)、落叶松林(Ⅲ)、杂木林(Ⅳ)等4个植物群落,4种植物群落中的大型真菌多样性差异表现在:(1)共有种数占植物群落Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ中大型真菌总数的比例分别为8.76%、14.29%、24.49%和22.22%,说明4种植物群落中的大型真菌多样性表现有差异,这与这4种植物群落中的植被分布差异较大相符。通过2004年调查发现,一年中大型真菌发生量出现两次高峰期,一次为5月上旬至6月上旬,另外一次出现在7月中旬至9月下旬,尤以9月上旬大型真菌子实体发生量较为突出,而且大型真菌种类最为丰富,该时期外生菌根菌如日本粉褶菌、白磷马勃、紫皮丽蘑、紫丁香蘑、尖嘴地星等的发生量明显加大。而到10月上旬大型真菌的发生量和丰富程度急剧下降,这时只有个别低温类型种类零星的发生,如巴西银耳,毛头鬼伞,侧耳和坚牢盘革菌等。在十月下旬冬菇和侧耳这两种大型真菌在研究地还可以看到新鲜的子实体。
Species diversity, flora diversity and relation between season and forest vegetation in the Jingyuetan forestry park were studied systematically in this paper.
    More than 600 specimens were collected, and 241 species were identified. According to morphological classification, 241 species belong to 117 genera 54 families 28 orders 2 classes. Among them: 209 species from 12 orders, 43 families, 100 genera belong to Basidiomycota; 32 species from 1 classes, 5 orders, 11 families 17 genera belong to Ascomycota. There are 4 new species to china, and 189 new species to Jilin Province. The diversity catalogue of these 241 species was arranged according to Dictionary of Fungi (2001, 9~(th)), and the voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of the Mycological Institute, Jilin Agricultural University (HMJAU).
    The result of the flora diversity study indicated that there are rich fungi floras in the Jingyuetan National Forestry Park. 6 families which contain more than 10 species contain 101 species, occupied 41.9% total number of macorfungi in the Jingyuetan National Forestry Park and occupied 11.11% total family number. 10 genus which contain more than 5 species, 65 species in all, and occuped 26.97% total species number, 8.55% in the total genus number. In this 10 genus, contain 5 cosmopolitan, other 5 genus are North-temperature zone disperation. Regarding the species composition: 74 comopolitans occupied 30.7% total species number, 108 North-temperate zone species, occupied 44.81% total species number. And 20 Eastern Asia-North America species occupied 8.29% in the total number. 12 Eur-asian species occupied 4.56%. 5 Eastern-tropical (tropical, subtropical) and tropical South America species, occupied 2.07% total number. All this suggests that Jingyuetan National Forestry Park display obvious temperate characteristics.
    Studies on the relation of the fungal diversity and forest community and season were mainly discussed in diversity and forest vegetation. Vegetation of Jingyuetan was classified into oak forest ( I ), pine forest ( II ), Larix gmelinii Forests (III), Mixed-tree forest (IV ). The macrofungi diversity in this 4 vegetation show that: (1) the proportion of common genera in total number of macrofungi in the I , II, III and IV are 8.76%, 14.29%,24.49%,and 22.22%, indicate that there are difference of the macrofungi diversity in the plant vegetation diversity in 4 kinds of vegetation, coinherence with the plant vegetation diversity in the 4 kinds of vegetation. Investigation in 2004 indicated that there are two peak times of occurrence of macrofungi in a year. One was during the first ten days in May to the first ten day in June, another is fromwas during the middle ten days in July to the last ten days in September.
引文
[1].马克平.论生物多样性的概念[J].生物多样,1993,1(1):20-22.
    [2].孙儒泳.生物多样性保育研究[J].世界科技研究与发展,1999,2:19~23.
    [3].赵士洞,郝占庆.从“DIVERSITAS计划新方案”看生物多样性研究的发展趋势[J].生物多样性,1996,4(3):125~129.
    [4].魏江春.菌物多样性、系统多样性及其对人类发展的意义[J].生物多样性,1993,1(1):23~25.
    [5].邢来君,李明春,普通真菌学[M].高等教育出版社,1999,434.
    [6]. Wilkins W. H., Ellis E. M. et. al. The ecology of larger fungi. I Constancy and frequency of fungal species in relation to certain vegetation communities, particularly oak and beech[J]. Ann. appl. Boil. 1937, 24: 703.
    [7]. Wilkins W. H., Harris G. C. et. al. The ecology of larger fungi. V. A investigation into the influence of rainfall and temperature on the seasonal production of fungi in a beechwood and pinewood[J]. Ann. appl. Boil. 1946, 33: 179.
    [8]. Wu Quixin., Mueller, Gregory M. et al. Biogeographic relationships between the macrofungi of temperate eastern Asia and eastern North America[J]. Canadian Journal of Botany, 1997, 75(12): 2108.
    [9]. William b. Cooke. The ecology of fungi[M]. CRC Press, Inc 1979.
    [10]. Gardes. M. and Bruns T. D. et al. Community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a pinus muricata forest:above-and-below-ground views[J]. Can. J. bot. 1996, 74: 1572~1583.
    [11]. Guevara R., Dirzo R. et al. A rapid method for the assessment of the macromycota. The fungal community of an evergreen cloud foest as an example[J]. Can. J. Bot. 1998, 76(4): 596~599.
    [12]. North M., Trappe J. et al. Standing crop and animal consumption of fungal sporocarps in Pacific Northwest forests Malcolm North[J]. Ecology, 1997, 78(5): 1543~1548
    [13]. Byrd K. B., Paker V. T. et al. The influence of clear-cutting on ectomycorrhizal fungus diversity in a lodge pine(Pinus contora) stand, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, and Gallatin National Forest, Montana[J]. Can. J. Bot, 2000, 78: 149~156.
    [14]. Straatsma G, Francois A. et al. Species richness, abundance, an phenology of fungal fruit bodies over 21 years in a Swiss forest plot[J]. Mycol. Res. 2001, 105(5):515~523.
    [15]. Packham J. M., May T. W., et al. Macrofungal diversity and community ecology in mature and regrowth wet eucalypt forest in Tasmania: A multivariate study[J]. Austral Ecology, 2002, 27(2): 149.
    [16]. Harrington T. J. Relationships between macrofungi and vegetation in the burren[J]. Biology and Enviroment.. 2003, 103B(3): 147~159.
    [17]. Rubino D. L., McCarthy B. C. et al. Composition and ecology ofmacrofungal and myxomycete communities on oak woody debris in a mixed-oak forest of Ohio[J]. Can. J. For. Res. Rev. Can. Rech. For. 2003, 33(11): 2151~2163.
    [18].刘培贵,王向华,于富贵,郑焕娣,陈娟.中国大型高等真菌生物多样性的关键类群[J].云南植物研究,2003,25(3):285~296.
    [19].庄剑云.菌物的种类多样性[M].生物多样性,1994,2(2):108~112.
    [20].梁宗琦.虫生真菌的多样性研究[J].生物多样性,1996,4(04):235~241.
    [21].李文鹏,曹玉文.西双版纳勐仑山地小型真菌生物多样性研究[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,1996,18(2):185~189.
    [22].黄永青,邵力平,马俊莹.树栖真菌群落多样性研究Ⅰ[M].菌物系统,1997,16(3):182~188.
    [23].邹方伦,钟金霞.贵州宽阔水自然保护区多孔菌种类及其生态研究[J].贵州科学,1998,16(3):221~225.
    [24].吴跃开,李黔英.云南铜壁关自然保护区高等植物真菌初步调查报告[J].贵州林业科技,1999,27(3):30~35.
    [25].图力古尔,李玉.大青沟自然保护区大型真菌物种多样性研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,1999,21(3):36~45.
    [26].图力古尔,李玉.大青沟自然保护区大型真菌区系多样性研究[J].生物多样性,2000,8(1):73~80.
    [27].图力古尔,李玉.大青沟自然保护区大型真菌群落多样性研究[J].生态学报,2000,20(6):73~80.
    [28].图力古尔,朝克图.大青沟自然保护区大型真菌对沙地环境的适应与气候条件的相关性[J].干旱区研究, 2001,8(1):73~80.
    [29].图力古尔.吉林省担子菌补记(一)[J].吉林农业大学学报,2000,22(2):47~50.
    [30].图力古尔,李玉.吉林省担子菌补记(二)[J].吉林农业大学学报,2000,22(3):43~46.
    [31].图力古尔,包海鹰,李玉等.吉林省担子菌补记(三)[J].吉林农业大学学报,2001.23(4):37~40.
    [32].图力古尔,李玉.吉林省担子菌补记(四)[J].吉林农业大学学报,2003,25(1):41~44.
    [33].图力古尔,王呈玉,李玉.吉林省担子菌补记(五)[J].菌物研究,2003,1(1):13~16.
    [34].王建瑞,图力古尔.吉林省担子菌补记(六)[J].菌物研究,2004,2(4):40~43.
    [35].袁秀英,王计.乌兰布和沙漠固沙树木真菌群落多样性研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2002,23(5):5~8.
    [36].柯丽霞,杨超.安徽清凉峰自然保护区大型真菌的生态分布[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(10):1739~1742.
    [37].王四宝,黄勇平,樊美珍,李增智.安徽大别山区虫生真菌区系的物种多样性研究[J].生物多样性,2003,11(6):475~479.
    [38].庄文颖.中国热带粒毛盘菌属的物种多样性研究[J].生物多样性,2003,11(2):141~146.
    [39].吴兴亮,姜山,邹方伦,钟金霞,连宾.贵州非褶菌物资源生态及其地理分布[J].贵州科学,2003,21(1):87~92.
    [40].李文英,贺运春,王建明,张作刚.山西省虫生真菌生态多样性研究[J].生物多样性,2003,11(1):53~58.
    [41]. Bau Tolgor, Le Yang and Yu Li. Floristics and ecology of Myxomycetes in China 1. Atentative list of known species. Fungal Science, 2003, 18(3, 4): 85~107.
    [42]. Bau Tolgor, Le Yang and Yu Li. Floristics and ecology of Myxomycetes in China 2. Atentative list of known species. Fungal Science, 2003, 18(3, 4): 109~117.
    [43].贺新生.中国自然保护区大型真菌生物多样性研究进展[J].中国食用菌,2004,23(5):3~5.
    [44].图力古尔,戴玉成.长白山主要食药用木腐真菌多样性及其保育[J].菌物研究,2004,2(2):26~30.
    [45].杨乐,图力古尔,李玉.长白山区黏菌物种多样性编目[J].菌物研究,2004,2(3):18~24.
    [46].杨乐,图力古尔,李玉.长白山黏菌区系多样性研究[J].菌物研究,2004,2(4):31~34.
    [47].图力古尔.吉林省高等子囊菌物种多样性[J].菌物研究,2005,3(1):1~6.
    [48].图力古尔,杨乐,李玉.长白山红松阔叶林黏菌生态多样性[J].生态学报,2005,25(12):3133~3140.
    [49].今関六也,大谷吉雄,本鄉次雄.日本[M].日本:山溪谷社,1995.
    [50].图力古尔.大青沟自然保护区菌物多样性[M].呼和浩特市:内蒙古教育出版社,2004,1-188.
    [51].今関六也,本鄉次雄.原色日本新菌類圖鑒(Ⅱ)[M].日本:保育社,1995,1~315.
    [52].庄文颖.中国真菌志 (第八卷 核盘菌科 地舌菌科)[M].北京:科学出版社,1998,27.
    [53]. Zhang W Y. A lin of Discomycentes in China[J]. Mycotaxon, 1998, 67: 375~381.
    [54].李玉,图力古尔.中国长白山蘑菇[M].科学出版社,2003,1~162.
    [55].刘波.中国真菌志(第二卷 银耳目和花耳目)[M].北京:科技出版社,1992,151.
    [56].今関六也,本鄉次雄.原色日本新菌類圖鑒(Ⅰ)[M].日本:保育社,.1995,1~315.
    [57].谢支锡,王云,王柏.长白山伞菌志[M],吉林科学技术出版社,1986,1~288.
    [58].图力古尔,田恩静.中国鳞伞属分类学研究[J].菌物研究,2005,3(3):1~40.
    [59].吴兴亮,臧穆.灵芝及其他真菌彩色图志[M].1997,1~347.
    [60]. Roger Phillips. Mushrooms and other fungi of Great Britain & Europe[M]. A Pan Original, 1986, 29.
    [61].卯晓岚.中国大型真菌[M].河南科学技术出版社,2000,1~719.
    [62].卯晓岚.中国经济真菌[M].北京:科学出版社,1998,1~761.
    [63].张东柱,周文能,王也珍,朱宇敏.台湾大型真菌[M].台湾院农业委员会出版,2000.1~361.
    [64].邓叔群.中国的真菌[M].科学出版社,1963,1~808.
    [65].张树庭,卯晓岚.香港蕈菌[M].香港:中文大学出版社,1995,1~470.
    [66].袁明生,孙佩琼.四川蕈菌[M].成都:科学技术出版社,1995,1~556
    [67]. Li Tai hui, Liu Bo, Song, Shen Yah eng. Clthraceae and Phllaceae from China[J]. Mycosystema, 2003, 22(Supp.): 42~45.
    [68].李茹光.东北地区大型经济真菌[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,1998,1~154.
    [69].小五台山菌物科学考察队.河北小五台山菌物[M].中国农业出版社,1997,1~256.
    [70].潘学仁.小兴安岭大型真菌志[M].东北林业大学出版社,1995,1~258.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700