离散颗粒对热喷流红外辐射特征影响规律研究
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摘要
气溶胶是目前针对飞机发动机喷口的热部件及发动机排出的高温燃气的3～5μm及8～14μm波段的红外辐射抑制的一种有效方法.气溶胶红外遮蔽的实质是利用悬浮的粒子对红外辐射能量的散射和吸收特性,达到抑制高温尾喷流红外辐射传输的效果。
为了从机理上研究粒子群衰减特性影响因素及规律,利用Mie理论编写了衰减系数计算程序,分析讨论了颗粒粒径、材料和浓度对衰减系数的影响规律,得出了最佳粒径的结论,并在最佳粒径的情况下计算分析了颗粒材料对衰减系数的影响规律;给出了部分材料在最佳粒径条件下的衰减特性,提出了多分散颗粒材料粒径的选取方法和影响规律,为今后颗粒选材提供了研究手段和参考依据。
设计并加工了一套试验系统,完成颗粒浓度、粒径和材料对粒子群衰减系数影响规律的试验研究,通过和计算结果对比,证明本文的计算方法是可行的。
以数值模拟研究为主要研究手段,开展了离散颗粒抑制热喷流红外辐射规律研究。其中,颗粒粒径对红外抑制率的影响比较大,本文研究范围内,粒径取1μm左右比较好;颗粒材料对红外抑制率的影响比较显著,所计算的四种材料以SiO_2和Graphite的抑制率较高;随着喷射质量的增加,抑制率显著增加,但这种增加并不随喷射质量的增加呈线性上升;喷射角度和喷射速度对红外抑制率的影响都不是非常显著。本文的研究成果能够为今后气溶胶在红外隐身领域的深入研究提供参考和帮助。
Aerosol obscure is one of effectual techniques of I.R. suppression, which has been applied to decrease the I.R. signature of hot air exhausted from aero engine in a few countries. Scattering and absorbing of I.R. energy can be combined together with the small particles suspended in obscure, and the transmission of I.R. will be reduced according to those.
In order to study the extinction character of particles, a calculation procedure was prepared by using the Mie theory, the extinction character of particles on particle diameter, material, volume concentration are simulated, come to the conclusion of the best diameter, the extinction character of particles on material was studied in conditions of best diameter. The result of this paper is quite useful to choose particle material and do further research of particle scattering.
Based on the infrared suppression of aerosol, this paper designed a test system for the attenuation of the particles. The experiments have been carried out to study the extinction character of particles on particle diameter, material, and volume concentration. Compared to the calculation results, the method of this paper is possible.
It was found in investigations that the rule of I.R. signature affected by the diameter of discrete particles was the most complicated. And there existed the best I.R. signature extinction when the diameter of particles was in the range of 1.0μm. The results presented that the I.R. signature is much more sensitive to the complex index. The I.R. signature was decreased greatly in the case of higher mass flow ratio. The I.R. signature was affected by ejection angle and jet velocity faintly. The research result of this paper will provide a valuable research measure for the related topic from now on.
为了从机理上研究粒子群衰减特性影响因素及规律,利用Mie理论编写了衰减系数计算程序,分析讨论了颗粒粒径、材料和浓度对衰减系数的影响规律,得出了最佳粒径的结论,并在最佳粒径的情况下计算分析了颗粒材料对衰减系数的影响规律;给出了部分材料在最佳粒径条件下的衰减特性,提出了多分散颗粒材料粒径的选取方法和影响规律,为今后颗粒选材提供了研究手段和参考依据。
设计并加工了一套试验系统,完成颗粒浓度、粒径和材料对粒子群衰减系数影响规律的试验研究,通过和计算结果对比,证明本文的计算方法是可行的。
以数值模拟研究为主要研究手段,开展了离散颗粒抑制热喷流红外辐射规律研究。其中,颗粒粒径对红外抑制率的影响比较大,本文研究范围内,粒径取1μm左右比较好;颗粒材料对红外抑制率的影响比较显著,所计算的四种材料以SiO_2和Graphite的抑制率较高;随着喷射质量的增加,抑制率显著增加,但这种增加并不随喷射质量的增加呈线性上升;喷射角度和喷射速度对红外抑制率的影响都不是非常显著。本文的研究成果能够为今后气溶胶在红外隐身领域的深入研究提供参考和帮助。
Aerosol obscure is one of effectual techniques of I.R. suppression, which has been applied to decrease the I.R. signature of hot air exhausted from aero engine in a few countries. Scattering and absorbing of I.R. energy can be combined together with the small particles suspended in obscure, and the transmission of I.R. will be reduced according to those.
In order to study the extinction character of particles, a calculation procedure was prepared by using the Mie theory, the extinction character of particles on particle diameter, material, volume concentration are simulated, come to the conclusion of the best diameter, the extinction character of particles on material was studied in conditions of best diameter. The result of this paper is quite useful to choose particle material and do further research of particle scattering.
Based on the infrared suppression of aerosol, this paper designed a test system for the attenuation of the particles. The experiments have been carried out to study the extinction character of particles on particle diameter, material, and volume concentration. Compared to the calculation results, the method of this paper is possible.
It was found in investigations that the rule of I.R. signature affected by the diameter of discrete particles was the most complicated. And there existed the best I.R. signature extinction when the diameter of particles was in the range of 1.0μm. The results presented that the I.R. signature is much more sensitive to the complex index. The I.R. signature was decreased greatly in the case of higher mass flow ratio. The I.R. signature was affected by ejection angle and jet velocity faintly. The research result of this paper will provide a valuable research measure for the related topic from now on.
引文
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[29]张静玉,常海萍.粉末气溶胶抑制热喷流红外辐射数值模拟.南京航空航天大学学报,2008,40:21~25.
[30]张净玉,常海萍,幺东升,王慧元.基于Mie理论分析离散颗粒包裹尾喷流红外消光特性.红外技术,2007,29(11):641~644.
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[33]王慧元.基于射线踪迹法的含离散颗粒热喷流辐射数值计算方法研究.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[34]常海萍,金峰.颗粒材料遮蔽特性理论研究.隐身技术,2008,(1):55~60.
[35] Klusacek, Ladislav. Screening smoke based on phosphorous as perspective protection precaution. Chem.Listy. 1998,(9):735~741.
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[39]杨晔,张镇西,将大宗. Mie散射物理量的数值计算.应用光学,1997,18(4):17~19.
[40]韩一平,杜云刚.非球形大气粒子对任意波束的电测散射特性.光学学报,2006,26(4).
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[2]蔡毅.浅谈现代战斗机的红外隐身技术.红外技术,1994,16(6):6~10.
[3]栾大龙,刘勇.红外隐身技术与反红外隐身技术.红外与激光技术,1995,24(3):18~21.
[4]程启东.飞行器的红外隐身技术.光的世界,1993,11(3):29~29.
[5]付伟.红外干扰技术发展现状.航天电子对抗,1996,(2):38~42.
[6]余勇.现代战争中烟幕的应用及发展趋势.光电技术应用,2003,3:29~32.
[7]余勇,刘庆军,祝玉平.烟幕—信息战的“坚盾”.现代防御技术,2004,32(3):44~47.
[8]李毅.非球形微粒及其形成烟幕的消光机理研究.南京:南京理工大学,2001.
[9]谈和平,夏新林,刘林华等.红外辐射特性与传输的数值计算—计算热辐射学.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2006.
[10] Herman Ii M, Lirowninn R S. Determination of the effective imaninarp term of the com-plea refractive index of atmospheric dust by remote sensinn: the Diffuse-Direct radiation method. Acrnos. Sci., 1975, (32): 918~925.
[11] Kinn M D, Herman Ii M. Determination of the mound albedo and the index of absorption of atmospheric particulates by remote sensinn, Part I: Theory. Acrnos. Sci., 1978, (36): 163~173.
[12] Liu Jinhuan,Zhou Xiuji. Simultaneous determination of aerosol size distribution and refractiveindex and surface albedo from radiance. Part I: Theory. Adv. Acrnos. Sci., 1986, (3):162~171.
[13]李国华,张敬斌,胡欢陵等.光散射和消光参量对气溶胶折射系数的敏感性分析.光学学报,1994,14(5):551~553.
[14]麻金继,陈瑾.用Mie散射理论计算大气气溶胶光学特性.原子与分子物理学报. 2005,22(4):701~707.
[15] Jiaming Shi, Leilei Chen, Yongshun Ling, et al. Infrared extinction of artificial aerosols and the effects of size distributions. International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 1998, 19(12).
[16]刘黎平,钱永甫.气溶胶粒子形状对其辐射特性影响的研究.南京大学学报,1996, 32(2):316~321.
[17]阮立明,余其铮,刘林华等.块状及粒子煤灰复折射率的研究.工程热物理学报,1997,18(5):620~623.
[18]周英彪,柳朝晖,阮立明等.燃烧微粒复折射率及辐射特性参数的求解.华中理工大学学报,1997,25(增刊):74~76.
[19]刘林华,余其铮,阮立明等.煤、灰粒子的辐射特性.燃烧科学与技术,1996,2(2):127~133.
[20]阮立明,余其铮,刘林华等.煤及灰辐射特性参数的研究.热能动力工程,1995,10(5):297~102.
[21]曹茂永,赵永林,张逸芳.煤矿粉尘光损耗与消光系数问题的探讨.山东矿业学院学报,1997,16(2).
[22]朱震,叶茂.光散射粒度测量中Mie理论的高精度算法.光电子激光,1989,10(2):135~138.
[23]王君,何俊发,王莲芬,王红霞,周友杰.简易Mie散射数值计算方法的研究.应用光学,2005,26(4):13~16.
[24]沈建琪,刘蕾.经典Mie散射的数值计算方法改进.中国粉体技术,2005,(4).
[25]金捷,朱谷君,徐南荣,张小英.发动机高速排气系统红外辐射特性的数值计算和分析.航空动力学报,2002,17(05).
[26]郝金波,董士奎,谈和平.固体火箭发动机尾喷焰红外特性数值模拟.红外与毫米波学报,2003,22 (4).
[27]徐南荣,朱谷君.热空腔—喷气流的组合辐射.航空动力学报,1995,10(3).
[28]韩启祥,谈浩元.气溶胶抑制尾喷口红外辐射的实验研究.南京航空航天大学学报,1995,6:341~345.
[29]张静玉,常海萍.粉末气溶胶抑制热喷流红外辐射数值模拟.南京航空航天大学学报,2008,40:21~25.
[30]张净玉,常海萍,幺东升,王慧元.基于Mie理论分析离散颗粒包裹尾喷流红外消光特性.红外技术,2007,29(11):641~644.
[31]段瑞伟.气溶胶红外隐身材料的选择和研究.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[32]幺东升.气溶胶红外消光特性机理研究.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[33]王慧元.基于射线踪迹法的含离散颗粒热喷流辐射数值计算方法研究.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[34]常海萍,金峰.颗粒材料遮蔽特性理论研究.隐身技术,2008,(1):55~60.
[35] Klusacek, Ladislav. Screening smoke based on phosphorous as perspective protection precaution. Chem.Listy. 1998,(9):735~741.
[36]熊晓伟,刘上乾.红外气溶胶烟幕干扰效果的定量评估.系统工程与电子技术.2001,2:38-40.
[37] M.Quinn Brewster. Thermal Radiative Transfer and Properties. New York: John Wiley & Sons,Inc,1992.
[38]徐立勤,曹伟.电磁场与电磁波理论.北京:科学出版社,2006.
[39]杨晔,张镇西,将大宗. Mie散射物理量的数值计算.应用光学,1997,18(4):17~19.
[40]韩一平,杜云刚.非球形大气粒子对任意波束的电测散射特性.光学学报,2006,26(4).
[41]徐南荣,卞南华.红外辐射与制导.北京:国防工业出版社,1997.
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