红豆草（Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop）种带真菌研究
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摘要
红豆草(Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop)是优良的多年生豆科牧草,有“牧草皇后”的美称。在我国西部农牧业生产和生态建设中发挥着越来越重要的作用。病害是限制红豆草生产和应用的一个重要因素。种子是携带病原真菌的重要器官。本文以3个不同品种10个产地的红豆草为材料,在分离鉴定种带真菌的基础上,采用孢子悬浮液种子接种法和水琼脂培养基法,研究了种带真菌对红豆草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,得到以下结论：
1、分离鉴定出红豆草种带真菌20属25种。其中,茎点霉(Phoma sp.)、木霉(Trichoderma sp.)、指轮枝孢(Stachylidium sp.)、.刺盘孢(Colletotrichum sp.)和棘壳孢(Pyrenochaeta sp.)5种在国内红豆草上首次分离出,其他常见的有：细交链孢(Alternaria alternate)、交链孢属(Alternaria spp.)、黑曲霉(Aspergilus niger.)、匍枝根霉(Rhizopus stolonifer)、德斯霉(Drechslera sp.)、根腐离蠕孢(Bipolaris sorokuniana)、粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum)、青霉(Penicillium chrysogenum)、茎点霉(Phoma sp.)、红豆草壳二孢(Ascochyta onobrychidis)、长蠕孢(Helminthosporium sp)、弯孢(Curvularia sp.)、轮枝孢(Verticillium dahlia)、黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)、指轮枝孢属(Stachylidium sp.)、腐皮镰孢(Fusarium solani)、串珠镰孢(Fusarium moniliforme)、尖镰孢(Fusarium oxysporum)、镰孢属(Fusarium spp.)。
2、从荚皮、种皮、子叶和胚中分别分离出16种、11种、6种和4种种带真菌。表面消毒处理的带菌率显著低于未消毒处理。
3、种子带菌率和种子的发芽率呈显著负相关。种子的发芽率和产地的湿润度呈显著正相关,和产地的海拔呈显著负相关。去掉荚皮的处理可以提高红豆草种子的发芽率。
4.16种种带真菌均能不同程度的降低红豆草种子的品质,降低种子的活力指数,影响幼苗生长的健康状况,其中腐皮镰孢、尖镰孢和串珠镰孢对种子的发芽率和发芽势降低最为明显(p<0.05),尖镰孢、串珠镰孢、腐皮镰孢和多主枝孢对幼苗的地上生长影响最明显,尖镰孢、腐皮镰孢和根腐离蠕孢对幼苗的根的生长影响最为明显,尖镰孢、腐皮镰孢、根腐离蠕孢、轮枝孢和红豆草壳二孢对生物量降低最明显。在所有供试的真菌中,尖镰孢、腐皮镰孢、串珠镰孢对苗和根的致病性都是最大的。其次对苗的致病性比较明显的是红豆草壳二孢和多主枝孢,对根的致病性比较明显的是轮枝孢。
Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop) is an outstanding perennial legume with a reputation as a "grass queen". It is playing an increasingly important role in the ecological construction and agricultural production of western China. Diseases limit the production and application of sainfoin. Seeds are an important site for pathogenic infection. In this paper, water agar was used to isolate and identify fungal species in three different varieties of sainfoin across 10 different bean-producing plots. Species were identified on the basis of seed inoculation with spore suspension method. In addition, the effects of fungi on the quality and growth of seedlings was examined,:
1. From the three different species of seeds,20 genera and 25 species of fungi were isolated and identified using water agar. The percentage of fungi isolated from Disinfection of contaminated surfaces was significantly lower than infection. Among those fungi species isolated, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria sp., Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Alternaria, Penicillium sp., Phoma sp., Ascochyta onobrychidis Helminthosporium, Curvularia sp., Cladosporium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum, were common fungi in sainfoin seeds. Phoma sp., Trichoderma sp., Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum sp., were the 5 species isolated for the first time in China.
2. Seed infection percentage and germination rate were found to have a significant negative correlation. Removing the seed pod skin can improve the germination rate of sainfoin. Seed infection rate and the moisture of the producing area have a significant positive correlation, where as a significant negative correlation exists between infection rate and the elevation of the producing area.
3. After dissection of seed and cultured on water agar method the results informed that the isolation rate of fungi species with external inward from seeds in turn. The highest concentration of fungal species were found to exist within the seed pod in the skin, followed by the seed coat, cotyledon and embryo, the number of fungi species isolated from each part was 16 species, followed by 11 species, and 6 species respectively.
4. For the trial of 16 species of fungi, each can significantly lower the quality of sainfoin seed quality and reduce seed vigor index and seedling growth of health effects. Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium moniliforme on seed germination rate and germination potential decreased most significantly(p<0.05). Seedlings on the seedling growth of most notably were Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium solani. Seedling root growth on the most obvious is Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani. Fusarium moniliforme on the pathogenicity of seedlings and roots are the largest. Second, the pathogenicity of the vaccine is more obvious sainfoin and Ascochyta onobrychidis and the pathogenicity of the root is obvious Verticillium sp.
1、分离鉴定出红豆草种带真菌20属25种。其中,茎点霉(Phoma sp.)、木霉(Trichoderma sp.)、指轮枝孢(Stachylidium sp.)、.刺盘孢(Colletotrichum sp.)和棘壳孢(Pyrenochaeta sp.)5种在国内红豆草上首次分离出,其他常见的有：细交链孢(Alternaria alternate)、交链孢属(Alternaria spp.)、黑曲霉(Aspergilus niger.)、匍枝根霉(Rhizopus stolonifer)、德斯霉(Drechslera sp.)、根腐离蠕孢(Bipolaris sorokuniana)、粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum)、青霉(Penicillium chrysogenum)、茎点霉(Phoma sp.)、红豆草壳二孢(Ascochyta onobrychidis)、长蠕孢(Helminthosporium sp)、弯孢(Curvularia sp.)、轮枝孢(Verticillium dahlia)、黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)、指轮枝孢属(Stachylidium sp.)、腐皮镰孢(Fusarium solani)、串珠镰孢(Fusarium moniliforme)、尖镰孢(Fusarium oxysporum)、镰孢属(Fusarium spp.)。
2、从荚皮、种皮、子叶和胚中分别分离出16种、11种、6种和4种种带真菌。表面消毒处理的带菌率显著低于未消毒处理。
3、种子带菌率和种子的发芽率呈显著负相关。种子的发芽率和产地的湿润度呈显著正相关,和产地的海拔呈显著负相关。去掉荚皮的处理可以提高红豆草种子的发芽率。
4.16种种带真菌均能不同程度的降低红豆草种子的品质,降低种子的活力指数,影响幼苗生长的健康状况,其中腐皮镰孢、尖镰孢和串珠镰孢对种子的发芽率和发芽势降低最为明显(p<0.05),尖镰孢、串珠镰孢、腐皮镰孢和多主枝孢对幼苗的地上生长影响最明显,尖镰孢、腐皮镰孢和根腐离蠕孢对幼苗的根的生长影响最为明显,尖镰孢、腐皮镰孢、根腐离蠕孢、轮枝孢和红豆草壳二孢对生物量降低最明显。在所有供试的真菌中,尖镰孢、腐皮镰孢、串珠镰孢对苗和根的致病性都是最大的。其次对苗的致病性比较明显的是红豆草壳二孢和多主枝孢,对根的致病性比较明显的是轮枝孢。
Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop) is an outstanding perennial legume with a reputation as a "grass queen". It is playing an increasingly important role in the ecological construction and agricultural production of western China. Diseases limit the production and application of sainfoin. Seeds are an important site for pathogenic infection. In this paper, water agar was used to isolate and identify fungal species in three different varieties of sainfoin across 10 different bean-producing plots. Species were identified on the basis of seed inoculation with spore suspension method. In addition, the effects of fungi on the quality and growth of seedlings was examined,:
1. From the three different species of seeds,20 genera and 25 species of fungi were isolated and identified using water agar. The percentage of fungi isolated from Disinfection of contaminated surfaces was significantly lower than infection. Among those fungi species isolated, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria sp., Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Alternaria, Penicillium sp., Phoma sp., Ascochyta onobrychidis Helminthosporium, Curvularia sp., Cladosporium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum, were common fungi in sainfoin seeds. Phoma sp., Trichoderma sp., Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum sp., were the 5 species isolated for the first time in China.
2. Seed infection percentage and germination rate were found to have a significant negative correlation. Removing the seed pod skin can improve the germination rate of sainfoin. Seed infection rate and the moisture of the producing area have a significant positive correlation, where as a significant negative correlation exists between infection rate and the elevation of the producing area.
3. After dissection of seed and cultured on water agar method the results informed that the isolation rate of fungi species with external inward from seeds in turn. The highest concentration of fungal species were found to exist within the seed pod in the skin, followed by the seed coat, cotyledon and embryo, the number of fungi species isolated from each part was 16 species, followed by 11 species, and 6 species respectively.
4. For the trial of 16 species of fungi, each can significantly lower the quality of sainfoin seed quality and reduce seed vigor index and seedling growth of health effects. Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium moniliforme on seed germination rate and germination potential decreased most significantly(p<0.05). Seedlings on the seedling growth of most notably were Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium solani. Seedling root growth on the most obvious is Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani. Fusarium moniliforme on the pathogenicity of seedlings and roots are the largest. Second, the pathogenicity of the vaccine is more obvious sainfoin and Ascochyta onobrychidis and the pathogenicity of the root is obvious Verticillium sp.
引文
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