红外焦平面成像系统的降噪处理及电源设计
摘要
红外热成像系统的研究对我国国防建设以及国民生活都有着非常重要的意义。红外焦平面成像系统更是以其响应速度快、分辨率高、尺寸小等优点在红外热成像系统中占有重要的地位。本文围绕噪声处理这条主线,深入的研究了系统的FPGA降噪处理和低噪声、高效率的电源设计。
首先,论文介绍了红外热成像技术的发展现状,阐述了红外焦平面成像系统的特点,进而引出FPGA降噪处理和系统电源设计在红外热成像系统中的重要作用,以及本系统对这两方面设计的具体要求。
其次,介绍了整机系统中的FPGA降噪处理设计,并分别从FPGA的硬件配置和软件程序设计两方面进行了阐述。其中,FPGA所承担的工作包括探测器的驱动、数据格式的匹配、相关多采样和2D-TDI两种降噪算法。最后围绕系统的FPGA设计,将数字逻辑设计中所遇到的问题和解决方案进行了总结。
再次,介绍了电源设计的基本原理,信号完整性的问题,并且在理论上对电源滤波器的设计进行了分析,得出热成像系统中电源设计的理论依据。进而围绕所论述的理论基础,将系统中的电源设计进行了详细的分析,并给出了相关的测试结果。在此基础之上,以电源信号完整性和电源滤波网络的选取为着眼点,就系统电源降噪过程中所涉及到的去耦电容、PCB设计以及滤波器设计等问题进行了总结,同时提出了电源系统小型化设计的解决方案,希望对今后的进一步研究提供参考。
最后,对红外热成像系统中的FPGA降噪处理和系统电源设计做了一个总结,指出了不足之处,为进一步的改进打下基础。
The infrared thermal imaging system plays important function in military and civilian affairs. Depending on faster response speed, higher resolution, and smaller bulk, the infrared focal plane array thermal imaging system holds an important position in infrared fields. Based on the noise processing in system, further research on FPGA program with denoising algorithm and design the power circuit with lower noise and high efficiency.
Firstly, the development of infrared imaging system is reviewed briefly, and the characteristics of the system are expatiated. In this way, the important function of the power system and the FPGA algorithm is advanced and discussed elaborately.
Next, the FPGA program with denoising algorithm is discussed in this paper, including both the hardware and the software. The FPGA function includes driving program, data matching, correlated multi-sampling and 2D-TDI algorithm. In the end of this part, the questions and the solutions of FPGA design are discussed as a whole.
In addition,the basic theory and the signal integrity analysis are interpreted. Based on this theory, the power- filter is analyzed. Then, the theory of system power design is prepared. In the following part of this paper, the power circuit is analyzed, and then the lower noise of the output is measured. According to the results, the decoupling capacitor, PCB design and the filter in the process of lowing noise are expatiated. At last, the blue print of miniaturization is brought forward for the future.
Finally, a summary is given about the FPGA program with denoising algorithm and the power circuit with lower noise , and the insufficiency is presented. All of these are the basis of the following research on the infrared focal plane array imaging system.
首先,论文介绍了红外热成像技术的发展现状,阐述了红外焦平面成像系统的特点,进而引出FPGA降噪处理和系统电源设计在红外热成像系统中的重要作用,以及本系统对这两方面设计的具体要求。
其次,介绍了整机系统中的FPGA降噪处理设计,并分别从FPGA的硬件配置和软件程序设计两方面进行了阐述。其中,FPGA所承担的工作包括探测器的驱动、数据格式的匹配、相关多采样和2D-TDI两种降噪算法。最后围绕系统的FPGA设计,将数字逻辑设计中所遇到的问题和解决方案进行了总结。
再次,介绍了电源设计的基本原理,信号完整性的问题,并且在理论上对电源滤波器的设计进行了分析,得出热成像系统中电源设计的理论依据。进而围绕所论述的理论基础,将系统中的电源设计进行了详细的分析,并给出了相关的测试结果。在此基础之上,以电源信号完整性和电源滤波网络的选取为着眼点,就系统电源降噪过程中所涉及到的去耦电容、PCB设计以及滤波器设计等问题进行了总结,同时提出了电源系统小型化设计的解决方案,希望对今后的进一步研究提供参考。
最后,对红外热成像系统中的FPGA降噪处理和系统电源设计做了一个总结,指出了不足之处,为进一步的改进打下基础。
The infrared thermal imaging system plays important function in military and civilian affairs. Depending on faster response speed, higher resolution, and smaller bulk, the infrared focal plane array thermal imaging system holds an important position in infrared fields. Based on the noise processing in system, further research on FPGA program with denoising algorithm and design the power circuit with lower noise and high efficiency.
Firstly, the development of infrared imaging system is reviewed briefly, and the characteristics of the system are expatiated. In this way, the important function of the power system and the FPGA algorithm is advanced and discussed elaborately.
Next, the FPGA program with denoising algorithm is discussed in this paper, including both the hardware and the software. The FPGA function includes driving program, data matching, correlated multi-sampling and 2D-TDI algorithm. In the end of this part, the questions and the solutions of FPGA design are discussed as a whole.
In addition,the basic theory and the signal integrity analysis are interpreted. Based on this theory, the power- filter is analyzed. Then, the theory of system power design is prepared. In the following part of this paper, the power circuit is analyzed, and then the lower noise of the output is measured. According to the results, the decoupling capacitor, PCB design and the filter in the process of lowing noise are expatiated. At last, the blue print of miniaturization is brought forward for the future.
Finally, a summary is given about the FPGA program with denoising algorithm and the power circuit with lower noise , and the insufficiency is presented. All of these are the basis of the following research on the infrared focal plane array imaging system.
引文
[1]吴继华,王诚.Altera FPGA/CPLD设计(高级篇).北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[2]侯伯亨,顾新.VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[3]周祖成.电子设计硬件描述语言VHDL,北京学苑出版社,1994
[4]Rafael C.Gonzalez,Richard E.Woods著,阮秋琦,阮宇智译.数字图像处理.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[5]Smair Palnitkar,夏宇闻等译.Verilog数字设计与综合(第二版).电子工业出版社,2004
[6]Douglasl L.Perry.VHDL.New York:McGraw-Hill,1991
[7]侯振义.直流开关电源技术及应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[8]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[9]周志敏,周纪海.开关电源实用技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[10]付永庆.网络分析导论.啥尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2004
[11]陈奕匡.滤波器的设计.北京:人民邮电出版社,1959
[12]刘卓贡.EPS电源滤波电路的建模和仿真,同济大学硕士学位论文,2007
[13]周淑阁.模拟电子技术基础:高等教育出版社,2004
[14]李小平.高速PCB的信号完整性、电源完整性和电磁兼容性研究.四川大学硕士学位论文,2005
[15]李玉山,李丽平.信号完整性分析.电子工业出版社,2005
[16]曾峰.PowerPCB高速电子电路设计与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[17]蔡毅.红外系统中的扫描型和凝视型FPA.红外技术,2007,23(1):3-7
[18]张红军.红外热成像测温技术及其应用.船舶工程,2007,29(2):11-12
[19]Howard V.Kennedy.Modeling second-generation thermal imaging systems.Optical Engineering,1991,30(11):1771-1778
[20]R.K.Willardson,EiekeR.Weber.Uncooled Infrared Imaging Arrays and Systems.Semiconductors and Semimetals,1997,21(13):381-410
[21]古良玲,杨永明,郭巧惠.基于FPGA的半整数及整数分频器的参数化设计.电子器件,2005(2):404-406
[22]朱为.FPGA器件及其应用.电子器件,1996(4):287-291
[23]顾国华,冯国进,陈钱,张保民.二维时间延迟积分红外图像实时增强处理技术.红外技术,2004,26(6):86-88
[24]雷春,张保民.红外系统的2D-TDI方法及其增强处理.红外与毫米波学报,2003,19(6):445-448
[25]曾祥鸿,刘慧.320×240非制冷红外焦平面阵列驱动电路的设计.现代电子技术,2005(20):40-41
[26]王勇,李德华.高速视频处理系统中的信号完整性分析.电子技术应用,2004(11):65-66
[27]白同云.高速PCB电源完整性研究.中国电子科学研究院学报,2006(1):22-30
[28]姜保军,孙力,赵克.EMI滤波器阻抗失配与EMI信号的有效抑制.电机与控制学报,2006(3):252-259
[29]曹才开.开关电源电磁干扰滤波器插入损耗的研究.通信电源技术,2003(5):17-21
[30]张逸成,韦华,朱学军,姚勇涛,沈玉琢.开关电源输入滤波器的阻抗匹配.低压电器,2006(12):3-6
[31]杨鹏飞.高速PCB中的电源分配系统设计.http://www.fiberhome.com.cn
[32]曹会宾.低压差线性稳压器(LDO)浅谈.http://www.eetchina.com
[33]Popovich.M,Fridman.E.G.Noise coupling in multi-voltage power distribution system with decoupling capacitors.Circuits and System,2005,4:620-623
[34]Qian Liu,Shuo Wang,Baisden.A.C,Fei Wang,Boroyevich.D.EMI Suppression in Voltage Source Converters by Utilizing de-link Deeoupling Capacitors.Digital Object Identifier,2007,22:1417-1428
[35]Downing.R,Gebler.P,Katopis.G.Deeoupling capacitor effects on switching noise.Components,Hybrids,and Manufacturing Technology,1993,6:484-489
[36]Jongkwan Song,Yong Hoon Lee.Linear combination of weighted order statistic filters:canonical structure and optimal design.Circuits and System:Analog and Digital Signal Processing,1996,43:349-362
[37]PK.Saha and Jim Dowling.Reliable Prediction of EM radiation from a PCB at the design stage of electronic equipment.IEEE Trans on EMC,1998,40:351-367
[2]侯伯亨,顾新.VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[3]周祖成.电子设计硬件描述语言VHDL,北京学苑出版社,1994
[4]Rafael C.Gonzalez,Richard E.Woods著,阮秋琦,阮宇智译.数字图像处理.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[5]Smair Palnitkar,夏宇闻等译.Verilog数字设计与综合(第二版).电子工业出版社,2004
[6]Douglasl L.Perry.VHDL.New York:McGraw-Hill,1991
[7]侯振义.直流开关电源技术及应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[8]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[9]周志敏,周纪海.开关电源实用技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[10]付永庆.网络分析导论.啥尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2004
[11]陈奕匡.滤波器的设计.北京:人民邮电出版社,1959
[12]刘卓贡.EPS电源滤波电路的建模和仿真,同济大学硕士学位论文,2007
[13]周淑阁.模拟电子技术基础:高等教育出版社,2004
[14]李小平.高速PCB的信号完整性、电源完整性和电磁兼容性研究.四川大学硕士学位论文,2005
[15]李玉山,李丽平.信号完整性分析.电子工业出版社,2005
[16]曾峰.PowerPCB高速电子电路设计与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[17]蔡毅.红外系统中的扫描型和凝视型FPA.红外技术,2007,23(1):3-7
[18]张红军.红外热成像测温技术及其应用.船舶工程,2007,29(2):11-12
[19]Howard V.Kennedy.Modeling second-generation thermal imaging systems.Optical Engineering,1991,30(11):1771-1778
[20]R.K.Willardson,EiekeR.Weber.Uncooled Infrared Imaging Arrays and Systems.Semiconductors and Semimetals,1997,21(13):381-410
[21]古良玲,杨永明,郭巧惠.基于FPGA的半整数及整数分频器的参数化设计.电子器件,2005(2):404-406
[22]朱为.FPGA器件及其应用.电子器件,1996(4):287-291
[23]顾国华,冯国进,陈钱,张保民.二维时间延迟积分红外图像实时增强处理技术.红外技术,2004,26(6):86-88
[24]雷春,张保民.红外系统的2D-TDI方法及其增强处理.红外与毫米波学报,2003,19(6):445-448
[25]曾祥鸿,刘慧.320×240非制冷红外焦平面阵列驱动电路的设计.现代电子技术,2005(20):40-41
[26]王勇,李德华.高速视频处理系统中的信号完整性分析.电子技术应用,2004(11):65-66
[27]白同云.高速PCB电源完整性研究.中国电子科学研究院学报,2006(1):22-30
[28]姜保军,孙力,赵克.EMI滤波器阻抗失配与EMI信号的有效抑制.电机与控制学报,2006(3):252-259
[29]曹才开.开关电源电磁干扰滤波器插入损耗的研究.通信电源技术,2003(5):17-21
[30]张逸成,韦华,朱学军,姚勇涛,沈玉琢.开关电源输入滤波器的阻抗匹配.低压电器,2006(12):3-6
[31]杨鹏飞.高速PCB中的电源分配系统设计.http://www.fiberhome.com.cn
[32]曹会宾.低压差线性稳压器(LDO)浅谈.http://www.eetchina.com
[33]Popovich.M,Fridman.E.G.Noise coupling in multi-voltage power distribution system with decoupling capacitors.Circuits and System,2005,4:620-623
[34]Qian Liu,Shuo Wang,Baisden.A.C,Fei Wang,Boroyevich.D.EMI Suppression in Voltage Source Converters by Utilizing de-link Deeoupling Capacitors.Digital Object Identifier,2007,22:1417-1428
[35]Downing.R,Gebler.P,Katopis.G.Deeoupling capacitor effects on switching noise.Components,Hybrids,and Manufacturing Technology,1993,6:484-489
[36]Jongkwan Song,Yong Hoon Lee.Linear combination of weighted order statistic filters:canonical structure and optimal design.Circuits and System:Analog and Digital Signal Processing,1996,43:349-362
[37]PK.Saha and Jim Dowling.Reliable Prediction of EM radiation from a PCB at the design stage of electronic equipment.IEEE Trans on EMC,1998,40:351-367