一种基于红外光电探测器的自动雨量传感器
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摘要
随着汽车工业的不断发展,科技水平的不断进步,人们对轿车的功能要求也越来越高。特别是希望汽车增加一些自动控制功能,让驾驶变得更加轻松,更加容易。自动感应式雨量传感器就是为了满足人们的这种需要而产生的一种帮助人们自动启动雨刷装置并调节其摆动速度的系统。他们可以让驾驶员在下雨天不必分心去考虑何时启动雨刷,采用何种速度等问题,就能获得清晰的视线并得到适当的雨刷拨水速度。
本文分析了自动雨量传感器的作用及工作原理。在查阅了大量国内外相关资料后,设计了整个光学结构的关键部件的设计原理并给出了相关的设计思路。该自动雨量传感器的光学部分的结构共分三个部分:前端是由一个中心波长为906nm的红外LED光源和一个曲率半径为2.94mm的球面透镜构成的发射端;末端是由一个红外LED接收管和一个曲率半径为3.92mm的球面透镜构成的接收端;中间是探测光线经过的挡风玻璃部分。
本文利用工程计算软件MATLAB计算了准直透镜和聚焦透镜的曲面方程,并画出模拟曲线。利用光学设计软ZEMAX,根据光线追迹的方法,仿真了光线在自动雨量传感器中准直,全反射和聚焦的整个传播过程。用模拟得到的数据证明了准直透镜和聚焦透镜的确起到了提高自动感应式雨量传感器灵敏度和反映速度的作用,使整个利用全反射原理进行探测的过程得以实现。
With the rapid development of automotive industry and technology, more functions were demanded in automobiles for convenience. Some automatic control functions were required especially. Rain sensor was invited to satisfy this kind of needs of people. The Rain Sensor was a highly versatile device for automatic wiping when sensor area of the vehicle windscreen was wet due to moisture, raindrops or even mud. It became more easier for the drivers to get a clear field of vision without distraction.
The operation principles and function of the rain sensor were studied. There were three components that make up the optical system of the rain sensor. The first component was a leading end which was made of an emitting LED with a central wavelength at 906nm and a collimating lens with a 3mm radius curvature; the second component was a LED adopter and a focus lens with a 4mm radius curvature; the third component was the windshield in which area the light from the LED pass ed through.
The engineering compute software MATLAB was used to calculate the aspheric surfaces of the collimating lens and the focus lens. The optical design software ZEMAX was used to simulate the beam path of the light from LED which went through the whole optical structure of the rain sensor. The result from the simulation proved that the collimating lens and the focus lens were very effective in improving the sensitivity and reaction speed of the rain sensor.
本文分析了自动雨量传感器的作用及工作原理。在查阅了大量国内外相关资料后,设计了整个光学结构的关键部件的设计原理并给出了相关的设计思路。该自动雨量传感器的光学部分的结构共分三个部分:前端是由一个中心波长为906nm的红外LED光源和一个曲率半径为2.94mm的球面透镜构成的发射端;末端是由一个红外LED接收管和一个曲率半径为3.92mm的球面透镜构成的接收端;中间是探测光线经过的挡风玻璃部分。
本文利用工程计算软件MATLAB计算了准直透镜和聚焦透镜的曲面方程,并画出模拟曲线。利用光学设计软ZEMAX,根据光线追迹的方法,仿真了光线在自动雨量传感器中准直,全反射和聚焦的整个传播过程。用模拟得到的数据证明了准直透镜和聚焦透镜的确起到了提高自动感应式雨量传感器灵敏度和反映速度的作用,使整个利用全反射原理进行探测的过程得以实现。
With the rapid development of automotive industry and technology, more functions were demanded in automobiles for convenience. Some automatic control functions were required especially. Rain sensor was invited to satisfy this kind of needs of people. The Rain Sensor was a highly versatile device for automatic wiping when sensor area of the vehicle windscreen was wet due to moisture, raindrops or even mud. It became more easier for the drivers to get a clear field of vision without distraction.
The operation principles and function of the rain sensor were studied. There were three components that make up the optical system of the rain sensor. The first component was a leading end which was made of an emitting LED with a central wavelength at 906nm and a collimating lens with a 3mm radius curvature; the second component was a LED adopter and a focus lens with a 4mm radius curvature; the third component was the windshield in which area the light from the LED pass ed through.
The engineering compute software MATLAB was used to calculate the aspheric surfaces of the collimating lens and the focus lens. The optical design software ZEMAX was used to simulate the beam path of the light from LED which went through the whole optical structure of the rain sensor. The result from the simulation proved that the collimating lens and the focus lens were very effective in improving the sensitivity and reaction speed of the rain sensor.
引文
[1] 徐业良. 雨刷科技科技雨刷. 汽车购买指南, 2002, 10: 12-15
[2] 谢望. 光电传感器技术的新发展及应用. 仪器仪表用户, 2005, 12(5) : 1-2
[3] 刘迎春, 叶湘宾. 传感器原理设计与应用. 第 4 版. 长沙: 国防科技大学出版社, 2002. 205-217
[4] 何勇, 王生泽. 光电传感器及其应用. 第 1 版. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2004. 183-203
[5] 屠其非, 陈捷, 周伟等. LED 信号灯二次光学设计. 照明工程学报, 2002, 13(1) : 11-14
[6] 施阳, 严卫生, 李俊等. MATLAB 语言精要及动态仿真工具 SIMULINK. 第 1 版. 西安: 西北工业大学出版社, 1997. 26-30
[7] 雷玉堂, 黎慧. 未来的照明光源-白光 LED 技术及其发展. 光学与光电技术, 2003, 1(5) : 33-34
[8] 何希才, 毛德柱. 新型半导体器件及应用实例. 第 1 版. 北京: 电子工业出版社,2002. 26-34
[9] 刘刚, 余岳辉, 史济群. 半导体器件-电力, 敏感, 光子, 微波器件. 第 1 版. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2000. 242-246
[10] 陈琼, 沈彦南, 李金国. LED 光强渐变效果模拟. 中国制造业信息化, 2005, 34(12) :66-68
[11] Burroughes J H, Bradley D D C, Brown A B, et al. Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers. Nature, 1990, 347: 539-541
[12] Gustafsson G, Cao Y, Tracy G M, et al. Flexible light-emitting diodes made from soluble conducing polymers. Nature, 1990, 357: 477-479
[13] Tang C W, Vanslyke S A, Chen C H. Electroluminescence of doped organic thin films. J Appl Phys, 1989, 65(9) : 3610-3616
[14] Vigrili T, Lidzey D G, Bradley D D C. Efficient energy transfer from blue to red in teraphenylporphyri-droped poly light-emitting diodes. Adv Mater, 2000, 12(1) : 58-62
[15] Chen F C, Yang Y, Thompson M E, et al. High-performance polymer light-emittingdiodes doped with a red phosphorescent iridium complex. Appl Phys Lett, 2002, 80(13) : 2308-2310
[16] Gong X, Ostrowski J C, JBazan G C, et al. Red electrophosphorescence from polymer doped with iridium complex. Appl Phys Lett, 2003, 81(20) : 3711-3713
[17] 张平. MATLAB 基础与应用简明教程. 第 1 版. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2001. 77-78
[18] 刘志俭. MATLAB 应用程序接口用户指南. 第 1 版. 北京: 科学出版社, 2000. 14-23
[19] MATLAB Application Program Interface Guide. Math Works Ins. 1998
[20] MATLAB Application Program Interface Reference. Math Works Ins. 1998
[21] 张以谟. 应用光学. 第 2 版. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1982.45-52
[22] 钟锡华. 现代光学基础. 第 1 版. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2003. 6-16
[23] 陈琼, 刘红, 李金国等. LED 光源模型研究. 灯与照明, 2005, 29(3) : 58-61
[24] 张新. 集成菲涅二微透镜的准直微光源. 光机电信息, 1996, 13(9) : 11-12
[25] Robert D Guenther. Modern Optics. John Wiley & Sons, 1990
[26] R S Longhurst. Geometrical and Physical Optics. Longman. 1984
[27] Jurgen R Meyer-Arendt. Introduction to Classical and Modern Optics. Prentice Hall Inc. 1984
[28] S G Lipson, H Lipson. Optical Physics. Cambridge University Press. 1981
[29] 郝玉英. 薄透镜的等光程性证明. 山西矿业学院学报, 1996, 14(4) : 362-367
[30] 李涛, 贺勇军, 刘志俭等. MATLAB 工具箱应用指南-应用数学篇. 第 1 版. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2000. 259-260
[31] 王楚, 汤俊雄. 光学. 第 1 版. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2001. 4-5
[32] Klarner G, Lee J, Davey M H, et al. Exciton migration and trapping in copolymers based on dialkylfluorenes. Adv Mater, 1999, 11(2) : 115-119
[33] Bernius M T, Inbasekaran M, Brien J, et al.progress with light-emitting polymers. Adv Mater, 2000, 13(23) : 1737-1750
[34] Klaerner G, Miller R D. Polyfluorene derivatives: effective conjugation lengths from well-defined oligomers. Macromolecules, 1998, 31(6) : 2007-2009
[35] 高文琦. 光学. 第 2 版. 南京: 南京大学出版社, 2000. 1-6
[36] Beaupre S, Leclerc M. Fluorene-based copolymers for red-light-emitting diodes. Adv Funct Mater, 2002, 12(3) : 192-196
[37] Hou Q, Xu Y, Yang W, et al. Novel red-emitting fluorine-based copolymers. J Mater chem, 2002, 12(10) : 2887-2892
[38] Yang R, Tian R, Hou Q, et al. Synthesis and optical and electroluminescent properties of novel conjugated copolymers derived from fluorne and benzoselenadrazole. Macromolecules, 2003, 36(20) : 7453-7460
[39] 胡鸿璋, 凌世德. 应用光学原理. 第 1 版. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1993. 112-133
[40] Yang J, Jiang C, Zhang Y, et al. High-efficiency saturated red emitting polymers derived from fluorine and naphthoselenadiazole. Macromolecules, 2004, 37(17) : 1211-1218
[41] Becker H, Spreitzer H, Kreuder W, et al. Soluble PPVs with enhanced performance-a mechanictic approach. Adv Mater, 2000, 12(16) : 42-48
[42] Campell A J, Bradley D D C, Antoniadis H.Dispersive eletron transport in an electroluminescent polyfluorene copolymer measured by the current integration time-of-flight method. Appl Phys Lett, 2001, 79(14) : 2133-2135
[43] Corcoran N, Arias A C, Kim J S, et al. Increased efficiency in vertically segregated thin-film conjugated polymer blends for light-emitting diodes. Appl Phys Lett, 2003, 82(2) : 299-301
[44] Dietmar Kohn, Jakob Schillinger. Stroke sensing device. Proceeding of 4th iNternational Solid sensor and Actuators Conference. 418-422
[2] 谢望. 光电传感器技术的新发展及应用. 仪器仪表用户, 2005, 12(5) : 1-2
[3] 刘迎春, 叶湘宾. 传感器原理设计与应用. 第 4 版. 长沙: 国防科技大学出版社, 2002. 205-217
[4] 何勇, 王生泽. 光电传感器及其应用. 第 1 版. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2004. 183-203
[5] 屠其非, 陈捷, 周伟等. LED 信号灯二次光学设计. 照明工程学报, 2002, 13(1) : 11-14
[6] 施阳, 严卫生, 李俊等. MATLAB 语言精要及动态仿真工具 SIMULINK. 第 1 版. 西安: 西北工业大学出版社, 1997. 26-30
[7] 雷玉堂, 黎慧. 未来的照明光源-白光 LED 技术及其发展. 光学与光电技术, 2003, 1(5) : 33-34
[8] 何希才, 毛德柱. 新型半导体器件及应用实例. 第 1 版. 北京: 电子工业出版社,2002. 26-34
[9] 刘刚, 余岳辉, 史济群. 半导体器件-电力, 敏感, 光子, 微波器件. 第 1 版. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2000. 242-246
[10] 陈琼, 沈彦南, 李金国. LED 光强渐变效果模拟. 中国制造业信息化, 2005, 34(12) :66-68
[11] Burroughes J H, Bradley D D C, Brown A B, et al. Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers. Nature, 1990, 347: 539-541
[12] Gustafsson G, Cao Y, Tracy G M, et al. Flexible light-emitting diodes made from soluble conducing polymers. Nature, 1990, 357: 477-479
[13] Tang C W, Vanslyke S A, Chen C H. Electroluminescence of doped organic thin films. J Appl Phys, 1989, 65(9) : 3610-3616
[14] Vigrili T, Lidzey D G, Bradley D D C. Efficient energy transfer from blue to red in teraphenylporphyri-droped poly light-emitting diodes. Adv Mater, 2000, 12(1) : 58-62
[15] Chen F C, Yang Y, Thompson M E, et al. High-performance polymer light-emittingdiodes doped with a red phosphorescent iridium complex. Appl Phys Lett, 2002, 80(13) : 2308-2310
[16] Gong X, Ostrowski J C, JBazan G C, et al. Red electrophosphorescence from polymer doped with iridium complex. Appl Phys Lett, 2003, 81(20) : 3711-3713
[17] 张平. MATLAB 基础与应用简明教程. 第 1 版. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2001. 77-78
[18] 刘志俭. MATLAB 应用程序接口用户指南. 第 1 版. 北京: 科学出版社, 2000. 14-23
[19] MATLAB Application Program Interface Guide. Math Works Ins. 1998
[20] MATLAB Application Program Interface Reference. Math Works Ins. 1998
[21] 张以谟. 应用光学. 第 2 版. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1982.45-52
[22] 钟锡华. 现代光学基础. 第 1 版. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2003. 6-16
[23] 陈琼, 刘红, 李金国等. LED 光源模型研究. 灯与照明, 2005, 29(3) : 58-61
[24] 张新. 集成菲涅二微透镜的准直微光源. 光机电信息, 1996, 13(9) : 11-12
[25] Robert D Guenther. Modern Optics. John Wiley & Sons, 1990
[26] R S Longhurst. Geometrical and Physical Optics. Longman. 1984
[27] Jurgen R Meyer-Arendt. Introduction to Classical and Modern Optics. Prentice Hall Inc. 1984
[28] S G Lipson, H Lipson. Optical Physics. Cambridge University Press. 1981
[29] 郝玉英. 薄透镜的等光程性证明. 山西矿业学院学报, 1996, 14(4) : 362-367
[30] 李涛, 贺勇军, 刘志俭等. MATLAB 工具箱应用指南-应用数学篇. 第 1 版. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2000. 259-260
[31] 王楚, 汤俊雄. 光学. 第 1 版. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2001. 4-5
[32] Klarner G, Lee J, Davey M H, et al. Exciton migration and trapping in copolymers based on dialkylfluorenes. Adv Mater, 1999, 11(2) : 115-119
[33] Bernius M T, Inbasekaran M, Brien J, et al.progress with light-emitting polymers. Adv Mater, 2000, 13(23) : 1737-1750
[34] Klaerner G, Miller R D. Polyfluorene derivatives: effective conjugation lengths from well-defined oligomers. Macromolecules, 1998, 31(6) : 2007-2009
[35] 高文琦. 光学. 第 2 版. 南京: 南京大学出版社, 2000. 1-6
[36] Beaupre S, Leclerc M. Fluorene-based copolymers for red-light-emitting diodes. Adv Funct Mater, 2002, 12(3) : 192-196
[37] Hou Q, Xu Y, Yang W, et al. Novel red-emitting fluorine-based copolymers. J Mater chem, 2002, 12(10) : 2887-2892
[38] Yang R, Tian R, Hou Q, et al. Synthesis and optical and electroluminescent properties of novel conjugated copolymers derived from fluorne and benzoselenadrazole. Macromolecules, 2003, 36(20) : 7453-7460
[39] 胡鸿璋, 凌世德. 应用光学原理. 第 1 版. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1993. 112-133
[40] Yang J, Jiang C, Zhang Y, et al. High-efficiency saturated red emitting polymers derived from fluorine and naphthoselenadiazole. Macromolecules, 2004, 37(17) : 1211-1218
[41] Becker H, Spreitzer H, Kreuder W, et al. Soluble PPVs with enhanced performance-a mechanictic approach. Adv Mater, 2000, 12(16) : 42-48
[42] Campell A J, Bradley D D C, Antoniadis H.Dispersive eletron transport in an electroluminescent polyfluorene copolymer measured by the current integration time-of-flight method. Appl Phys Lett, 2001, 79(14) : 2133-2135
[43] Corcoran N, Arias A C, Kim J S, et al. Increased efficiency in vertically segregated thin-film conjugated polymer blends for light-emitting diodes. Appl Phys Lett, 2003, 82(2) : 299-301
[44] Dietmar Kohn, Jakob Schillinger. Stroke sensing device. Proceeding of 4th iNternational Solid sensor and Actuators Conference. 418-422