摘要
直扩(DS)信号及直扩码分多址(DS/CDMA)信号的估计方法研究是宽带微弱信号检测与估计以及通信对抗领域的一个重要研究课题。近30多年来,已发展了诸多的DS信号估计方法。这些估计方法大都基于常规信号检测与估计理论,但DS信号是宽带微弱信号,其并不符合常规的信号处理理论,因此当观察信号的信噪比较低时,这些估计方法的估计性能恶化,甚至得不到正确的估计结果。虽然DS信号在军事和民用中应用较为广泛,但直到80年代初,有关研究人员才明确地开始对DS信号的估计进行研究。从当前的研究发展状况来看,DS及DS/CDMA信号的估计方法研究进展缓慢,概念性的研究较为多见,而具体估计方法的研究还远不够全面、成熟。考虑到在未知信号伪码(PN码)序列的情况下对DS及DS/CDMA信号进行估计的挑战性,有必要对DS及DS/CDMA信号的估计做进一步的研究,以获得有效的DS及DS/CDMA信号的估计方法。
读博期间,作者围绕DS及DS/CDMA信号的估计方法展开研究。本文的主要工作是在先验知识未知的情况下,先对DS及DS/CDMA信号的参数进行估计,并在已获知信号参数的情况下,再对信号的PN码序列进行估计。本文提出了用于信号参数估计的功率谱二次处理算法、谱相关算法和时域相关算法,提出了能用于信号信息码与PN码同步起止时刻、PN码序列估计的矩阵分解算法和神经网络(N.N.)算法等等。在提出算法的同时,还考虑了如何增强算法的性能,因此贯穿本文的另一条主线是研究如何提高算法压制噪声的性能以适应实际的情况。
本文的主要工作和创新之处包括:
(1)对DS及DS/CDMA信号模型进行了研究,指出了基带DS及DS/CDMA信号的估计可以分为参数估计(PN码周期、PN码片宽度以及信息码与PN码同步的起止时刻的估计)和波形估计(PN码序列的估计)。
(2)在对DS及DS/CDMA信号功率谱研究的基础上,提出了一种用于估计该类信号PN码周期的功率谱二次处理算法,该算法具有结构简单、快速,并容易作到较低的信噪比容限等优点。
(3)在对DS及同步DS/CDMA信号周期谱(谱相关)研究的基础上,论证了应用DS信号的周期谱(谱相关)可以得到该信号PN码片宽度的估计,提出了一种用于估计同步DS/CDMA信号PN码片宽度的谱相关算法,并作到了较低的信噪比容限。
(4)综合了DS及DS/CDMA信号处理的时域相关方法,表明了通过改变时域相关函数的时延可以同时作出对DS及DS/CDMA信号PN码周期和DS及同步DS/CDMA信号PN码片宽度的估计,提出了用于估计DS/CDMA信号PN码周期的时域相关算法(当相关时延较大可以和PN码周期比拟时),还提出了用于估计同步DS/CDMA信号PN码片宽度的时域相关算法(当相关时延较小可以和PN码片宽度比拟时)。
(5)针对DS及DS/CDMA信号PN码序列估计的问题,提出了用于信号PN码序列估计的数据矩阵和相关矩阵的奇异值分解算法以及相关矩阵的特征分解算法。相关矩阵的奇异值分解算法是按任意确定的随机起点,以PN码周期对信号进行分段以形成数据向量观察集,用累加平均的信号相关矩阵奇异值分解的算法来估计出信号的PN码序列。我们证明了在对信号相关矩阵实施奇异值分解时,由最大和次大奇异值对应
的左奇异向量形成的序列是能完整地恢复出信号的PN码序列的。该相关矩阵的奇异值分解算法在用于估计DS及DS/CDMA信号PN码序列时可以获得较低的信噪比容限。
(6)受DS及DS/CDMA信号主动解扩思想的启发,在PN码序列估计的矩阵分解算法基础上,提出了用于DS及DS/CDMA信号PN码序列估计的神经网络算法,同时证明了矩阵的主分量分析和特征分析的等价性。对已知信息码与PN码同步起止时刻的DS信号,提出了用于信号PN码估计的无监督主分量提取神经网络算法,并且证明了它的收敛性。对未知信息码与PN码同步起止时刻的DS及DS/CDMA信号,提出了用于信号PN码序列估计的冗余去除的无监督多主分量提取神经网络算法。
(7)针对如何使估计算法适应更低信噪比的观察信号和提高计算输出的信噪比问题,本文提出了多通道分集和线性累加平均相结合的方法。进一步,还提出了将本文所提算法用于DS及DS/CDMA信号估计的多个系统化框图。
与现有的其它DS及DS/CDMA信号估计方法相比,上述信号估计方法的优点在于无须知道观察信号的PN码序列,与信号PN码序列的线性复杂度无关,在估计到了信号的PN码序列以后,可以用和主动解扩一样的方法对观察信号进行解扩处理,从而最终实现对DS及DS/CDMA信号的盲解扩。而且上述的这些估计方法优缺点互为补充,仿真实验表明,总体上这些方法可以作到较低的信噪比容限。
The problem of estimating direct sequence spread spectrum (DS) signals and direct sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) signals direct from the received signals has been of great research interest with the development of the field of wide-band weak signal processing and the field of communication antagonism. For the last several decades, a class of DS&DS/CDMA signal estimation methods has been developed. The methods are almost based upon the theory of conventional signal detection and estimation. However the DS&DS/CDMA signals are wide-band weak signals, they aren't in conformity with the theory of conventional signal processing, so when the signal to noise ratios of the received signals becomes lower, the performance of the methods take a turn for the worse, the methods don't work. Though DS&DS/CDMA signals are widely used in military and civil, until recently study on the DS&DS/CDMA signal estimation appeared in the literature. Presently, the development of DS&DS/CDMA signal estimation is very slow, it is almost in study of conception and the study of concrete method is far from comprehensive and mature. Due to the challenge of DS&DS/CDMA signal estimation without knowledge of the pseudo-noise (PN) sequence, the study of DS&DS/CDMA signal estimation is necessary, so that we can obtain efficient method of DS&DS/CDMA signal estimation.
The main contributions of this dissertation include two aspects. One is parameter estimation of the DS&DS/CDMA signal, include period estimation and chip interval estimation of the PN sequence etc., the other is PN sequence estimation of the DS&DS/CDMA signals.
Several valuable and important results which bring forth new ideas are achieved and listed as follows:
1、 Based upon the study of models of the DS&DS/CDMA signals, we obtain the parameters of base-band DS&DS/CDMA signals for estimation are as follows: the period and the chip interval of PN sequence, the moment of de-synchronization between observation window and symbols. Besides, we obtain waveform for estimation: the PN sequence itself.
2、 Based upon the study of the power spectrum of DS&DS/CDMA signals, a power spectrum reprocessing approach is presented to estimate the period of PN sequence.
3、 Based upon the study of the cyclic spectrum of DS&DS/CDMA signals, a spectral correlation approach is presented to estimate the chip interval of PN sequence.
After synthesizing the DS&DS/CDMA signal estimation methods of time-domain correlation, we obtain two approaches. When the correlation time-delay can compare to the period of PN sequence, a time-domain correlation approach is presented to estimate the period of DS&DS/CDMA signals. When the correlation time-delay can compare to the chip interval of PN sequence, another time-domain
4、 correlation approach is presented to estimate the chip interval of DS&DS/CDMA signals.
5、 In order to solve the estimation problem of PN sequence itself, we presented a matrix decomposition approach to estimate the PN sequence itself. Through decomposition of the correlation matrix of DS&DS/CDMA signal, we can estimate the PN sequence from the largest and the second largest left singular vector.
6、 In order to solve the estimation problem of PN sequence itself, based upon the idea of the correlation matrix decomposition, we present the neural networks (N.N.) approach to estimate the PN sequence itself. Here, the N.N. approaches include: the principal component analysis and the principal components analysis N.N. . When the moment of the de-synchronization is known, we can use the principal component analysis N.N. to extract the first principal component of the DS&DS/CDMA signal, we can estimate the PN sequence from the first principal component. When the moment of the de-synchronization is unknown, we can use the principal components analysis N.N. to extract the first and the second principal components of the DS&DS/CDMA signals, we can estimate the PN sequence itself from them too.
Compare with the existed DS&DS/CDMA signal estimation methods, an advant
引文
[1] Abed-Meraim, K. A. Chkeif, and Y. Hua, "Fast Orthonormal PAST Algorithm," IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol.7, No.3, March, 2000.
[2] Abed-Meraim, K. A. Attallah, A. Chkeif, and Y. Hua, "Orthogonal Oja Algorithm," IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol.7, No.5, May, 2000.
[3] Al-Sanie, A.M.; Alshebeili, S.A. "Blind channel estimation and data recovery in DS spread spectrum systems," MILCOM 2000. 21st Century Military Communications Conference Proceedings, vol. 1, 2000, pp: 154 -158.
[4] Amin, M.G.; Ramineni, R.S.; Lindsey, A.R. "Suppression of FM interference in DSSS communication systems using projection techniques," 1999. Conference Record of the Thirty-Third Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers, vol. 2, 1999, pp: 1063 -1066.
[5] Auer, G.; Povey, G.J.R.; Laurenson, D.I. "Robust channel prediction technique for decision directed RAKE receivers," Electronics Letters, vol. 34 Issue: 4, 19 Feb. 1998 pp: 338 -340.
[6] Agee, B.G. Shell, S.V. and Gardner, W.A. "Spectral self-coherence restoral: a new approach to blind adaptive signal extraction using tenna arrays", Proc. IEEE Vol.78 April 1990.
[7] Adams, E.R. M. Gouda and P.C.J. Hill, "Detection & Characteristic of DS/SS Signals Using Higher-Order Correlation," IEEE 4th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications Proceedings, Vol.1, pp27 -31, 1996.
[8] Adams, E.R.; Gouda, M.; Hill, P.C.J. "Statistical techniques for blind detection & discrimination of m-sequence codes in DS/SS systems," 1998. Proceedings, 1998 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications, vol. 3, 1998 pp: 853 -857.
[9] Ansari, A.; Viswanathan, R. "Application of expectation-maximization algorithm to the detection of a direct-sequence signal in pulsed noise jamming," IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1993 vol.41 Issue: 8, Aug, pp: 1151 -1154.
[10] Bosik, B.S. "The Spectral Density of a Coded Digital Signal," The Bell System Technical Journal, pp921-932, April, 1972.
[11] Burel, G.; Bouder, C.; Berder, O. "Detection of direct sequence spread spectrum transmissions without prior knowledge," Global Telecommunications Conference, 2001. GLOBECOM '01. IEEE, vol.1, 2001, pp: 236 -239.
[12] Burel, G. and Bouder, C. "Blind Estimation of the Pseudo-random Sequence of a Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signal," MILCOM 2000. 21st Century Military Communications Conference Proceedings, Vol. 2, pp967-970, 2000.
[13] Bin Yang, "A Extension of the PASTd Algorithm to Both Rank and Subspace Tracking," IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol.2, No.9, Sept, 1995.
[14] Bin Yang, "Projection Approximation Subspace Tracking," IEEE Trans. on SP, Vol.43, No.1, Jan, 1995.
[15] Bin Yang, "Asymptotic Convergence Analysis of the Projection Approximation Subspace Tracking Algorithms," Signal Processing, 50(1996) 123-136.
[16] Bucket, K.; Moeneclaey, M. "Timing jitter sensitivity comparison of narrowband M-PSK and bandlimited DS/SS M-PSK signals," 1993. ICC '93 Geneva. Technical Program, Conference Record, IEEE International Conference on Communications, 1993 vol.1, pp: 453 -457.
[17] Beaulieu, N.C. Hopkins, W.L. and Mclane, P.J. "Interception of Frequency-Hopped Spread-Spectrum Signals," IEEE Journal on SAIC, Vol.8, No.5, pp853-869, June, 1990.
[18] Bensley, S.E. and Aazhang, B. "Subspace-Based Channel Estimation for Code Division Multiple Access Communication systems," IEEE Trans. on COM Vol.44 No.8 Aug. 1996.
[19] Chapman, W.W. R.D. Short,“检测和跟踪跳频信号的自适应组合的信道化接收机,”通信对抗,1994,No.3(译自《85’MILCOM》pp26.4.1~26.4.7)。
[20] Chen, C.K. and Gardner, W.A. "Signal-selective time-difference-of-arrival estimation for passive location of man-made signal source in highly corruptive environments, Part II: algorithm and performance", IEEE Trans. on SP Vol.40 May 1992.
[21] Chin-Liang Wang; Kuo-Ming Wu "A new narrowband interference suppression scheme for spread-spectrum CDMA communications," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 49 Issue: 11, Nov. 2001 pp: 2832 -2838.
[22] Cheng-Po Liang; Stark, W.E. "Turbo codes in DS-SS with adaptive nonlinear suppression of impulsive interference," Military Communications Conference Proceedings, 1999. MILCOM 1999. IEEE, vol. 1, 1999 pp: 408 -412.
[23] Chang-Joo Kim; Dong-Doo Lee; Tae-Won Hwang; Hyuck-Jae Lee; Hwang-Soo Lee "Adaptive hybrid acquisition of PN sequences for DS/SS communications," Electronics Letters, vol. 34 Issue: 10, 14 May 1998 pp: 939 -940.
[24] Chawla, K.K.; Sarwate, D.V. "Parallel acquisition of PN sequences in DS/SS systems," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 42 Issue: 5, May 1994 pp: 2155 -2164.
[25] Dillard, R.A. "Detectability of Spread-Spectrum Signals," IEEE Trans. on AES. Vol.15 July 1979.
[26] Davidovici, S. and Kanterakis, E.G. "Radiometric Detection of Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum Signals Using Interference Excision," IEEE Journal on SAIC, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp576-588, May, 1989.
[27] Dixon, R.C., Spread Spectrum Systems (Second Edition), New York,1984.
[28] De Gaudenzi, R.; Giannetti, F.; Luise, M. "Signal recognition and signature code acquisition in CDMA mobile packet communications," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 47 Issue: 1, Feb. 1998 pp: 196 -208.
[29] De Gaudenzi, R.; Giannetti, F.; Luise, M. "User recognition and signature code acquisition for CDMA receivers," 1995. ICC '95 Seattle, 'Gateway to Globalization', 1995 IEEE International Conference on Communications, vol. 3, 1995 pp: 1592 -1596.
[30] Dodds, D.; Mason, R.; Schmitz, R.; Dinh, A.; Bolton, R. "A segmented matched filter for CDMA code phase acquisition," 1998. IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 1, 1998 pp: 253 -256.
[31] Demirkiran, I.; Samarasooriya, V.N.S.; Varshney, P.K.; Weiner, D.D.; Mani, R.; Hamid Nawab, S.; Tyler, S. "A knowledge-based interference rejection scheme for direct sequence spread-spectrum systems," 1997 IEEE International Conference on Personal Wireless Communications, 1997 pp: 120 -124.
[32] Doherty, J.F.; Stark, H. "Direct-sequence spread spectrum narrowband interference rejection using property restoration," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 44 Issue: 9, Sept. 1996 pp: 1197 -1204.
[33] El-Khamy, S.E., Abdou, H.-E.-D.M., "Neural network matched filter receivers for CDMA systems," IEEE 4th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications Proceedings, Vol.3, pp1024-1028, 1996.
[34] Esmailzadeh, R.; Sourour, E.; Nakagawa, M. "PreRAKE diversity combining in time-division duplex CDMA mobile communications," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 48 Issue: 3, May 1999 pp: 795 -801.
[35] Esmailzadeh, R.; Nakagawa, M. "Time division duplex transmission of direct sequence spread spectrum signals in multipath channels," Vehicular Technology Conference, 1994 IEEE 44th, 1994 vol.3 pp: 1572 -1576.
[36] Esmailzadeh, R.; Nakagawa, M. "Pre-RAKE diversity combination for direct sequence spread spectrum communications systems," ICC '93 Geneva. Technical Program, Conference Record, IEEE International Conference on Communications, 1993 vol.1, pp: 463 -467.
[37] Eng, T.; Milstein, L.B. "Partially coherent DS-SS performance in frequency selective multipath fading," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 45 Issue: 1, Jan. 1997 pp: 110 -118.
[38] French, C.A. and Gardner, W.A. "Spread-spectrum despreading without the code," IEEE Trans. on Com. vol.34 pp.404-407 April 1986.
[39] Farrel T.C. and Prescott, G. "Low probability of intercept signal detection receiver using quadrature mirror filter bank trees," ICASSP, Part 3 (of 6) pp.1558-1561, 1996.
[40] Farrell, T.C.; Prescott, G.E. "A nine-tile algorithm for LPI signal detection using QMF filter bank trees," MILCOM '96, 1996, vol.3, pp: 974 -978.
[41] Flandrich, P. "Time-Frequency Receivers for Locally Optimum Detection," ICASSP 88 pp.2725-2728 1988.
[42] Fung, H.W.; Kot, A.C.; Li, K.H. "A novel approach to FM interference suppression in DS spread-spectrum communication systems," 2000. ICASSP '00. Proceedings. 2000 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 5, 2000 pp: 2829 -2832.
[43] Fettweis, G.P.; Nahler, A.; Kuhne, J. "A time domain view to multi-carrier spread spectrum," 2000 IEEE Sixth International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications, vol. 1, 2000 pp: 141 -144.
[44] Fanucci, L.; de Gaudenzi, R.; Giannetti, F.; Luise, M. "VLSI implementation of a signal recognition and code acquisition algorithm for CDMA packet receivers," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 16 Issue: 9, Dec. 1998 pp: 1796 -1808.
[45] Fratu, O.; Halunga, S. "A digital feedforward acquisition algorithm for DS-SS transmissions," 1996., IEEE 4th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications Proceedings, vol. 2, 1996 pp: 766 -770.
[46] Gardner, W.A. "Measurement of Spectral Correlation," IEEE Trans. on ASSP, Vol.34, No.5, Oct. 1986.
[47] Gardner, W.A. and Spooner, C.M. "Signal Interception: Performance Advantages of Cyclic-Feature Detectors," IEEE Trans. on Communications, Vol.40, No.1, January, 1992.
[48] Gardner, W.A. "The spectral correlation theory of cyclostationary time-series", Signal Processing, Vol.11, July 1986.
[49] Gardner, W.A. "Signal Interception: A Unifying Theoretical Framework for Feature Detection", IEEE Trans. on Communications., Vol. 36, No. 8, pp897-906, Aug. 1988.
[50] Gardner, W.A. "Spectral correlation of modulated signals: part II-Digital modulation", IEEE Trans. Com., Vol.35 No.6 June 1987.
[51] Gardner, W.A.and Chen, C.K. "Signal-selective time-difference-of-arrival estimation for passive location of man-made signal source in highly corruptive environments, Part I: theory and method", IEEE Trans. on SP Vol.40 May 1992.
[52] Gardner, W.A. Statistical Spectral Analysis a Nonprobabilistic Theory, Prentice Hall, 1988.
[53] Gouda, M. Adams, E.R. and Hill, P.C.J. "Estimation and Identification Techniques for DS/SS Signals," IECON 97. 23rd International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation, Vol. 1, pp311-315 1997
[54] Gouda, M.; Adams, E.R.; Hill, P.C.J. "Detection & discrimination of covert DS/SS signals using triple correlation," Radio Science Conference, 1998. NRSC '98. Proceedings of the Fifteenth National, 1998 pp: C35/1 -C35/6.
[55] Gitlin, R.D. and H.C. Meadors, "Center Tap Tracking Algorithm for Timing Recovers," AT&T Tec. Journal,Vol.66, Issue 6, pp.63-78, Nov/Dec, 1987.
[56] Gossink, D.E.; Cook, S.C.; Asenstorfex, J.A. "Code-directed synchronisation scheme for burst spread spectrum communications,"MILCOM 97 Proceedings, vol. 2, 1997 pp: 592 -597.
[57] Goeckell, D.L.; Hero, A.O., III; Stark, W.E. "Blind channel identification for direct-sequence spread-spectrum systems,"Military Communications Conference, 1995. MILCOM '95, Conference Record, IEEE, vol. 1, 1995 pp: 368 -372.
[58] Hill, P.C.J. and Ridley, M.E. "Blind Estimation of Direct-sequence Spread Spectrum M-Sequence Chip Codes," IEEE on 6th Symp. On Spread-Spread Tech. & Appli., NJIT, New Jersey, USA, Sept. 6-8, pp305-309, vol.1, 2000.
[59] Hill, P.C.J. and Haisan, A.M.S. "Novel Magic-Square Codes for Hiding DS/SS Signals from Intercept Receivers," 1994. IEEE ISSSTA '94., IEEE Third International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications, Vol.3, pp484-488, 1994.
[60] Hill, P.C.J.; Comley, V.E.; Adams, E.R. "Techniques for detecting and characterising covert communication signals," MILCOM 97 Proceedings, vol. 3, 1997 pp: 1361 -1365.
[61] Hottinen, A. "Self-organizing multiuser detection," IEEE Third International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications, Vol.1, pp152-156, 1994.
[62] Haimovich, A. and Vadhri, A. "Rejection of Narrow-Band Interference in PN Spread Spectrum Systems Using an Eigenanalysis Approach," Military Communications Conference, 1994(MILCOM '94). Conference Record, pp1002 -1006, 1994.
[63] Hinedi, S. and Polydoros, A. "DS/LPI Autocorrelation Detection in Noise Plus Random-Tone Interference," IEEE Trans. on Communications, Vol.38, No.6, June, 1990.
[64] Holmes, J.K. Coherent Spread Spectrum Systems, Wiley, New York, 1982.
[65] Hui Liu and Guanghan Xu, "A Subspace Method for Signature Waveform Estimation in Synchronous CDMA Systems," IEEE Trans. on COM Vol.44 No.10 Oct. 1996.
[66] Hobing Li Yuan Xia and Zongxiang Guo, “A neural network approach to estimation of PN spreading sequence in DS/SS communications,” the International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Beijing, 1995.
[67] Haykin, Simon Neural Networks-A Comprehensive Foundation (Second Edition), Prentice Hall, 1999.
[68] Honig, M. Madhow, U. and Verdu, S. "Blind Adaptive Multiuser Detection," IEEE Trans. on IT, Vol.41, No.4, July, 1995.
[69] Hanada, Y.; Kohno, R. "Vehicular spread spectrum radar using multi-beam antenna," Vehicular Technology Conference, 1997, IEEE 47th, vol. 1, 1997 pp: 116 -120.
[70] Gardner, W.A. Introduction to Random Processes With Application to Signals and systems, Mac millanPublication Company,1988.
[71] Ishizu, M.; Katayama, M.; Yamazato, T.; Ogawa, A. "Simultaneous estimation of code and frequency of DS/SS signals of multiple-LEO-satellite communication systems," 1997. Waves of the Year 2000. PIMRC '97., The 8th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, vol. 3, 1997 pp: 1019 -1023.
[72] Ibrahim, B.B.; Aghvami, A.H. "The performance of a direct sequence spread spectrum PN code tracking system for frequency selective channels," Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 1996. PIMRC'96., Seventh IEEE International Symposium on, vol. 3, 1996 pp: 853 -857.
[73] Jun Wang; Geraniotis, E. "Narrow-band interference suppression in spread spectrum communication with iterative decoding," 2000 IEEE Sixth International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications, vol. 1, 2000 pp: 98 -101.
[74] Jia-Chin Lin "A blind joint estimator for multipath diversity and PN timing error in direct-sequence spread-spectrum receivers," 1998. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 6, 1998 pp: 3241 -3244.
[75] Jones, W.W.; Luecke, J.R. "Suppressed carrier tracking when quadrature PN spreading," Universal Personal Communications, 1996. Record., 1996 5th IEEE International Conference on, vol. 2, 1996 pp: 712 -716.
[76] Jianfeng Weng; Guangguo Bi "A neural network based adaptive correlator in DS/SS mobile communication system," Vehicular Technology Conference, 1995 IEEE 45th, vol. 2, 1995 pp: 679 -683.
[77] Jacklin, W.E.; Ucci, D.R. "The Fourier series implementation of a locally optimum detector," MILCOM '94, 1994 vol.3 pp: 992 -996.
[78] Kuehls, J.F. Evaggelos Geraniotis, “Presence Detection of Binary-Phase-Shift-Keyed and Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum Signals Using a Prefilter-Delay-and-Multiply Device,” IEEE journal on SAIC., Vol.8 No.5 June 1990.
[79] Kiseon Kim and Jeong- [2]Ketchum, J.W. and J.G. Proakis, "Adaptive Algorithm for Estimating and Suppressing Narrow-Band Interference in PN Spread-Spectrum Systems," IEEE Trans. on Communications, Vol. 30, 1982. May, No.5, pp: 913-924.
[80] Kung, S.Y. Diamantaras, K.I. and Taur, J.S. "Adaptive principal component extraction (APEX) and applications," IEEE Trans. SP, Vol.42, No.5, May, 1994.
[81] Kuhne, J.; Nahler, A.; Fettweis, G.P. "Multi user interference evaluation for a one-code multi carrier spread spectrum CDMA system with imperfect time and frequency synchronization," 1998. Proceedings., 1998 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications, vol. 2, 1998 pp: 479 -483.
[82] Kalofonos, D.N.; Stojanovic, M.; Proakis, J.G. "On the performance of adaptive MMSE detectors for a MC-CDMA system in fast fading Rayleigh channels," 1998. The Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, vol. 3, 1998 pp: 1309 -1313.
[83] Kyuyoung Rhee; Wunil Jung; Giyoung Lim; Minglu Jin "Design of code acquisition of pseudonoise signals," TENCON '97. IEEE Region 10 Annual Conference. Speech and Image Technologies for Computing and Telecommunications., Proceedings of IEEE, vol. 1, 1997 pp: 121 -125.
[84] Ki Jun Kim; Soon Yil Kwon; Seung Hoon Hwang; Chae Ha Pak; Keum Chan Whang "Comparison of coherent and noncoherent CDMA system in time varying fading channel," Vehicular Technology Conference, 1996. Mobile Technology for the Human Race., IEEE 46th, vol. 2, 1996 pp: 884 -888.
[85] Khalaj, B.H.; Paulraj, A.; Kailath, T. "patio-temporal channel estimation techniques for multiple access spread spectrum systems with antenna arrays," 1995. ICC '95 Seattle, 'Gateway to Globalization', 1995 IEEE International Conference on Communications, vol. 3, 1995 pp: 1520 -1524.
[86] Kaul, A.; Woerner, B.D. "An analysis of adaptive multistage interference cancellation for CDMA," Vehicular Technology Conference, 1995 IEEE 45th, vol. 1, 1995 pp: 82 -86.
[87] Krinsky, D.M.; Haddad, A.H.; Lee, C.C. "Signal detection using a hybrid system model," 1994, Proceedings of the Third IEEE Conference on Control Applications, 1994 vol.3 pp: 1829 -1834.
[88] Kajiwara, A.; Nakagawa, M. "Spread spectrum demodulator using block signal processing," ICC '91, Conference Record. IEEE International Conference on Communications, 1991 vol.2, pp: 94 -898.
[89] Kim, K.; Lee, J.-A. "M-hop interception of FH/LPI signals using autocorrelation techniques," TENCON '89. Fourth IEEE Region 10 International Conference, 1989, pp: 266 -269.
[90] Krasner, N.F., "Optimal Detection of Digitally Modulated Signals," IEEE Trans. on Communications, Vol. 30, No. 5, pp885-895, May, 1982.
[91] Loh-Ming Li and L.B. Milstein, "Rejection of Narrow-Band Interference in PN Spread-Spectrum Systems Using Transversal Filters," IEEE Trans. on Communications, Vol. 30, No. 5, pp925-928, May, 1982.
[92] Lu Minquan and Xiao Xianci “Detection of DS/SS Signal Using Fourth-Order spectrum,” Proceeding of ICSP'93.
[93] Lqbal, R.; Bedi, J.S. "Performance analysis of interference rejection techniques in spread spectrum communication," TENCON '91.1991 IEEE Region 10 International Conference on EC3-Energy, Computer, Communication and Control Systems, vol.3 pp: 95 -98.
[94] Linnartz, J.-P.M.G. "Partial correlations and cyclic prefixes in direct sequence spread spectrum," Vehicular Technology Conference, 1999. VTC 1999 - Fall. IEEE VTS 50th, vol. 5, 1999 pp: 2696 -2700.
[95] Mangalvedhe, N.R.; Reed, J.H. "Evaluation of a soft synchronization technique for DS/SS signals," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 14 Issue: 8, Oct. 1996 pp: 1643 -1652.
[96] Mauss, O.C.; Classen, F.; Meyr, H. "Carrier frequency recovery for a fully digital direct-sequence spread-spectrum receiver: A comparison," Vehicular Technology Conference, 1993., 43rd IEEE, 1993 pp: 392 -395.
[97] Murray, E.D.; Edwards, J.A. "Detectability bounds for spread-spectrum communications," MILCOM '91, vol.2, pp: 543 -547.
[98] Neng Wang, Wei-Ping Zhu, Baoyu Zheng, "Blind multiuser detection for DS-CDMA systems: a neural network approach," Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Vol. 5, pp603-606, 1999.
[99] Nennett, W.R. “Statistics of Regenerative Digital Transmission,” The Bell System Technical Journal, pp1501-1542, Nov., 1958.
[100]Nandi, A.K. Azzouz,E.E. “通信信号的自动调制识别算法,”通信对抗,1998,No.4(译自IEEE Trans. on COM, Vol.46, No.4, April, 1998.)。
[101]Okuda, S.; Katayama, M.; Yamazato, T.; Ogawa, A. "A new block demodulator for DS/SS signal with carrier frequency offset," 1995. PIMRC'95. Wireless: Merging onto the Information Superhighway, Sixth IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, vol. 1, 1995 pp: 203 -207.
[102]Ormondroyd, R.F. "PN code synchronisers for direct-sequence spread-spectrum systems-a comparative evaluation," IEE Colloquium on New Synchronisation Techniques for Radio Systems,
1995 pp: 9/1 -9/7.
[103]Polydoros, A. and Holmes, J.K. "Autocorrelation Techniques for Wideband Detection of FH/DS Waveform in Random Tone Interference," MILCOM'83.
[104]Polydoros, A. and Weber, C.L. "Detection Performance Considerations for Direct-Sequence and Time-Hopping LPI Waveforms," IEEE Journal on SAIC, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp727-744, Sept., 1985.
[105]Polydoros, A. and Woo, K.T. "LPI Detection of Frequency-Hopping Signals Using Autocorrelation Techniques," IEEE Journal on SAIC, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp714-726, Sept., 1985.
[106]Pei-Yuan Peng, "An efficient multiuser detection algorithm for direct sequence code division multiple access by using neural networks," IEEE International Conference on Communications, Vol. 1, pp36-40, 2001.
[107]Pronios, N.B. and Polydoros, A. “On power spectral density of certain digitally modulated signals with applications to code despreading,” IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., Vol.8, No.5, June, 1990.
[108]Pados, D.A.; Batalama, S.N. "Fast joint space-time adaptive processing for DS/SS antenna array systems," Military Communications Conference, 1998. MILCOM 98. Proceedings., IEEE, vol. 1, 1998 pp: 328 -332.
[109]Perez-Neira, A.I.; Roca, J.; Lagunas, M.A. "A new non-linear system for estimating and suppressing narrowband interference in PN spread spectrum modulation," 1998. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 6, 1998 pp: 3261 -3264.
[110]Perez-neira, A.; Anton-Haro, C.; Lagunas, M.A. "An adaptive fuzzy logic enhancer for rejection of narrowband interference in DS-spread spectrum,"Vehicular Technology Conference, 1998. VTC 98. 48th IEEE, vol. 2, 1998 pp: 1598 -1602.
[111]Qingyi Quan, Jiandong Hu, "Using Hopfield network for multiuser signal detection," 1998 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Vol.3, pp1794-1798,1998.
[112]Reed, D.E. "Comparison of Symbol-Rate Detector and Radiometer Intercept Receiver Performance in a Nonstationary Environment," MILCOM '89--Military Communications Conference, 1989, Conference Record. Bridging the Gap. Interoperability, Survivability, Security, pp359-363, 1989.
[113]Reed, D.E.and Wickert, M.A. "Nonstationary Moments of a Random Binary Pulse Train," IEEE Trans. on Information Theory, 1989. May, Vol.35, No.3, pp: 700-703.
[114]Reed, D.E. and Wickert, M.A. "Minimization of Detection of Symbol-Rate Spectral Lines by Delay and Multiply Receivers," IEEE Trans. on Communications, 1988. January, Vol.36, No.1, pp118-120.
[115]Reed, D.E. and Wickert, M.A. "A Performance of Optimum and Sub-Optimun Receiver Structure for Rate-Line Detection of Digitally Modulated Carriers," IEEE Region 5 Conference, 1988: 'Spanning the Peaks of Electrotechnology', 1988. pp177-181.
[116]Reed, D.E. and Wickert, M.A. "Symbol-rate detection by a power-series nonlinear envelop detector receiver," Proc.1988 Phoenix Conf. Computers and Communications, Phoenix, Arizona.
[117]Reed, D.E. and Wickert, M.A. "Spread spectrum signals with low probability of chip rate detection," IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun, 1989. May, Vol.7 pp595~601.
[118]Reed, D.E. and Wickert, M.A. “Performance of a fourth-Power Envelop Detector for Symbol-Rate Tone Generation," Proc ICC'88 June 12-15 1988.
[119]Roberts, R.S. Brow, W.A. and Loomis, "Computationally Efficient Algorithms for Cyclic Spectral Analysis." IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, April 1991.
[120]Rahman, Q.M.; Sesay, A.B. "Two-stage maximum likelihood estimation (TSMLE) for MT-CDMA signals," 2001. Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 1, 2001 pp: 111 -116.
[121]Ramos, J.; Zoltowski, M.; Urgos, M. "Robust blind adaptive array. A prototype for GPS," 1996, IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology, 1996. pp: 406 -410.
[122]Sonnenschein, Alexander.; Fishman, P.M. "Limitation on the Detectability of Spread Spectrum Signals," MILCOM'89.
[123]Spooner, C.M. and Gardner, W.A. "Robust Feature Detection for Signal Interception," IEEE Trans. on Communications, Vol.42, No.5, May, 1994.
[124]Spooner, C.M. and Gardner, W.A. "Exploitation of Higher-Order Cyclostationarity for Weak-Signal Detection and Time-Delay Estimation," IEEE 1992.
[125]Schell, S.V. R.A. Calabretta, W.A. Gardner, and B.G. Agee., "Cyclic MUSIC algorithms for signal-selective direction estimation", In Proc. ICASSP, May 1989.
[126]Schell S.V. and W.A. Gardner, "Signal-selective high-resolution direction finding in multipath", ICASSP, E6.11 1990.
[127]Suwon Kang; Yong-Hwan Lee "Rapid acquisition of PN signals for DS/SS systems using a phase estimator," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 19 Issue: 6, June 2001 pp: 1128 -1137.
[128]Saarnisaari, H. "Interference rejection in DS/SS-systems with an improved RLS-whitening filter," 2001. ICC 2001. IEEE International Conference on Communications, vol. 6, 2001 pp: 1871 -1875.
[129]Saarnisaari, H. "Two blind DS-CDMA code synchronization methods for multipath channels," 2000 IEEE Sixth International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications, vol. 1, 2000 pp: 259 -263.
[130]Saarnisaari, H. "Robustness of the MUSIC algorithm to errors in estimation of the dimensions of the subspaces: delay estimation in DS/SS in the presence of interference," Military Communications
Conference Proceedings, 1999. MILCOM 1999. IEEE, vol. 2, 1999 pp: 851 -854.
[131]Suleesathiru, R.; Chaparro, L.F. "Jammer excision in spread spectrum using discrete evolutionary-Hough transform and singular value decomposition," Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing, 2000 pp: 519 -523.
[132]Salih, M.; Tantaratana, S. "A closed-loop coherent PN acquisition system with a pre-loop estimator," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 47 Issue: 9, Sept. 1999 pp: 1394 -1405.
[133]Smee, J.E.; Schwartz, S.C. "Adaptive feedforward/feedback detection architectures for wideband CDMA," Communication Theory Mini-Conference, 1999, pp: 151 -157.
[134]Shan, P.; Beex, A.A. "Time-varying filtering using full spectral information for soft-cancellation of FM interference in spread spectrum communications," SPAWC '99. 1999 2nd IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications, 1999 pp: 321 -324.
[135]Sourour, E.; Bottomley, G.; Ramesh, R. "Delay tracking for direct sequence spread spectrum systems in multipath fading channels," Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE 49th, vol. 1, 1999 pp: 422 -426.
[136]Suwon Kang; Yong-Hwan Lee "Rapid acquisition of PN signals for DS/SS systems employing a phase estimator," Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE 49th, vol. 1, 1999 pp: 118 -122.
[137]Stojanovic, M.; Proarkis, J.G.; Rice, J.A.; Green, M.D. "Spread spectrum underwater acoustic telemetry,"OCEANS '98 Conference Proceedings, vol. 2, 1998 pp: 650 -654.
[138]Srinivasan, M.; Sarwate, D.V. "Simple schemes for parallel acquisition of spreading sequences in DS/SS systems," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 45 Issue: 3, Aug. 1996 pp: 593 -598.
[139]Sharfer, I.; Hero, A.O. "A maximum likelihood CDMA receiver using the EM algorithm and the discrete wavelet transform," 1996. ICASSP-96. Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 5, 1996 pp: 2654 -2657.
[140]Srinivasan, M.; Sarwate, D.V. "Simple schemes for parallel acquisition of spreading sequences in DS/SS systems," Vehicular Technology Conference, 1995 IEEE 45th, vol. 1, 1995 pp: 286 -290.
[141]Shaheen, K.M.; Gupta, S.C. "Adaptive combination of cancelling co-channel interference and decoding of error-correcting codes for DS-SS CDMA mobile communication system," 1995. PIMRC'95. Wireless: Merging onto the Information Superhighway., Sixth IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, vol. 2, 1995 pp: 737 -741.
[142]Shaheen, K.M.; Gupta, S.C. "Cascaded CCI cancellation and error-correcting codes for DS-SS CDMA mobile communication system," Global Telecommunications Conference, 1995. GLOBECOM '95., IEEE, vol. 3, 1995 pp: 2177 -2181.
[143]Shaheen, K.M.; Gupta, S.C. "Co-channel interference cancellation for DS-SS CDMA mobile communication system," 1995., Conference Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE Fourteenth Annual International Phoenix Conference on Computers and Communications, 1995 pp: 678 -683.
[144]Shu-Hung Leung; Jian-Feng Weng "Neural networks for PN synchronization and optimal symbol decision in DS/SS indoor communications," Singapore ICCS '94. Conference Proceedings., 1994, vol.2, pp: 592 -596.
[145]Stephen Tyler, Moeness Amin,“直接序列扩频系统中的干扰抑制,”通信对抗,1998,No.2(译自《Journal of Electronic Defense》1997.7.)。
[146]Tsatsanis, M.K. and G.B. Giannakis, "Blind Estimation of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signals in Multipath," IEEE Trans. On Signal Processing, Vol.45, No.5. May 1997.
[147]Tsatsanis, M.K. and G.B. Giannakis, "Blind Estimation of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signals in Multipath," Conference Record of the Twenty-Ninth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, 1996. Vol. 1, pp403-407.
[148]Teich, W.G. M. Seidl, M. Nold, "Multiuser detection for DS-CDMA communication systems based on recurrent neural network structures," Proceedings. Of the 1998 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications, 1998.Vol.3, pp863-867.
[149]Tsai, S.; Lehnert, J.S. "Convergenge of an optimal channel estimation algorithm for DS-CDMA systems in time-varying channels with strong interference," MILCOM 2000. 21st Century Military Communications Conference Proceedings, vol. 2, 2000 pp: 871 -875.
[150]Tae-Hoon Kim; Kyung-Woon Jang; Yong-Wan Park; Jeong-Hee Choi "Code acquisition in DS/SS system using periodic property of PN code," Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings, 2000. VTC 2000-Spring Tokyo. 2000 IEEE 51st, vol. 1, 2000 pp: 660 -664.
[151]Thompson, J.S.; Grant, P.M.; Mulgrew, B. "Algorithms for coherent diversity combining of M-ary orthogonal signals," Vehicular Technology Conference, 1998. VTC 98. 48th IEEE, vol. 1, 1998 pp: 534 -538.
[152]Thompson, J.S.; Mulgrew, B.; Grant, P.M. "Analysis of diversity reception improvements in spread spectrum receivers," 1994. IEEE ISSSTA '94., IEEE Third International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications, 1994 vol.2 pp: 455 -459.
[153]Urkowitz, H. "Energy Detection of Unknown Dterministic Signal," Proc IEEE. Vol.55, pp523-531, 1967.
[154]Vincent Poor, H. "Active Interference Suppression in CDMA Overlay Systems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol.19,No.1, January.
[155]Valadon, C. Tafazolli, R. "A fast adaptive multiuser detector for DS-CDMA communications based on an artificial neural network architecture," Proceedings.of the 1998 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications, Vol.3, pp873-877, 1998.
[156]Van Nee, R.D.J. "Timing aspects of synchronous CDMA," 1994. Wireless Networks - Catching the Mobile Future., 5th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 1994 pp: 439 -443.
[157]Waters, W.M. B.R. Jarret, "Bandpass Sampling and Coherent Detection." IEEE Trans. on AES-18 No.4 Nov. 1982.
[158]Wern-Ho Sheen; Stuber, G.L. "A new tracking loop for direct sequence spread spectrum systems on frequency-selective fading channels," 1995. ICC '95 Seattle, 'Gateway to Globalization', 1995 IEEE International Conference on Communications, vol. 3, 1995 pp: 1364 -1368.
[159]Xu, G.and T. Kailath, "Direction-of-arrival estimation via exploitation of cyclostationarity-a combination of temporal and spatial processing," IEEE Trans on SP Vol.40 July 1992.
[160]Xiaodong Wang and H. Vincent Poor, "Blind Multiuser Detection: A Subspace Approach," IEEE Trans. on IT, Vol.44, No.2, March, 1998.
[161]Xiaodong Wang and H. Vincent Poor, "Blind Adaptive Multiuser Detection in Multipath CDMA Channels Based on Subspace Tracking," IEEE Trans. on SP, Vol.46, No.11, Nov. 1998.
[162]Yi Wang; Xiaojie Wang; Cunwu Han; Weiling Wu "A novel adaptive algorithm for MMSE multiuser detection," Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings, 2000. VTC 2000-Spring Tokyo. 2000 IEEE 51st, vol. 3, 2000 pp: 2389 -2393.
[163]Zhong, W. S.X. Cheng, "Multiuser detection using time-varying scaling-parameter transiently chaotic neural networks," Electronics Letters, Vol.35, No.12, pp987-989, June 1999.
[164]Zhengyuan Xu; Tsatsanis, M.K. "Blind adaptive algorithms for minimum variance CDMA receivers," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 49 Issue: 1, Jan. 2001 pp: 180 -194.
[165]Zhao, L.; Amin, M.G.; Lindsey, A.R.; Zhang, Y. "Subspace array processing for the suppression of FM jamming in GPS receivers," 2000. Conference Record of the Thirty-Fourth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, vol. 2, 2000 pp: 1000 -1004.
[166]Zhong Ling Li "CDMA wireless communication systems with FEC," Singapore ICCS/ISITA '92. 'Communications on the Move', 1990, vol.1, pp: 319 -323.
[167]尚志祥、覃林,“一种新的扩频通信系统,”电子对抗,1990,No.1。
[168]黄振和、尚志祥,“中频直接采样相干检波新技术,”电子对抗,1990,No.1。
[169]臧其源,“一种简单、高精度的Hilbert变换方法,”电子对抗,1990,No.3。
[170]何自强,“雷达信号脉内特征提取技术述评,”电子对抗,1992,No.4。
[171]李丕垠、李吉孚,“特殊雷达信号脉内特征的提取,”电子对抗,1992,No.4。
[172]李丕垠、李吉孚,“应用SAW-DDL分析特殊雷达信号脉内特征的方法研究,”电子对抗,1992,No.4。
[173]张庆荣、单佩钧,“雷达信号脉内特征分析的谱相关方法,”电子对抗,1993,No.4。
[174]魏东升,“雷达信号脉内细微特征的时频分析,”电子对抗,1993,No.4。
[175]杨小牛,“用于跳频信号截获的FFT快扫接收机技术研究,”通信对抗,1992,No.1。
[176]杨小牛,“直接序列(DS)扩频码的截获与干扰技术初探,”通信对抗,1991,No.3。
[177]杨小牛,“超大功率空间合成-JTIDS对抗的关键技术,”通信对抗,1996,No.3。
[178]杨小牛、楼才义, “多率数字信号处理及其在通信对抗中的应用,”通信对抗,1996,No.2。
[179]楼才义、杨小牛,“基于软件无线电的插卡式多功能短波侦察接收机,”通信对抗,1998,No.2。
[180]张建立,“直扩信号的检测,”无线电工程,1994,No.2。
[181]张建立,“直扩信号的检测方法,” 电子对抗学会第八届学术年会论文集,1993
[182]杨忠、张建立,“低信噪比直扩信号的周期特征检测与参数估计,” 无线电工程,1995, No.6。
[183]刘志杰、张建立等,“对扩/跳频通信对抗体制的研究,” 无线电工程,No.2,Vol.21,1991。
[184]徐穆洵,“跳频通信的最佳干扰研究,”通信对抗,1993,No.1。
[185]徐穆洵,“直扩通信的最佳干扰研究,”通信对抗,1994,No.2。
[186]徐穆洵,“对直扩通信同步系统干扰研究,”通信对抗,1994,No.3。
[187]徐穆洵,“对直扩通信信号的侦察和测向,”通信对抗,1994,No.4。
[188]徐穆洵,“对JTIDS的干扰,”通信对抗,1995,No.3。
[189]徐穆洵,“GPS对抗,”通信对抗,1993,No.4。
[190]徐穆洵,“PLRS对抗,”通信对抗,1995,No.4。
[191]雷加、李智等, “调制域分析技术在跳频通信对抗中的应用,”通信对抗,1998,No.1。
[192]雷加、李智等,“调制域分析技术在跳频通信对抗中的应用,”通信对抗,1998,No.1。
[193]徐建良,“全数字短波接收机实现技术研究,”通信对抗,1998,No.1。
[194]熊群力,“通信对抗的未来发展,”通信对抗,1996,No.2。
[195]“电子战信号处理技术的发展,”通信对抗,1996,No.1(译自《Journal of Electronic Defense》1995.9.)。
[196]罗来源、肖先赐,“直接序列扩频信号的分路相关检测,”信号处理,Vol.14, No.3 Sep. 1998。
[197]吕铁军、肖先赐,“基于调制信号细微特征的证据识别,”电子战新概念新理论新技术,第七届学术年会论文集,2000年。
[198]朱晓霞、陆明泉、肖先赐,“通信信号细微特征分析,”电子对抗,1995,No.3。
[199]朱德君,“谱相关理论在电子侦察中的应用,”电子对抗,1995,No.2。
[200]谈满堂、朱德君,“谱相关理论用于直接序列扩谱信号的检测与估计,” 电子对抗,1995,No.4。
[201]“一种适用于直接序列扩频信号的抑制干扰的快速傅立叶算法,”通信对抗,1995,No.3。
[202]熊发明、陈尚松,“一种快速连续测频的新方法,”无线电工程,1999,No.1。
[203]魏本涛,“对跳频电台的快速精确测频技术的探讨,”电子对抗,1987,No.1。
[204]保谦、魏本涛,“直扩信号的周期谱密度检测法,” 西安电子科大学报,1995,No.4。
[205]郭小雷、魏本涛,“对DS/SS通信系统干扰波形的选择研究,”通信对抗,1991,No.3。
[206]崔滔、魏本涛,“频域谱相关自适应滤波的LPI信号可检测性与密集信号分选能力研究,”电子对抗,1997,No.2。
[207]李颖敏,“用时间相关法实现跳频信号参数计算机处理,”电子对抗,1993,No.1。
[208]庄震华,“跳频信号的快速截获和网台分选,”通信对抗,1995,No.4。
[209]杨宏娃,“一种网台分选算法,”通信对抗,1999,No.4。
[210]“在有最佳多音干扰情况下的混合式扩频信号的捕获,”通信对抗,1998,No.2。(译自《97’MILCOM》)
[211]斤元康,“直接序列扩频信号干扰方法的分析和研究,”通信对抗,1994,No.1。
[212]“直接序列扩频通信系统干扰方式研究,”军事通信技术,1989,No.2。
[213]谢明、丁康,“频谱分析的校正方法,”振动工程学报,Vol.7, No.2 1994。
[214]丁康、谢明,“离散频谱三点卷积幅值修正法的误差分析,”振动工程学报,Vol.9, No.1 996。
[215]黄迪山,“FFT相位误差分析及实用修正方法,”振动工程学报,Vol.7, No.2 1994。
[216]刘进明、应怀樵,“FFT谱连续细化分析的傅立叶变换法,”振动工程学报,Vol.8, No.2 1995。
[217]余佳兵、史铁林等,“窗谱校正方法的实用峰值搜寻算法研究,”振动工程学报,Vol.9, No.4 1996。
[218]何桂清,“伪随机扩频系统中抑制窄带干扰的一种神经网络方法,”信号处理,Vol.12, No.3 Sep. 1996。
[219]郭伟、余敬东,“一种直扩信号相关检测方法,”信号处理,Vol.14, No.2 June. 1998。
[220]游凌,“DS直扩信号参数隐周期特征分析法,”信号处理,Vol.16, 增刊 Des. 2000。
[221]赵勋杰,“一种识别淹没在噪声中信号的新方法,”电子对抗,1995,No.4。
[222]何正嘉、刘雄、屈梁生,“信号时域平均原理和应用,” 信号处理,Vol.2,No.4,Dec.,1986。
[223]吴玮琦、俞永福,“关于雷达信号高密度复制技术的研究,”电子战新概念新理论新技术,第七届学术年会论文集,2000年。
[224]吴军、林象平,“时频分析与测向,”电子战新概念新理论新技术,第七届学术年会论文集,2000年。
[225]陆安南,“高斯空间相关噪声中的直扩信号测向,”电子对抗,1997,No.1。
[226]曹国英,“扩谱信号测向新技术,”电子对抗,1999,No.4。
[227]陆彦辉、胡捍英等,“一种用于DS-CDMA系统波达方向估计的新方法,”无线电工程,1999,No.5。
[228]王昌宝、陈鹏举等,“哈特莱(Hartley)变换在DS信号检测中的应用,”电子对抗,1997,No.2。
[229]蒋盘林,“线性接收机截获扩频信号性能分析,”电子对抗,1996,No.1。
[230]龙德浩、李健,“组合干扰在JTIDS扩频通信对抗中的作用,”通信对抗,1992,No.2。
[231]王玉芳、刘志杰,“对JTIDS系统通信信号的侦察技术研究,” 无线电工程,No.2, Vol.24, 1994。
[232]潘高峰、华健江,“GPS对抗技术,”通信对抗,1999,No.3。
[233]戴逸民,“频率合成器短期频率稳定度的系统分析与频畴测量,”电子测量技术,pp.52-67, 1979.1.。
[234]戴逸民,“频率合成器相位稳定原理,”电子测量技术,pp.28-41, 1979.6.。
[235]王俊胜,“全数字BPSK/QPSK解调器原理和应用,”无线电通信技术,Vol.18, No.4, pp.255-263, 1992.8.。
[236]罗发龙、李衍达著,《神经网络信号处理》,电子工业出版社,1993.10.。
[237]焦李成,《神经网络的应用与实现》,西安电子科技大学出版社,1993。
[238]焦李成,《神经网络系统理论》,西安电子科技大学出版社,1993。
[239]史忠植,《神经计算》,电子工业出版社,1993。
[240]唐.吉.托里埃里著,蒋锦星等译,《军事通信系统原理》,西北电讯工程学院出版社,1985.6.。
[241]沈允春,《扩谱技术》,国防工业出版社,1995.7.。
[242]林可祥、汪一飞,《伪随机码的原理与应用》,人民邮电出版社,1978.12.。
[243]李承恕、赵荣黎,《扩展频谱通信》,人民邮电出版社,1994.7.。
[244]查光明、熊贤祚,《扩频通信》,西安电子科技大学出版社,1990。
[245]陈尚勤,《自适应信号处理》,电子工业出版社,1993。
[246]向敬成、王意青等,《信号检测与估计》,国防工业出版社,1990。
[247]张天骐、郭宗祥,“一种DS/SS信号扩频码估计的神经网络方法,” 第九届全国遥控遥测技术年会论文集, 1996年 12月, 海口。
[248]张天骐、郭宗祥,罗致娴,“一种DS/SS信号扩频码估计的神经网络方法,” 第十届全国遥控遥测技术年会论文集, 1998年 9月, 昆明。
[249]张天骐﹑周正中,郭宗祥,“一种DS/SS信号PN码估计的神经网络方法,” 信号处理,2001年 Dec. Vol.17 No.6 pp: 533-537。
[250]张天骐﹑周正中,“低信噪比直扩信号伪码周期检测的谱方法,” 仪器仪表学报,2001年,No.3(增刊)。
[251]张天骐﹑周正中,“直扩信号的谱检测和神经网络估计,” 系统工程与电子技术, 2001年 Vol.23 No.12 pp: 12-15。
[252]张天骐﹑周正中,“基于空间分集的低信噪比直扩信号伪码元宽度检测的谱方法,” 信号处理,2001年 (增刊)。
[253]张天骐﹑周正中,“直扩信号伪码周期的谱检测,” 电波科学学报, 2001年 Dec. Vol.16 No.4 pp: 518-521。
[254]Chang Tianqi, Zhou Zhengzhong "A Spectral Method for Periodic Estimation of the PN Sequences in Lower SNR DS-CDMA Signals," 2000 International Conference on Communications, Circuits, and Systems and West Sino Expositions Proceedings, Vol.1: Communication Theory and Systems, 2000 pp: 506-510.
[255]Chang Tianqi, Zhou Zhengzhong “A Neural Network Approach to Blind Estimation of PN Spreading Sequence in DS/SS Communications,”电子科技大学学报,录用待发表。
[256]杨义先,《最佳信号设计理论》,人民邮电出版社,1998。
[257]张贤达、保铮,《通信信号处理》,国防工业出版社,2000。
[258]张贤达,《信号处理中的线性代数》,科学出版社,1997。
[259]张贤达,《现代信号处理》,清华大学出版社,1995。
[260]Ljung, L. “Analysis of Recursive Stochastic Algorithms,” IEEE Trans. on Automatic Control, Vol.AC-22, No.4 Aug. 1977. pp:551-575.
[261]Rappaport, Theodore, S. Wireless Communications Principle and Practice, Prentice Hall, 1996.