基于DEM的新构造运动特征研究
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摘要
本文以内蒙古阿拉善盟《内蒙古1：25万哈日敖包布格(K48C003002)、乌力吉(K48C004002)、达里克庙(J48C001002)幅区调修测项目》为依托，基于SRTM-DEM数字高程模型与ArcGIS空间分析技术对研究区内地形地貌指标进行提取，并通过适当的统计学方法分析提取后的数据，挑选出研究区夷平面分布及特征，以此来分析研究区内新构造运动特征。文中主要提取的地形地貌因子有高程、坡度、坡向以及地势起伏度，通过分析，研究区内坡度与高程呈良好的正相关关系，海拔高的地方，坡度也随之增高；而通过地势起伏度分析，研究区主要为中海拔平原和中海拔台地地貌。
本文通过提取的坡度和高程两个地貌因子，对它们进行统计分析，用于研究区夷平面的判断，研究结果较为满意，结果表明，本研究采用的方法适用于判断夷平面，同时在研究过程中遇到的问题也有待于进一步的研究。
通过研究区夷平面特征信息，结合前人地质资料以及研究区构造特征，得出了研究区新构造运动基本特征就是在大面积掀斜隆升背景环境下的断裂运动，同时，新构造运动控制了夷平面的抬升，并被解体，最后在剥蚀以及堆积的作用下形成了断块山以及断块盆地相间分布的一种基本地貌格局。
This paper base on1:250,000Geological Mapping for Alxa,Inner Mongolia,extracting physiognomy morphology indicators in research area by usingSRTM-DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and ArcGIS spatial analysis as theinstructional methods. After which, author made some analysis for the extraction byusing the appropriate statistical methods,and picked out the planation surface in thisarea, at last we analyze the neotectonic movement by the planation surface selectedbefore. This paper mainly extracted height, slope, aspect and topography fluctuationdegrees, through the analysis, the slope in this area has a positive correlation with theheight, in a high-altitude area, slope is increasing too. Through the topographyfluctuation degree analysis, Researching area is mainly in mid-elevation plains andmid-elevation platform landform.
In order to judgment the planation surface in research area, author extractedslope and height then made some statistical analysis. Results show that: this statisticalmethod is applies to judging the planation surface. However, there still someproblems needs to be solved.
Through investigating the characteristic of the planation surface, previousgeological data and regional tectonic features, author concluded that the neotectonicmovement feature is flaw movement in a large area tilt and uplift backgroundenvironment. and at the same time, the new tectonic movement control the rising anddisintegration of the planation surface. Finally, forming a basic physiognomymorphology pattern of alternating with fault-block mountain and fault subsidencebasin under the action of pitting and accumulating
本文通过提取的坡度和高程两个地貌因子，对它们进行统计分析，用于研究区夷平面的判断，研究结果较为满意，结果表明，本研究采用的方法适用于判断夷平面，同时在研究过程中遇到的问题也有待于进一步的研究。
通过研究区夷平面特征信息，结合前人地质资料以及研究区构造特征，得出了研究区新构造运动基本特征就是在大面积掀斜隆升背景环境下的断裂运动，同时，新构造运动控制了夷平面的抬升，并被解体，最后在剥蚀以及堆积的作用下形成了断块山以及断块盆地相间分布的一种基本地貌格局。
This paper base on1:250,000Geological Mapping for Alxa,Inner Mongolia,extracting physiognomy morphology indicators in research area by usingSRTM-DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and ArcGIS spatial analysis as theinstructional methods. After which, author made some analysis for the extraction byusing the appropriate statistical methods,and picked out the planation surface in thisarea, at last we analyze the neotectonic movement by the planation surface selectedbefore. This paper mainly extracted height, slope, aspect and topography fluctuationdegrees, through the analysis, the slope in this area has a positive correlation with theheight, in a high-altitude area, slope is increasing too. Through the topographyfluctuation degree analysis, Researching area is mainly in mid-elevation plains andmid-elevation platform landform.
In order to judgment the planation surface in research area, author extractedslope and height then made some statistical analysis. Results show that: this statisticalmethod is applies to judging the planation surface. However, there still someproblems needs to be solved.
Through investigating the characteristic of the planation surface, previousgeological data and regional tectonic features, author concluded that the neotectonicmovement feature is flaw movement in a large area tilt and uplift backgroundenvironment. and at the same time, the new tectonic movement control the rising anddisintegration of the planation surface. Finally, forming a basic physiognomymorphology pattern of alternating with fault-block mountain and fault subsidencebasin under the action of pitting and accumulating
引文
吴泰然.内蒙古阿拉善地块北缘的构造单元划分及各单元的基本特征[N].地质学报,1993,67(2):97-108.
田明中，程捷.第四纪地质学与地貌学[M].北京：地质出版社，2009.
沈玉昌，苏时雨，尹泽生.中国地貌分类、区划与制图研究工作的回顾与展望.地理科学,1982,2(2):97-105.
王睿博，胡建中，周成虎等.基于DEM的川西高原构造地貌特征提取与分析[D].北京：中国地质大学（北京），2008:4.
向雅莉，刘文灿,基于RS和DEM数据的活动断裂提取---以四川西昌-米易地区为例[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2010.
陈俊勇．对SRTM3和GTOPO30地形数据质量的评估[J]．武汉大学学报·信息科学版．2005，30(11)，P941-943.
王廷印，王士政，王金荣著.阿拉善地区古代路壳形成与演化.兰州：兰州大学出版社，1994.9-30.
王萍,王增光.阿拉善活动块体的划分及归宿[J].地震,1997,17(1):103-112.
程三友,刘少峰,张会平,等.2005.大别山构造地貌的DEM初步分析[J].地质力学学报,11(4):333-340.
毕华兴,谭秀英,李笑吟.基于DEM的数字地形分析[J].北京林业地学学报,2005,27(2).
中科院地理科学与资源研究所(资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室).中华人民共和国1:100万数字地貌图制图规范(征求意见稿)[S].2005-041
GellertJ.E.新观点下的夷平面一梯级山地一单斜山.地理学报，1960，
卫平生，张虎权，陈启林．２００６．银根—额济纳旗盆地油气地质特征
何浩生，何科昭.滇西地区夷平面变形及其反映的第四纪构造运动[J].北京：现代地质，1993，7（1）：31-39.
Philip,T.G.Geomorphologic signatures:Classification of aggregatedslope unit objects from digital elevation and remote sensing data.Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1998,23(7):581-594.
Miliaresis,G.,Argialas,D.Extration and delineation of alluvial fansfrom digital elevation modles and landsat thematic mapper images.Photogrammetric Engineering&Remote Sensing,2000,66:1093-1101.
田明中，程捷.第四纪地质学与地貌学[M].北京：地质出版社，2009.
沈玉昌，苏时雨，尹泽生.中国地貌分类、区划与制图研究工作的回顾与展望.地理科学,1982,2(2):97-105.
王睿博，胡建中，周成虎等.基于DEM的川西高原构造地貌特征提取与分析[D].北京：中国地质大学（北京），2008:4.
向雅莉，刘文灿,基于RS和DEM数据的活动断裂提取---以四川西昌-米易地区为例[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2010.
陈俊勇．对SRTM3和GTOPO30地形数据质量的评估[J]．武汉大学学报·信息科学版．2005，30(11)，P941-943.
王廷印，王士政，王金荣著.阿拉善地区古代路壳形成与演化.兰州：兰州大学出版社，1994.9-30.
王萍,王增光.阿拉善活动块体的划分及归宿[J].地震,1997,17(1):103-112.
程三友,刘少峰,张会平,等.2005.大别山构造地貌的DEM初步分析[J].地质力学学报,11(4):333-340.
毕华兴,谭秀英,李笑吟.基于DEM的数字地形分析[J].北京林业地学学报,2005,27(2).
中科院地理科学与资源研究所(资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室).中华人民共和国1:100万数字地貌图制图规范(征求意见稿)[S].2005-041
GellertJ.E.新观点下的夷平面一梯级山地一单斜山.地理学报，1960，
卫平生，张虎权，陈启林．２００６．银根—额济纳旗盆地油气地质特征
何浩生，何科昭.滇西地区夷平面变形及其反映的第四纪构造运动[J].北京：现代地质，1993，7（1）：31-39.
Philip,T.G.Geomorphologic signatures:Classification of aggregatedslope unit objects from digital elevation and remote sensing data.Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1998,23(7):581-594.
Miliaresis,G.,Argialas,D.Extration and delineation of alluvial fansfrom digital elevation modles and landsat thematic mapper images.Photogrammetric Engineering&Remote Sensing,2000,66:1093-1101.