香蕉纤维的性能分析与鉴别技术
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摘要
香蕉纤维是一种新型的天然纤维素纤维,由于具有天然环保的优势在目前的新材料开发中非常热门。我国是世界香蕉的主产国之一,每年香蕉产量有五六百万吨,为香蕉纤维的开发和利用提供了非常丰富的资源条件。香蕉纤维的开发和利用也进行到了服装生产的阶段,为消费者增加了纺织品的花色品种,同样也带来了可观的经济效益。因此,了解香蕉纤维的结构特征、基本性能与鉴别方法是将来纺织生产中必需解决的问题。
本文选用国内主要生产香蕉纤维产品的苏州圣竹家纺有限公司提供的香蕉工艺纤维为主要研究对象,通过显微投影、红外光谱、化学溶解以及纤维强力测试的方法讨论与分析了香蕉纤维的形态结构与基本性能。实验结果表明,香蕉纤维的表面具有横节竖纹,截面为腰圆形,内有裂纹存在,与苎麻纤维相似；具有较为典型的纤维素纤维的化学溶解特征；纤维强力测试表明香蕉纤维具有较高的干湿强度,其中湿态强度比干态强度要高出达50%。
在认识纤维形态结构与基本性能的基础上,从定性与定量两方面对香蕉纤维的鉴别技术进行了初步探讨,定性鉴别的研究选用香蕉纤维与苎麻、亚麻纤维进行对比,通过纤维形态与红外光谱的分析,提出了一个切实可行的香蕉纤维的定性鉴别方法,即香蕉纤维的鉴别可以同时从两条路径出发同时测试纤维的形态结构与红外光谱图,当两条路径全部符合时即可判定该纤维为香蕉纤维；在定量鉴别方法的探讨中,参照国家标准GB/T2910.4-2009规定的方法,以香蕉纤维与羊毛纤维混纺的试样鉴别为例,介绍了定量分析方法的溶剂选择与重量修正系数的测定及计算,以实验验证,该办法测试出来的结果准确度符合标准的要求。
Banana fiber is a new natural, cellulosic fiber which is very popular in development of new material at present because of its natural environmental advantages. Our country is one of the world production of bananas, annual output of bananas is about 5 million to 6 million ton which provides a very rich resource conditions to develop and apply banana fibers. The development and application of banana fibers have reached the cloth stages which add the designs of textiles for consumers and also bring remarkable economic benefits. So it is necessary to know the structure properties, common performance and identification method of banana fibers to prepare for subsequent textile processing.
This article selects banana fiber goods as researching ones which produced by Su Zhou Shengzu domestic textiles limited company to discuss and analyze the morphological structure and common performance of banana fibers by microscope projection, infrared spectrum, chemical dissolving and testing fiber strength, etc. It is indicated that the appearance of banana fibers have some crossed marks and vertical lines, its cross-section is oral. Its inner cracks are similar to the ramie ones. Also banana fibers have typical dissolution characteristic of cellulosic fibers. From the strength testing results, it is indicated that banana fibers have higher dry-and wet-strength, of these wet-strength is fifty percent higher than dry-strength. Based on knowing the morphological structure and common performance of fibers, preliminary discussion of bananas fibers is carried out by using the qualitative and quantitative identification techniques. The qualitative study refers to comparing banana fibers with ramie and flax fibers. By analyzing the morphological structure and infrared spectrum of fibers, a practical qualitative identification is presented, i.e. the identification of banana fibers may be carried out by concurrent testing morphological structure and infrared spectrum of fibers. When two ways show no difference, it can be determined that this fiber is banana fiber. The quantitative study refers to the national standard GB/T GB/T2910.4-2009, taking the banana fiber and wool fiber blends as testing specimen to introduce the quantitative analysis method to select solvent, determine and calculate the weight correction coefficient. From the experiment, it is verified that the accuracy of the testing results meet the standard required.
本文选用国内主要生产香蕉纤维产品的苏州圣竹家纺有限公司提供的香蕉工艺纤维为主要研究对象,通过显微投影、红外光谱、化学溶解以及纤维强力测试的方法讨论与分析了香蕉纤维的形态结构与基本性能。实验结果表明,香蕉纤维的表面具有横节竖纹,截面为腰圆形,内有裂纹存在,与苎麻纤维相似；具有较为典型的纤维素纤维的化学溶解特征；纤维强力测试表明香蕉纤维具有较高的干湿强度,其中湿态强度比干态强度要高出达50%。
在认识纤维形态结构与基本性能的基础上,从定性与定量两方面对香蕉纤维的鉴别技术进行了初步探讨,定性鉴别的研究选用香蕉纤维与苎麻、亚麻纤维进行对比,通过纤维形态与红外光谱的分析,提出了一个切实可行的香蕉纤维的定性鉴别方法,即香蕉纤维的鉴别可以同时从两条路径出发同时测试纤维的形态结构与红外光谱图,当两条路径全部符合时即可判定该纤维为香蕉纤维；在定量鉴别方法的探讨中,参照国家标准GB/T2910.4-2009规定的方法,以香蕉纤维与羊毛纤维混纺的试样鉴别为例,介绍了定量分析方法的溶剂选择与重量修正系数的测定及计算,以实验验证,该办法测试出来的结果准确度符合标准的要求。
Banana fiber is a new natural, cellulosic fiber which is very popular in development of new material at present because of its natural environmental advantages. Our country is one of the world production of bananas, annual output of bananas is about 5 million to 6 million ton which provides a very rich resource conditions to develop and apply banana fibers. The development and application of banana fibers have reached the cloth stages which add the designs of textiles for consumers and also bring remarkable economic benefits. So it is necessary to know the structure properties, common performance and identification method of banana fibers to prepare for subsequent textile processing.
This article selects banana fiber goods as researching ones which produced by Su Zhou Shengzu domestic textiles limited company to discuss and analyze the morphological structure and common performance of banana fibers by microscope projection, infrared spectrum, chemical dissolving and testing fiber strength, etc. It is indicated that the appearance of banana fibers have some crossed marks and vertical lines, its cross-section is oral. Its inner cracks are similar to the ramie ones. Also banana fibers have typical dissolution characteristic of cellulosic fibers. From the strength testing results, it is indicated that banana fibers have higher dry-and wet-strength, of these wet-strength is fifty percent higher than dry-strength. Based on knowing the morphological structure and common performance of fibers, preliminary discussion of bananas fibers is carried out by using the qualitative and quantitative identification techniques. The qualitative study refers to comparing banana fibers with ramie and flax fibers. By analyzing the morphological structure and infrared spectrum of fibers, a practical qualitative identification is presented, i.e. the identification of banana fibers may be carried out by concurrent testing morphological structure and infrared spectrum of fibers. When two ways show no difference, it can be determined that this fiber is banana fiber. The quantitative study refers to the national standard GB/T GB/T2910.4-2009, taking the banana fiber and wool fiber blends as testing specimen to introduce the quantitative analysis method to select solvent, determine and calculate the weight correction coefficient. From the experiment, it is verified that the accuracy of the testing results meet the standard required.
引文
[1]张斌,温桂清.酶制剂在麻纺原料加工中的应用.四川纺织科技[J],2004,(3)：14-17
[2]张之亮,张元明,章悦庭等.几种新型植物纤维的开发利用现状.中国麻业[J],2004(2)：91-94
[3]党敏译,郁崇文校.香蕉纤维及其制品.国外纺织技术(服装分册),2001,12：11-13
[4]R. K. Boruah, T. Goswami, G. C. Bhattacharyya. Microstructural study of fibers extracted from wild banana plant by X-ray linebroadending analysisJndian Journal of Fiber&Textile Research,1998,23 (6):76-80
[5]丹羽由树,小野秀.香蕉纤维及其制法、使用它的混纺丝以及纤维构造物.专利号：CN03150132.X
[6]CharuA., Sunnda. BananaFibers. Indian Text [J],1999,109(10):66-70
[7]邵宽,周永元,顾德源等编著.纺织加工化学[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,1996.4
[8]王德骥主编.苎麻纤维素化学与工艺学-脱胶和改性[M].北京：科学出版社,2001.
[9]蔡再生编.纤维化学与物理[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,2004.8
[10]张一心主编.纺织材料[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,2007.8
[11]N.Arun. Study on Few Properties-Banana Fiber. Man-made Textiles in Indian,2000 (2):68-72
[12]熊月林.香蕉纤维的制取及其结构理化性能研究.上海：东华大学[D],2007
[13]柳新燕,郁崇文.香蕉纤维的性能与开发应用分析.上海纺织科技[J],1997(5)：11-14
[14]王越平,高绪珊,张晓丹.几种天然纤维的物理结构研究.纤维素科学与技术[J],2006 14(4)：31-36
[15]周舍丹,陈蓉,饶颖竹.湛江矮蕾蕉高蕾蕉假茎无机元素含量分析.微量元素与健康研究[J],2001(2)：51-52
[16]瞿彩莲,窦明池,王波.几种新型植物纤维及其应用.中国纤检[J],2006(5)： 32
[17]陈运能,范雪荣,高卫东.新型纺织原料[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,1998
[18]梁冬,邓沁兰,史倩青.香蕉茎纤维的现状与开发应用前景.化纤与纺织技术[J],2007,(3)：28-31
[19]Poonam Bhatia, Cupta K C. Physio-chemical properties of banana fiber[J]. India Textile Journal,1991 (10) 60-62.
[20]石红,邵文峰,邱岳进,杨伟忠.竹原纤维与亚麻纤维鉴别分析方法研究.上海纺织科技[J],2007,(9)：55-57
[21]王成云,刘彩明,李丽霞,褚乃清,钟声扬,唐莉纯.麻纤维的定性鉴别.中纤检[J],2007,(8)：38-39
[22]杨春燕.香蕉纤维的开发利用.河北纺织[J],2008,(2)：24-28
[23]宋志萍,蔡俊鹏.香蕉茎叶纤维资源的开发利用.资源开发与市场[J],2005,(1)：59-60
[24]C.Krishna,M.Chandrasckaran. Banana waste as substrate for a-amylase production by bacillus subtilis (CBTK 106) under solid-state fermentation. ApplMicrobiol Biotechnol,1996 (46):106-111
[25]杨培生,陈业渊,黎光华等.我国香蕉产业——现状、问题与前景.果树学报[J],2003,20(5)：415-420
[26]徐海云.天然纤维期待产业化新突破.中国纺织[J],2009(6)：59-61
[27]高路,王越平,王戈等.几种天然植物纤维的鉴别方法.上海纺织科技[J],2009,(9)：7-9
[28]陈莉,孟丹.几种新型纤维素纤维的鉴别.纺织科技进展[J],2008,(5)：72-74
[29]吴佩云,莫靖昱.几种新型纺织纤维鉴别方法的探讨.上海纺织科技[J],2008,(3)：51-54
[30]李青山主编.纺织纤维鉴别手册第二版[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,2003
[31]潘志娟.纤维材料近代测试技术[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,2005
[32]马非非,徐亚民.扫描电镜的原理及其在纤维物证鉴定方面的应用.管理.纵深[J],2008(5)：30-31
[33]瘳乾初,蓝芬兰.扫描电镜原理及应用技术[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1990
[34]睦伟民,金惠平著.纺织有机化学基础[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社,1992.6
[35]蒋先明,何伟平.简明红外光谱识谱法[M].桂林：广西师范大学出版社,1992：34-97
[36]FZ/T01057.2-2007,纺织纤维鉴别试验方法-燃烧法[S]
[37]FZ/T01057.2-2007,纺织纤维鉴别试验方法-显微镜观察法[S]
[38]FZ/T01057.8-1999,纺织纤维鉴别试验方法-红外光谱吸收鉴别方法[S]
[39]蒋挺大.木质素[M].北京：化学工业出版社.1991：42-46
[40]刁均艳,潘志娟.黄麻、苎麻及棕榈纤维的聚集态结构与性能.苏州大学学报(工科版)[J],2008(12)：41
[41]GB/T2910-2009,纺织品二组分纤维混纺产品定量分析方法[S]
[42]FZ/T01057.2-2007,纺织纤维鉴别实验方法溶解性试验方法[S]
[43]吴雄英,陈青,董建华.大豆蛋白纤维混纺产品成分的定性定量分析方法.毛纺科技[J],2004(11)：44-47
[2]张之亮,张元明,章悦庭等.几种新型植物纤维的开发利用现状.中国麻业[J],2004(2)：91-94
[3]党敏译,郁崇文校.香蕉纤维及其制品.国外纺织技术(服装分册),2001,12：11-13
[4]R. K. Boruah, T. Goswami, G. C. Bhattacharyya. Microstructural study of fibers extracted from wild banana plant by X-ray linebroadending analysisJndian Journal of Fiber&Textile Research,1998,23 (6):76-80
[5]丹羽由树,小野秀.香蕉纤维及其制法、使用它的混纺丝以及纤维构造物.专利号：CN03150132.X
[6]CharuA., Sunnda. BananaFibers. Indian Text [J],1999,109(10):66-70
[7]邵宽,周永元,顾德源等编著.纺织加工化学[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,1996.4
[8]王德骥主编.苎麻纤维素化学与工艺学-脱胶和改性[M].北京：科学出版社,2001.
[9]蔡再生编.纤维化学与物理[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,2004.8
[10]张一心主编.纺织材料[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,2007.8
[11]N.Arun. Study on Few Properties-Banana Fiber. Man-made Textiles in Indian,2000 (2):68-72
[12]熊月林.香蕉纤维的制取及其结构理化性能研究.上海：东华大学[D],2007
[13]柳新燕,郁崇文.香蕉纤维的性能与开发应用分析.上海纺织科技[J],1997(5)：11-14
[14]王越平,高绪珊,张晓丹.几种天然纤维的物理结构研究.纤维素科学与技术[J],2006 14(4)：31-36
[15]周舍丹,陈蓉,饶颖竹.湛江矮蕾蕉高蕾蕉假茎无机元素含量分析.微量元素与健康研究[J],2001(2)：51-52
[16]瞿彩莲,窦明池,王波.几种新型植物纤维及其应用.中国纤检[J],2006(5)： 32
[17]陈运能,范雪荣,高卫东.新型纺织原料[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,1998
[18]梁冬,邓沁兰,史倩青.香蕉茎纤维的现状与开发应用前景.化纤与纺织技术[J],2007,(3)：28-31
[19]Poonam Bhatia, Cupta K C. Physio-chemical properties of banana fiber[J]. India Textile Journal,1991 (10) 60-62.
[20]石红,邵文峰,邱岳进,杨伟忠.竹原纤维与亚麻纤维鉴别分析方法研究.上海纺织科技[J],2007,(9)：55-57
[21]王成云,刘彩明,李丽霞,褚乃清,钟声扬,唐莉纯.麻纤维的定性鉴别.中纤检[J],2007,(8)：38-39
[22]杨春燕.香蕉纤维的开发利用.河北纺织[J],2008,(2)：24-28
[23]宋志萍,蔡俊鹏.香蕉茎叶纤维资源的开发利用.资源开发与市场[J],2005,(1)：59-60
[24]C.Krishna,M.Chandrasckaran. Banana waste as substrate for a-amylase production by bacillus subtilis (CBTK 106) under solid-state fermentation. ApplMicrobiol Biotechnol,1996 (46):106-111
[25]杨培生,陈业渊,黎光华等.我国香蕉产业——现状、问题与前景.果树学报[J],2003,20(5)：415-420
[26]徐海云.天然纤维期待产业化新突破.中国纺织[J],2009(6)：59-61
[27]高路,王越平,王戈等.几种天然植物纤维的鉴别方法.上海纺织科技[J],2009,(9)：7-9
[28]陈莉,孟丹.几种新型纤维素纤维的鉴别.纺织科技进展[J],2008,(5)：72-74
[29]吴佩云,莫靖昱.几种新型纺织纤维鉴别方法的探讨.上海纺织科技[J],2008,(3)：51-54
[30]李青山主编.纺织纤维鉴别手册第二版[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,2003
[31]潘志娟.纤维材料近代测试技术[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,2005
[32]马非非,徐亚民.扫描电镜的原理及其在纤维物证鉴定方面的应用.管理.纵深[J],2008(5)：30-31
[33]瘳乾初,蓝芬兰.扫描电镜原理及应用技术[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1990
[34]睦伟民,金惠平著.纺织有机化学基础[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社,1992.6
[35]蒋先明,何伟平.简明红外光谱识谱法[M].桂林：广西师范大学出版社,1992：34-97
[36]FZ/T01057.2-2007,纺织纤维鉴别试验方法-燃烧法[S]
[37]FZ/T01057.2-2007,纺织纤维鉴别试验方法-显微镜观察法[S]
[38]FZ/T01057.8-1999,纺织纤维鉴别试验方法-红外光谱吸收鉴别方法[S]
[39]蒋挺大.木质素[M].北京：化学工业出版社.1991：42-46
[40]刁均艳,潘志娟.黄麻、苎麻及棕榈纤维的聚集态结构与性能.苏州大学学报(工科版)[J],2008(12)：41
[41]GB/T2910-2009,纺织品二组分纤维混纺产品定量分析方法[S]
[42]FZ/T01057.2-2007,纺织纤维鉴别实验方法溶解性试验方法[S]
[43]吴雄英,陈青,董建华.大豆蛋白纤维混纺产品成分的定性定量分析方法.毛纺科技[J],2004(11)：44-47