隐身目标毫米波辐射特性研究
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摘要
本文是国防重点科研课题：“两栖战车的毫米波辐射特征控制技术”的重要组成部分。对隐身目标的毫米波辐射特性进行了研究。
首先讨论了一般目标的毫米波辐射特性建模和测量原理。接着讨论了表征目标辐射特性的视在温度的反演算法。在完成理论准备后，利用电磁场理论建立了隐身涂层材料的天线温度模型，给出了天线温度与涂层材料的厚度、相对介电常数、相对磁导率之间的定量关系。在此模型的基础上，用神经网络迭代法从测得的天线温度反演了隐身涂层材料的的相对介电常数、相对磁导率。最后分析了3mm涂层目标对辐射计的隐身机理，提出了一种评价隐身涂料对辐射计隐身效果的方法。
This paper is an important part of Native Defense scientific research fund task "the control technology for MMW radiation characters of amphibian tanks". Study the radiation characters of stealth objects.
First, this paper discusses the modeling and measuring of objects' radiation characters. Then studies the inversion algorithm of retrieving the brightness temperature. The brightness temperature denotes the objects radiation characters. After those models the radiometer antenna temperature of the coating stealth material using the theory of electromagnetic field. This model proposes the quantitative relations among the antenna temperature, material thickness, material relative permittivity and material relative permeability. Based on the model, retrieves the relative permittivity and relative permeability of the coating- material by iterative inversion of a neural network from the measured antenna temperature. At last, analysis the stealth principles to radiometer of 3mm coating stealth material and provides a method to estimate the stealth results.
首先讨论了一般目标的毫米波辐射特性建模和测量原理。接着讨论了表征目标辐射特性的视在温度的反演算法。在完成理论准备后，利用电磁场理论建立了隐身涂层材料的天线温度模型，给出了天线温度与涂层材料的厚度、相对介电常数、相对磁导率之间的定量关系。在此模型的基础上，用神经网络迭代法从测得的天线温度反演了隐身涂层材料的的相对介电常数、相对磁导率。最后分析了3mm涂层目标对辐射计的隐身机理，提出了一种评价隐身涂料对辐射计隐身效果的方法。
This paper is an important part of Native Defense scientific research fund task "the control technology for MMW radiation characters of amphibian tanks". Study the radiation characters of stealth objects.
First, this paper discusses the modeling and measuring of objects' radiation characters. Then studies the inversion algorithm of retrieving the brightness temperature. The brightness temperature denotes the objects radiation characters. After those models the radiometer antenna temperature of the coating stealth material using the theory of electromagnetic field. This model proposes the quantitative relations among the antenna temperature, material thickness, material relative permittivity and material relative permeability. Based on the model, retrieves the relative permittivity and relative permeability of the coating- material by iterative inversion of a neural network from the measured antenna temperature. At last, analysis the stealth principles to radiometer of 3mm coating stealth material and provides a method to estimate the stealth results.
引文
1．李兴国．毫米波近感技术及其应用．第1版．北京；国防工业出版社，1991
2．刁育才，左凤琴．毫米波技术及其军事应用．第1版．北京：兵器工业出版社，1991
3．薛良金编著．毫米波工程基础．第1版．北京：国防工业出版社，1998．9
4．[美] K．J．巴顿，J．C．威尔茨．毫米波系统．第1版．北京：国防工业出版社，1989．10
5．黎滨洪，周希朗．毫米波技术及其应用．第1版．上海：上海交通大学出版社，1959
6．阮成礼．毫米波理论与技术．第1版．成都：电子科技大学出版社，2000．12
7．谢寿生，徐永进．微波遥感技术与应用．第1版．北京：电子工业出版社，1987．8
8．张祖荫 林士杰．微波辐射测量技术及应用．第1版．北京：电子工业出版社，1995
9．D．Hanselman，B．Littlefield．Mastering Matlab 6．张航，黄攀译．精通Matlab6．第1版．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．6
10．萝珊智慧型科技工作室．MATLAB 5．X入门与应用．第1版．北京：科学出版社，1999
11．娄国伟、李兴国、汪敏．毫米波涂层隐身材料吸波性能的测试研究．红外与毫米波学报．2000(19)
12．彭树生、李兴国．毫米波辐射计反空中涂层隐身飞机的分析．红外与毫米波学报．1998(17)
13．吴明忠，刘怀忠．雷达吸波材料的吸收性能预测．上海航天．第1期，1998
14．张立民．人工神经网络的模型及其应用．第1版．上海：复旦大学大学出版社，1993
15．彭树生、李兴国．主动毫米波辐射计反空中涂层隐身研究．系统工程与电子技术．1998(4)
16．李青侠 郭伟．面目标毫米波辐射特性研究．红外与激光工程．Vol 27，No4，1998
17．张瑜．微波辐射计对隐身飞行物的测量与定位方法．现代电子．2001(1)
18．彭树生 李兴国．微波辐射计的功率非线性对标定天线温度的影响．微波学报．Vol 13，No4．1997
19．汪敏 李兴国．毫米波辐射计的波形模拟与目标识别．红外与毫米波学报．Vol17，No4．1998
20．汪宏七 赵高祥．陆面温度的反演算法和大气订正的影响．红外与毫米波学报．Vol 19．No1．2000
21．饶克谨 赵伯琳．无金属基底吸波结构对TE波的反射．电子科技大学学报．Vol 27，No2．1998
22．黄洁．雷达吸波涂料概述．涂料与应用．Vol 32，No1．2001
23．付伟．飞机的红外辐射抑制技术．光机电信息．2002(10)
24．侯振宁．红外隐身技术．国防技术基础．2002(2)
25．邹谋炎．反卷积和信号复原．第1版．北京：国防工业出版社 2001
26．李青侠．人工神经网络用于面目标微波辐射特性数据处理的研究．华中理工大学博士论文．1999
27．肖志辉．微波辐射计定标关键理论与实验研究 华中科技大学博士论文，2001
28. D. T. Davis, Z. Chen, L. Tsang, and A. T. C. Chang, Retrieval of snow parameters by iterative inversion of a neural network, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 31, pp. 842-852, July 1993.
29. J. T. Holmes, C. A. Balanis and W. M. Truman, Application of Fourier Transforms for Microwave Radiometric Inversions, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. Vol. AP-23,No.6. pp.797-806, 1975.
30. A. Stogryn, Estimates of Brightness Temperatures from Scanning Radiometer Data, IEEE Trans. Antennas Progagat, Vol.Ap-26,No.5 pp.720-726,1978.
31. Paul F D. Microwave Absorbers. Microwave Journal. 1993(11): 88-94
32. P. Basili O. Ciotti E. Fionda; Accuracy of physical,statistical and neural network based algorithms for the retrieval of atmospheric water by ground-based microwave radiometry, IGARSS'98. Vol.1 pp418-420 Jul 1998
33. K. Foster,. T.Hewison, The absolute calibration of total power millimeter-wave airborne radiometers, IGARSS '98., Vol.1 pp384-386 Jul 1998
34. H.Nakano, Y. Kato, A broadband microwave radiometer using correlation technique, Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest, pp596-597, Jul 1998
35. J.R. Piepmeier, A.J.Gasiewski, J.E.Almodovar, Advances in microwave digital radiometry IGARSS 2000. Vol.7 pp2830-2833 2000
36. Shunlin Liang, Inversion of land surface temperature and emissivity simultaneously from miltispectral thermal infrared imagery IGARSS 2000. Vol 7, pp3133-3135 2000
37. S.A.Shilo, V.A. Komyak, Yu.N. Muskin, V.A..Berezhnoy, MM-band radiometric systerm for contraband detection applications, The Fourth International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Millimeter and Sub-Millimeter Waves, Vol
1, pp463-465 2001
38. B.Davis, E.Kim, J.Piepmeier, Stochastic modeling of correlation radiometer signals, Antennas and Propagation Society, 2001 IEEE International Sym, Vol 1, pp448-451 2001
39. J.Piepmeier, P.Racette etc. An Airborne Conical Scanning Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer(CoSMIR). IGARSS'01. Vol 2, pp.894-896, 2001
40. John Witzel. The Radiometer:A 130-Year-Old Mystery.IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine, Vol 5 No. 3,pp.60-61 Sep 2002
41. Li Li, J. Vivekanandan, C. H. Chan, Leung Tsang, Microwave radiometric technique to retrieve vapor, liquid and ice,part1-Development of a neural network-based inversion method. IEEE Trans on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol 35, NO. 2, pp224-236, Mar 1997
42. Del Frate F, Schiavon.G. A neural network algorithm for the retrieval of atmospheric profdes from radiometric data IEEE 1997 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, vol4 pp2097-2099,1997.
43. David.M, Le Vine. Synthetic Aperture Radiometer Systems IEEE Trans on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 47, no. 12, pp2228-2236, Dec 1999
44. Lu Y, Zhang Z Y, Guo W. Brightness Temperature Emitted By Layered Media with Nonuniform Temperature Profile. Int. J. Infrared & Millimeter Waves, 1996, 17(9); pp1567-1571
2．刁育才，左凤琴．毫米波技术及其军事应用．第1版．北京：兵器工业出版社，1991
3．薛良金编著．毫米波工程基础．第1版．北京：国防工业出版社，1998．9
4．[美] K．J．巴顿，J．C．威尔茨．毫米波系统．第1版．北京：国防工业出版社，1989．10
5．黎滨洪，周希朗．毫米波技术及其应用．第1版．上海：上海交通大学出版社，1959
6．阮成礼．毫米波理论与技术．第1版．成都：电子科技大学出版社，2000．12
7．谢寿生，徐永进．微波遥感技术与应用．第1版．北京：电子工业出版社，1987．8
8．张祖荫 林士杰．微波辐射测量技术及应用．第1版．北京：电子工业出版社，1995
9．D．Hanselman，B．Littlefield．Mastering Matlab 6．张航，黄攀译．精通Matlab6．第1版．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．6
10．萝珊智慧型科技工作室．MATLAB 5．X入门与应用．第1版．北京：科学出版社，1999
11．娄国伟、李兴国、汪敏．毫米波涂层隐身材料吸波性能的测试研究．红外与毫米波学报．2000(19)
12．彭树生、李兴国．毫米波辐射计反空中涂层隐身飞机的分析．红外与毫米波学报．1998(17)
13．吴明忠，刘怀忠．雷达吸波材料的吸收性能预测．上海航天．第1期，1998
14．张立民．人工神经网络的模型及其应用．第1版．上海：复旦大学大学出版社，1993
15．彭树生、李兴国．主动毫米波辐射计反空中涂层隐身研究．系统工程与电子技术．1998(4)
16．李青侠 郭伟．面目标毫米波辐射特性研究．红外与激光工程．Vol 27，No4，1998
17．张瑜．微波辐射计对隐身飞行物的测量与定位方法．现代电子．2001(1)
18．彭树生 李兴国．微波辐射计的功率非线性对标定天线温度的影响．微波学报．Vol 13，No4．1997
19．汪敏 李兴国．毫米波辐射计的波形模拟与目标识别．红外与毫米波学报．Vol17，No4．1998
20．汪宏七 赵高祥．陆面温度的反演算法和大气订正的影响．红外与毫米波学报．Vol 19．No1．2000
21．饶克谨 赵伯琳．无金属基底吸波结构对TE波的反射．电子科技大学学报．Vol 27，No2．1998
22．黄洁．雷达吸波涂料概述．涂料与应用．Vol 32，No1．2001
23．付伟．飞机的红外辐射抑制技术．光机电信息．2002(10)
24．侯振宁．红外隐身技术．国防技术基础．2002(2)
25．邹谋炎．反卷积和信号复原．第1版．北京：国防工业出版社 2001
26．李青侠．人工神经网络用于面目标微波辐射特性数据处理的研究．华中理工大学博士论文．1999
27．肖志辉．微波辐射计定标关键理论与实验研究 华中科技大学博士论文，2001
28. D. T. Davis, Z. Chen, L. Tsang, and A. T. C. Chang, Retrieval of snow parameters by iterative inversion of a neural network, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 31, pp. 842-852, July 1993.
29. J. T. Holmes, C. A. Balanis and W. M. Truman, Application of Fourier Transforms for Microwave Radiometric Inversions, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. Vol. AP-23,No.6. pp.797-806, 1975.
30. A. Stogryn, Estimates of Brightness Temperatures from Scanning Radiometer Data, IEEE Trans. Antennas Progagat, Vol.Ap-26,No.5 pp.720-726,1978.
31. Paul F D. Microwave Absorbers. Microwave Journal. 1993(11): 88-94
32. P. Basili O. Ciotti E. Fionda; Accuracy of physical,statistical and neural network based algorithms for the retrieval of atmospheric water by ground-based microwave radiometry, IGARSS'98. Vol.1 pp418-420 Jul 1998
33. K. Foster,. T.Hewison, The absolute calibration of total power millimeter-wave airborne radiometers, IGARSS '98., Vol.1 pp384-386 Jul 1998
34. H.Nakano, Y. Kato, A broadband microwave radiometer using correlation technique, Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest, pp596-597, Jul 1998
35. J.R. Piepmeier, A.J.Gasiewski, J.E.Almodovar, Advances in microwave digital radiometry IGARSS 2000. Vol.7 pp2830-2833 2000
36. Shunlin Liang, Inversion of land surface temperature and emissivity simultaneously from miltispectral thermal infrared imagery IGARSS 2000. Vol 7, pp3133-3135 2000
37. S.A.Shilo, V.A. Komyak, Yu.N. Muskin, V.A..Berezhnoy, MM-band radiometric systerm for contraband detection applications, The Fourth International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Millimeter and Sub-Millimeter Waves, Vol
1, pp463-465 2001
38. B.Davis, E.Kim, J.Piepmeier, Stochastic modeling of correlation radiometer signals, Antennas and Propagation Society, 2001 IEEE International Sym, Vol 1, pp448-451 2001
39. J.Piepmeier, P.Racette etc. An Airborne Conical Scanning Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer(CoSMIR). IGARSS'01. Vol 2, pp.894-896, 2001
40. John Witzel. The Radiometer:A 130-Year-Old Mystery.IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine, Vol 5 No. 3,pp.60-61 Sep 2002
41. Li Li, J. Vivekanandan, C. H. Chan, Leung Tsang, Microwave radiometric technique to retrieve vapor, liquid and ice,part1-Development of a neural network-based inversion method. IEEE Trans on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol 35, NO. 2, pp224-236, Mar 1997
42. Del Frate F, Schiavon.G. A neural network algorithm for the retrieval of atmospheric profdes from radiometric data IEEE 1997 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, vol4 pp2097-2099,1997.
43. David.M, Le Vine. Synthetic Aperture Radiometer Systems IEEE Trans on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 47, no. 12, pp2228-2236, Dec 1999
44. Lu Y, Zhang Z Y, Guo W. Brightness Temperature Emitted By Layered Media with Nonuniform Temperature Profile. Int. J. Infrared & Millimeter Waves, 1996, 17(9); pp1567-1571