棉花肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶基因（GhCCR4）的遗传转化和功能分析
|
摘要
棉花是世界上最重要的天然纤维作物,棉花在我国国民经济中占有十分重要的地位。近年来,克隆与棉纤维次生壁加厚发育相关的基因,从分子水平改良棉纤维品质已成为主要研究方向。肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶(Cinnamoyl-CoA Reductase,CCR)是苯丙烷代谢途径中的一个关键酶,此酶可能对苯丙烷代谢途径的碳流具有潜在的调控作用。
为了明确棉花CCR基因的基本功能和对木质素含量的影响,我们利用已经从棉花中克隆的木质素生物合成的限速酶基因—肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶基因(GhCCR4),构建其瞬时表达载体,通过基因枪法转化棉花胚珠,研究基因表达对棉纤维发育的影响。然后利用农杆菌浸染法转化棉花,分析了GhCCR4的功能。实验结果如下:
1)实验构建了由CaMV35S启动子驱动的pGUS-CCR4融合表达载体,使用基因枪轰击法将其转化棉花胚珠,确定了转化0 DPA胚珠的最佳条件:轰击压力为1350 psi,轰击距离为9 cm,轰击次数为2次。GUS组织化学染色结果表明,GhCCR4基因在棉花纤维伸长期和次生壁增厚期持续表达。不同发育时期纤维长度测量结果发现,在8 d时转GhCCR4基因纤维长度和对照相比没有明显差别,但在27 d时纤维长度明显短于对照。纤维透射电镜切片观察发现,转GhCCR4基因的细胞次生壁与对照相比增厚达17 %。上述结果说明,GhCCR4基因在纤维细胞中的表达对棉花纤维的伸长起到了抑制作用并能够使细胞壁次生壁在一定程度上增厚。
2)对棉花茎尖农杆菌介导转化的多个因素进行了比较,完善了的农杆菌茎尖转化体系。在以农杆菌介导的棉花转化过程中,应以2天的无菌苗茎尖作为农杆菌的感染受体,激素的最佳配比浓度为KT 0.5 mg/L、IAA 0.1 mg/L,茎尖长势相对较好,出芽率最高;卡那霉素的最适筛选浓度为50 mg/L;扦插生根的方法能够缩短再生植株生育周期。使用上述方法,筛选抗性转化率达到35%以上,转化周期缩短至2-3个月。
3)利用农杆菌介导法获得了批量的抗性幼苗,为避免假阳性植株的出现,首先进行了卡那霉素点涂和GUS化学检测,获得阳性植株;以CaMV35S启动子和NPTⅡ报告基因序列设计引物,进行阳性植株PCR扩增,PCR检测的阳性率在30%左右。使用抗性筛选和分子检测相结合的方法,获得了12株转基因棉花。同时利用半定量PCR方法进行了转录水平的检测,发现他们与对照之间存在较为明显的差异,反义抑制的效率较高,抑制了CCR基因的表达。
4)改进了提取棉花不同时期纤维的RNA的热硼酸法。棉花GhCCR4基因在本文所检测的组织中均有所表达,尤其在根,茎杆中表达量较大,说明此基因有组织表达特异性。在棉纤维不同发育时期的转录水平有很大变化,在纤维发育初期(0-10 DPA)表达微弱,在15,20 DPA表达量最大,在25 DPA表达量降低,说明此基因在棉纤维伸长发育后期高效表达。
5)对GhCCR4基因过量表达和RNA干扰转基因棉花苗期形态观察、木质素和纤维素含量检测等方法进行比较和分析,发现他们与对照之间在植株形态上存在一定的差异,木质素含量降低,这可能的原因是外源基因抑制了基因的表达。
本研究为从分子水平改良纤维品质提供候选目的基因,为研究棉花纤维发育调控的分子机理提供理论基础。
Cotton is the world's leading fiber crop and is a mainstay of economy in China, which is the largest cotton producer and consumer around the world. Fiber is the major product of cotton production and the main raw material in textile industry. Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR, EC 1.2.1.44), one of the key enzymes in the first step of the phenylpropanoid pathway, catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of cinnamoyl-CoA esters to their corresponding cinnamaldehydes. A gene encoding Gossypium hirsutum Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 4 (GhCCR4) was isolated from cotton fiber. Here we examine the role of GhCCR4 in cotton development.
1) We choose transient expression assay system for test of GhCCR4 function in cotton fibers by using cotton ovule culture and biolistic transformation techniques. The transient expression vector pGUS-CCR4 is driven by CaMV35S promoter with GUS reporter gene and GhCCR4 gene. The conditions for bombardment were optimized : the highest transformation efficiency of GUS was obtained when 0 day of anthesis (0DPA) ovules were applied, bombardment include helium pressures of 1350 psi, distance of 9 cm and bomb times of twice. Histochemical staining showed that high levels of GhCCR4 gene expression was detected during the fiber rapid elongation stage and the secondary wall thickening stage in cultured ovules. Measurement of fiber length in different developmentally stage showed that the fiber length of the transgenic plants at the stage (8 DPA) was not different as compared to that of the wild-type plants . The fiber length in the transgenic plants reduced 19% compared with wild-type plants at the stage of 27 DPA. The cell wall of the transgenic fibre at the stage of 27 DPA was thicked as compared to that of the wild-type fibre. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the wall thickness of transgenic fibre was increased to 17% of that of the wild type. These findings suggest that GhCCR4 could play a critical role in the processes of elongation and secondary cell wall formation during fibre development.
2) An improved transformation system of meristem via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was established after studies on many influential factors. The transformation rate of anti-antibiotic reached 35% and the transformation cycle decreased to 2-3 months. Incorporated anti-antibiotic and molecular detection, Selective Strategy was upgraded after improving selection of transformation plants. Transgenic plants were obtained and some of them had been carried out their target-gene measurements in leaves. All the results showed that the state of the tip conditions and the Selective Strategy acted vital roles in transformation rate and cycle.
3) GhCCR4 were mediated into the cotton genome in identical direction via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. After pre-culture、co-culture、selective culture、sub-culture and root induction culture, neogenesis young shoots with kanamycin resistance were obtained finally. The PCR primers were designed to depend on the gene order of CaMV35S and NPTⅡ. Results of PCR indicated that the target gene had integrated into the genome successfully. The detection of transcription level indicated that they have visible different between transgenetic plant and control. The efficiency of sense enhancement and RNA interference is high in them, and exogenous gene restrain the expression of CCR.
4) The hot borate method for efficient isolation of cotton total RNA were improved in different cotton fibers. Cotton total RNA was isolated from different tissues of immature plants and expression of these genes was analyzed by RT-PCR. The expression of GhCCR4 gene was detected of every tissue in this article. GhCCR4 gene is expressed high in root and stipe. This experiments showed a differential expression pattern of mRNA levels in different cotton fiber. Expression of gene in other tissues and each tissue from different growth period will be further studied.
5) Transgenetic palnts of both sense enhancement and RNA interference were compared and analyzed through appearance viewing, lignin and cellulose content mensuration. The result show that it have some difference between them in morphous. The content of lignin cut down. The possible reason is the exogenous gene repressed the CCR expression.
Based on this data, we suggest that GhCCR4 may play an important role in the morphogenesis and secondary wall thickening of cotton by positively/negatively regulating the structure of cell wall in growing course. Our study presents important experimental evidence for the function of lignin and provides gene candidates for genetic improvement of cotton fiber quality.
为了明确棉花CCR基因的基本功能和对木质素含量的影响,我们利用已经从棉花中克隆的木质素生物合成的限速酶基因—肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶基因(GhCCR4),构建其瞬时表达载体,通过基因枪法转化棉花胚珠,研究基因表达对棉纤维发育的影响。然后利用农杆菌浸染法转化棉花,分析了GhCCR4的功能。实验结果如下:
1)实验构建了由CaMV35S启动子驱动的pGUS-CCR4融合表达载体,使用基因枪轰击法将其转化棉花胚珠,确定了转化0 DPA胚珠的最佳条件:轰击压力为1350 psi,轰击距离为9 cm,轰击次数为2次。GUS组织化学染色结果表明,GhCCR4基因在棉花纤维伸长期和次生壁增厚期持续表达。不同发育时期纤维长度测量结果发现,在8 d时转GhCCR4基因纤维长度和对照相比没有明显差别,但在27 d时纤维长度明显短于对照。纤维透射电镜切片观察发现,转GhCCR4基因的细胞次生壁与对照相比增厚达17 %。上述结果说明,GhCCR4基因在纤维细胞中的表达对棉花纤维的伸长起到了抑制作用并能够使细胞壁次生壁在一定程度上增厚。
2)对棉花茎尖农杆菌介导转化的多个因素进行了比较,完善了的农杆菌茎尖转化体系。在以农杆菌介导的棉花转化过程中,应以2天的无菌苗茎尖作为农杆菌的感染受体,激素的最佳配比浓度为KT 0.5 mg/L、IAA 0.1 mg/L,茎尖长势相对较好,出芽率最高;卡那霉素的最适筛选浓度为50 mg/L;扦插生根的方法能够缩短再生植株生育周期。使用上述方法,筛选抗性转化率达到35%以上,转化周期缩短至2-3个月。
3)利用农杆菌介导法获得了批量的抗性幼苗,为避免假阳性植株的出现,首先进行了卡那霉素点涂和GUS化学检测,获得阳性植株;以CaMV35S启动子和NPTⅡ报告基因序列设计引物,进行阳性植株PCR扩增,PCR检测的阳性率在30%左右。使用抗性筛选和分子检测相结合的方法,获得了12株转基因棉花。同时利用半定量PCR方法进行了转录水平的检测,发现他们与对照之间存在较为明显的差异,反义抑制的效率较高,抑制了CCR基因的表达。
4)改进了提取棉花不同时期纤维的RNA的热硼酸法。棉花GhCCR4基因在本文所检测的组织中均有所表达,尤其在根,茎杆中表达量较大,说明此基因有组织表达特异性。在棉纤维不同发育时期的转录水平有很大变化,在纤维发育初期(0-10 DPA)表达微弱,在15,20 DPA表达量最大,在25 DPA表达量降低,说明此基因在棉纤维伸长发育后期高效表达。
5)对GhCCR4基因过量表达和RNA干扰转基因棉花苗期形态观察、木质素和纤维素含量检测等方法进行比较和分析,发现他们与对照之间在植株形态上存在一定的差异,木质素含量降低,这可能的原因是外源基因抑制了基因的表达。
本研究为从分子水平改良纤维品质提供候选目的基因,为研究棉花纤维发育调控的分子机理提供理论基础。
Cotton is the world's leading fiber crop and is a mainstay of economy in China, which is the largest cotton producer and consumer around the world. Fiber is the major product of cotton production and the main raw material in textile industry. Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR, EC 1.2.1.44), one of the key enzymes in the first step of the phenylpropanoid pathway, catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of cinnamoyl-CoA esters to their corresponding cinnamaldehydes. A gene encoding Gossypium hirsutum Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 4 (GhCCR4) was isolated from cotton fiber. Here we examine the role of GhCCR4 in cotton development.
1) We choose transient expression assay system for test of GhCCR4 function in cotton fibers by using cotton ovule culture and biolistic transformation techniques. The transient expression vector pGUS-CCR4 is driven by CaMV35S promoter with GUS reporter gene and GhCCR4 gene. The conditions for bombardment were optimized : the highest transformation efficiency of GUS was obtained when 0 day of anthesis (0DPA) ovules were applied, bombardment include helium pressures of 1350 psi, distance of 9 cm and bomb times of twice. Histochemical staining showed that high levels of GhCCR4 gene expression was detected during the fiber rapid elongation stage and the secondary wall thickening stage in cultured ovules. Measurement of fiber length in different developmentally stage showed that the fiber length of the transgenic plants at the stage (8 DPA) was not different as compared to that of the wild-type plants . The fiber length in the transgenic plants reduced 19% compared with wild-type plants at the stage of 27 DPA. The cell wall of the transgenic fibre at the stage of 27 DPA was thicked as compared to that of the wild-type fibre. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the wall thickness of transgenic fibre was increased to 17% of that of the wild type. These findings suggest that GhCCR4 could play a critical role in the processes of elongation and secondary cell wall formation during fibre development.
2) An improved transformation system of meristem via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was established after studies on many influential factors. The transformation rate of anti-antibiotic reached 35% and the transformation cycle decreased to 2-3 months. Incorporated anti-antibiotic and molecular detection, Selective Strategy was upgraded after improving selection of transformation plants. Transgenic plants were obtained and some of them had been carried out their target-gene measurements in leaves. All the results showed that the state of the tip conditions and the Selective Strategy acted vital roles in transformation rate and cycle.
3) GhCCR4 were mediated into the cotton genome in identical direction via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. After pre-culture、co-culture、selective culture、sub-culture and root induction culture, neogenesis young shoots with kanamycin resistance were obtained finally. The PCR primers were designed to depend on the gene order of CaMV35S and NPTⅡ. Results of PCR indicated that the target gene had integrated into the genome successfully. The detection of transcription level indicated that they have visible different between transgenetic plant and control. The efficiency of sense enhancement and RNA interference is high in them, and exogenous gene restrain the expression of CCR.
4) The hot borate method for efficient isolation of cotton total RNA were improved in different cotton fibers. Cotton total RNA was isolated from different tissues of immature plants and expression of these genes was analyzed by RT-PCR. The expression of GhCCR4 gene was detected of every tissue in this article. GhCCR4 gene is expressed high in root and stipe. This experiments showed a differential expression pattern of mRNA levels in different cotton fiber. Expression of gene in other tissues and each tissue from different growth period will be further studied.
5) Transgenetic palnts of both sense enhancement and RNA interference were compared and analyzed through appearance viewing, lignin and cellulose content mensuration. The result show that it have some difference between them in morphous. The content of lignin cut down. The possible reason is the exogenous gene repressed the CCR expression.
Based on this data, we suggest that GhCCR4 may play an important role in the morphogenesis and secondary wall thickening of cotton by positively/negatively regulating the structure of cell wall in growing course. Our study presents important experimental evidence for the function of lignin and provides gene candidates for genetic improvement of cotton fiber quality.
引文
J.萨姆布鲁克,D W拉塞尔.黄培堂,沈倍奋译. 2002.分子克隆实验指南[M].第三版.北京:科学出版社,1951pp.
陈良兵,李永起. 2004.棉花纤维发育的分子研究进展[J].分子植物育种,2(1):105-111.
陈永忠,谭晓风,David C. 2003.木质素生物合成及其基因调控研究现状[J].江西农业大学学报,25(4):613-617.
代玉华. 2007. RNAi介导的抗RSV转基因水稻研究[D].中国农业科学院植物病理学博士学位论文,pp:7-9.
高原,陈信波,张志扬. 2007.木质素生物合成途径及其基因调控的研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2:47-51.
郭旺珍,孙敬,张天真. 2003.棉花纤维品质基因的克隆与分子育种[J].科学通报,48(5):410-417
郭香墨,范术丽,王红梅,等. 2007.我国棉花育种技术的创新与成就[J].棉花学报,19(15):323-330.
郭媖,郭旺珍,张天真. 2006.一个新的棉纤维表达蛋白cDNA的克隆、表达及功能初步分析[J].棉花学报,18(2):67-73.
胡根海,喻树迅. 2005.棉花基因克隆研究进展[J].棉花学报,17(4):240-244.
胡宏标,张文静,王友华,等. 2007.棉纤维加厚发育相关物质对纤维比强度的影响[J].西北植物学报,27(4):0726-0733.
蒋建雄,朱玉琴,虢利钢,等. 2005.棉纤维细胞初生发育过程中的基因表达[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),31(4):451-458.
科学技术部农村与社会发展司. 2002.国家转基因植物研究与产业化专项[EB/OL],[2009-04-15] http://www.most.gov.cn/tztg/200209/t20020911_8749.htm
李宝平,赵俊侠. 2001.关键因子对棉花利用农杆菌介导法导入外源基因的影响[J].作物学报,27(1):80-84.
李波,梁颖,柴友荣. 2006.植物肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶(CCR)基因的研究进展[J].分子植物育种,13(4):55-65.
李学宝,黄耿青,许文亮,等. 2005.棉花细胞壁蛋白基因分离鉴定与表达分析[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),39(4):509-513.
李燕娥,焦改丽,吴家和,等. 2000.棉花农杆菌介导高效转化体系[J].中国棉花,27(5):10-11.
刘传亮,武芝霞,张朝军,等. 2004.农杆菌介导棉花大规模高效转化体系的研究[J].西北植物学报,24(5):768-775.
刘方,张宝红,宋国立. 2004.棉花茎尖培养技术及应用[C].中国棉花学会2004年年会论文汇编,95-97.
孟钊红. 2006.陆地棉GhSH1a基因克隆及功能的初步分析[D].山西大学生物技术研究所硕士学位论文,96pp.
潘家驹. 1998.棉花育种学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.
秦江鸿,黄顶元,艾尼江,等. 2007.早熟陆地棉新品种新陆早36号[J].中国种业,9:75.
秦治翔,杨佑明,张春华,等. 2003.棉纤维次生壁增厚相关基因的cDNA克隆与分析[J].作物学报,29(6):860-866.
邱承祥. 2006.海岛棉纤维发育相关基因的克隆及表达研究[D].上海交通大学植物生物技术中心博士学位论文,pp53-58.
上官小霞,王凌健,李燕娥,等. 2007.对转蚕丝芯蛋白轻链基因棉花的分析[J].作物学报,33(5):697-702.
上官小霞,王凌健,李燕娥,等. 2008.棉花纤维发育的分子机理及品质改良研究进展[J].棉花学报,20(1):62-69.
宋洋,吴巧雯,郭三堆. 2008.制备棉花幼蕾高质量总RNA的方法比较[J].棉花学报,20(3):231-234.
孙善君,李仕贵,朱生伟,等. 2005.植物遗传转化方法及其在棉花品质改良育种中的应用[J].分子植物育种,3(2):233-239.
涂礼莉. 2007.海岛棉纤维发育相关基因表达谱分析及功能基因的发掘[D].华中农业大学作物遗传改良实验室博士学位论文,pp:4-9.
尉万聪. 2005.草甘膦诱导高表达基因及启动子的克隆和功能分析[D].中国农业科学院博士学位论文,pp:25-26.
魏建华,赵华燕,张景昱,等. 2001.毛白杨CCoAOMT cDNA片段的克隆与转基因杨木质素含量的调控[J].植物学报,43(11):1179-1183.
武耀廷,刘进元. 2004.一种高效提取棉花不同组织总RNA的热硼酸改良法[J].棉花学报,16(2):67-71.
武耀廷,刘进元. 2004.棉纤维细胞发育过程中非纤维素多糖的生物合成[J].棉花学报, 16(3):189-193.
杨坤,王琦,李艳红. 2005. RNA干涉及其在植物功能基因组学研究中的应用[J].植物生理学通讯,41(2):215-218.
杨伟华,项时康. 2001.对我国棉花品种结构调整的建议[J].中国棉花,25(5):34-36.
杨伟华. 2007.棉花质量安全研究进展[J].棉花学报,19(5):399-406.
杨佑明,徐楚年. 2003.棉纤维发育的分子生理机制[J].植物学通报,20(1):1-9.
于海川,吴娇,崔百明,等. 2008.棉花中两个新的F-box蛋白基因的克隆与表达分析[J].棉花学报. 20(2):99-104.
于晓玲,崔百明,卫海滨,等. 2007.基因枪转化法在棉纤维细胞中瞬时表达外源基因的研究[J].棉花学报,19(6):419-423.
喻树迅. 2007.棉花纤维品质功能基因组学研究与分子改良研究进展[J].中国基础科学,18(4):18-21.
张辉,汤文开,李学宝,等. 2007.棉纤维发育及其相关基因表达调控研究进展[J].植物学通报,24(2):127-133.
张天真,郭旺珍. 2007.棉花分子育种的现状、问题与展望[J].中国农业科技导报,9(2):19-25.
张天真. 2000.棉花纤维品质分子育种的现状及展望[J].棉花学报,12(6):321-326.
张天真,孙敬. 1992.陆地棉无絮棉突变体纤维初始发育的体外诱导[J].棉花学报,4(2):84.
张文静,胡宏标,陈兵林,等. 2007.棉纤维加厚发育生理特性的基因型差异及对纤维比强度的影响[J].作物学报,33(4):531-538.
赵广荣,刘进元. 2002.棉纤维形态建成研究的新进展[J],棉花学报,14(2):121-125.
赵威,孟和,李婧,等. 2005. 5-羟色胺4受体mRNA在仔猪不同组织的表达[J].上海交通大学学报,23(3):261-265.
朱乾浩. 2000.棉纤维品质改良的分子生物学基础[J].棉花学报,12(3):159-163.
Amarjit S B,Malik C P. 1984. Development of cotton fibre [J]. International Review of Cytology,89:65-113.
Amor Y,Haigler C H,Johnson S,et al. 1995. A membrane-associated form of sucrose synthase and its potential role in synthesis of cellulose and callose [J]. PNAS,92:9353-9357.
Ann M P,Claudia L C,Fiona C C,et al. 2005. Reassessment of effects on lignification and vascular development in the irx4 Arabidopsis mutant [J]. Phytochemistry,66:2092-2107.
Baghdady A,Blervacq A S,Jouanin L,et al. 2006. Eucalyptus gunnii CCR and CAD2 promoters are active in lignifying cells during primary and secondary xylem formation in Arabidopsis thaliana [J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,44:674-683.
Baltas.M,Lapeyre C,Bedos B F,et al. 2005. Kinetic and inhibition studies of cinnamoyl CoA reductase 1 from Arabidopsis thaliana [J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,43:746-753.
Baucher M,Halpin C,Petit C M,et al. 2003. Lignin:genetic engineering and impact on pulping [J].Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,38:305-350.
Beasley C A,Ting I P. 1973. The effects of plant growth substances on in vitro fiber development from fertilized cotton ovules [J]. Am J Bot,60:130-139.
Beasley C A,Birnbaum E H,Dugger W M,et al. 1974. A quantitative procedure for estimating cotton fiber growth [J]. Stain Technol,49(2):85-92.
Buchanan B B,Wilhelm G,Russell L J. 2000. Biochemistry and molecular biology of plant [M]. Rockville:American Society of Plant Physiologists,pp:1057-1061.
Chabannes M,Barakate A,Lapierre C,et.al. 2001. Strong decrease in lignin content without significant alteration of plant development is induced by simultaneous down-regulation of cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) in tobacco plants[J]. Plant Journal,28:257-270.
Chuang C F,Meyeorwitz E M. 2000. Specific and heritable genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Arabidopsis thaliana [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,97:4985-4990.
David M U. 1969. Semimicro Determination of Cellulose in Biological Materials [J]. Analytical Biochemistry,32:420-424.
Davin L M,Lewis N C. 2000. Dirigent protein sand dirigent sites explain the mystery of specificity of radical precursor coupling in lignan and lignin biosynthesis [J]. Plant Physiol,123:453-461.
Delmer D P. 1999. Cellulose biosynthesis in developing cotton fibers[M]. New York:New York Food Products Press,pp:85-111.
Elbashir S M,Harborth J,Lendeckel W,et al. 2001. Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells [J]. Nature,411:494-498.
Fan L,Linker R,Gepstein S,et al. 2006. Progressive inhibition by water deficit of cell wall extensibility and growth along the elongation zone of maize roots is related to increased lignin metabolism and progressive stelar accumulation of wall phenolics [J]. Plant Physiology,140(2):603-612.
Feng J,Ji S,Zhu Y. 2004. Analysis of five differentially expressed gene families in fast elongating cotton fiber [J]. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica,36:51-56.
Fiona S P,RenéE V,Robert C E,et al. 2003. Sequence variation in two lignin biosynthesis genes,cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (CAD2) [J]. Molecular Breeding,12:107-118.
Fire A,Xu S,Mont G K,et al. 1998. Potent and specific genetic interference by double-standed RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans [J]. Nature,39:806-811.
Gaelle P,Matthieu C,Catherine L,et al. 2001. Simultaneous down-regulation of caffeic/5-hydroxy ferulic acid-O- methyltransferase I and cinnamoyl Co-enzyme A reductase in the progeny from a cross between tobacco lines homozygous for each transgene consequences for plant development and lignin synthesis [J]. Acta Biochimi Plant Physiology,5(126):145–155.
Gou J Y,Wang L J,Chen S P,et al. 2007. Gene expression and metabolite profiles of cotton fiber during cell elongation and secondary cell wall synthesis [J]. Cell Res,17:422-434.
Han Y,Grierson D. 2002. Relationship between small antisense RNAs and aberrant RNAs associated with sense transgene mediated gene silencing in tomato [J]. Plant J,29:509-519.
Harmer S E,Orford S J,Timmis J N. 2002. Characterisation of six alpha-expansion genes in Gossypium hirsutum (upland cotton) [J]. Mol Genet Genetics and Genomics,268:1-9.
Hatfield R,Verrnerris W. 2001. Lignin formation in plants. The Dilemma of linkage Specificity [J]. Plant Physiology,126:1351-1357.
Heddwyn J. 1995. Plant Gene Transfer and Expression Protocols- Methods in Molecular Biology [M].Totowa N J:Humana Press Inc,pp:125-141.
Hee J K,Marian Y W,Barbara A T. 2002. A novel expression assay system for fiber-specific promoters in developing cotton fibers [J]. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter,20:7-18.
Hoffmann L.,Besseau S.,Geoffroy P.,et al. 2004. Silencing of hydroxycinnamoyl- coenzyme A shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase affects phenylpropanoid biosynthesis [J]. Plant Cell,16:1446-1465.
Humphreys J M,Chapple C. 2002. Rewriting the lignin roadmap [J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,5(3):224-229.
Iiyama K,Lam T B T,Stone B A. 1994. Covalent crosslinks in the cell wall [J]. Plant Physiology,104:315-320.
Itoh T. 1974. Fine structure and formation of cell wall of developing cotton fiber [J]. Wood Research,56:49-61.
Jean H. G,Magallanes C. 1998. Adaptation of Cotton Shoot Apex Culture to Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation [J]. Plant Molecular Biology Rep,16:1-10.
Jefferson R A,Wilson K J. 1991. The GUS gene fusion system [J]. Plant Molecular Biology,B14:1-33.
Jefferson R.A ,Kavanagh T A,Sevan M.W. 1987. GUS fusionsβ-glucuronidase as a sensitive and versatile gene fusion marker in higher plants [J]. EMBO J,6(13):3901-3907.
Joel P,Catherine L,Myton K,et al. 1998. Down-regulation of ccr induces significant changes of lignin profiles in transgenic tobacco plants [J]. The Plant Journal. 13(1):71-83.
John M E. 1999. Cotton Fibers:Developmental Biology,Quality Improvement,and Textile Processing [C]. New York:Food Products Press,1874pp.
Jones L,Ennos A R,Turner S R. 2001. Cloning and characterization of irregular xylem4 (irx4):a severely lignin-deficient mutant of Arabidopsis [J]. Plant Journal,26:205-216.
Kajita S,Hishiyama S,Tomimura Y,et al. 1997. Structural characterization of modified lignin in transgenic tobacco plants in which the activity of 4-coumarate:coenzyme a ligase is depressed [J]. Plant Physiol,114(3):871-879.
Kajita S,Ishifuji M,Ougiya H,et al.2002. Improvement in pulping and bleaching properties of xylem from transgenic tobacco plants [J]. J Sci Food Agric,82(10):1216-1223.
Kim C,Han K,Kim J,et al. 2002. Femcoat,a novel eggshell protein in Drosophila:functional analysis by double stranded RNA interference [J]. Mechanisms of development,110(12):61-70.
Kim H J,Triplett B A. 2001. Cotton fiber growth in planta and in vitro:models for plant cell elongation and cell wall biogenesis [J]. Plant Physiology,127:1361-1366.
Kim H J,Tripiett BA. 2004. Cotton fiber germin-like protein I molecular cloning and gene expression [J]. Planta,218:516-520.
Kristopher A B,Joon W C,Ann P O,et al. 2003. A lignin-specific peroxidase in tobacco whose antisense suppression [J]. Phytochemistry,64:163-176.
Leslie E S,Meyerowitz E M. 1997. Molecular dissection of the AGAMOUS control region shows that cis elements for spatial regulation are located intragenically [J]. Plant Cell,9(3):355-365.
Lewis N G,Yamamoto E. 1990. Lignin-occurrence,biogenesis and biodegradation [J]. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology,41:455-496.
Li X,Wang X D,Zhao X,et al. 2004. Improvement of cotton fiber quality by transforming the acsA and acsB genes into Gossypium hirsutum L. by means of vacuum infiltration [J]. Plant Cell Represent,22:691-697.
Li X B,Xiao P F,Xiu L W,et al. 2005. The cotton ACTIN1 gene is functionally expressed in fibers and participates in fiber elongation [J]. The Plant Cell,17:859-875.
Li Y L,Sun J,Xia G X. 2005. Cloning and characterization of a gene for an LRR receptor-like protein kinase associated with cotton fiber development [J]. Mol Genet Genomics,273:217-224.
Loguercio L L,Zhang J Q,Wilkins T A. 1999. Differential regulation of six novel MYB-domain genes defines two distinct expression patterns in allotetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) [J]. Mol Gen Genel,261:660-671.
Lukas B,Anna C,Corinna D,et al. 2003. Transport of cytokinins mediated by purine transporters of the PVP family expressed in phloem,hydathodes,and pollen of Arabidopsis [J]. The Plant Journal,34:13-26.
Marc B,Wilhelm H,Steven P G,et al. 2007. RNAi-dependent and -independent RNA turnover mechanisms contribute to heterochromatic gene silencing [J]. Cell,129:707-721.
Marie B,Chabbert B,Pilate G,et al. 1996. Red xylem and higher lignin extractibility by down-regulating a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in poplar [J]. Plant Physiol,112:1479-1490.
Mohammad M D,Jimmy B S,Katia R,et al. 2008. Redirection of the phenylpropanoid pathway to feruloyl malate in Arabidopsis mutants de Wcient for cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 1 [J]. Planta,227(5):943-956.
Peng G,Zhao P M,Wang J,et al. 2007. Identification of genes preferentially expressed in cotton fibers:A possible role of calcium signaling in cotton fiber elongation [J]. Plant Science,173:61-69.
Potikha T S,Collins C C,Johnson D I,et al. 1999. The involvement of hydrogen peroxide in the differentiation of secondary walls in cotton fibers [J]. Plant Physiology,119(3):849-858.
Rinehart J A,Eteraen M W,John M E. 1996. Tissue-specific and developmental regulation of cotton gene FbL2A. demonstration of promoter activity in transgenic plants [J]. Plant Physiol,112:1331-1341.
Rogers L A,Campbell M M. 2004. The genetic control of lignin deposition during plant grow than development [J]. New Phytologist,164:17-30.
Ruan Y L,Llewellyn D J,Furbank R T. 2003. Suppression of sucrose synthase gene expression repressescotton fiber cell initiation,elongation,and seed development [J]. Plant Cell,15:952-964
Ruan Y L,Llewellyn D J,Furbank R T,et al. 2005. The delayed initiation and slow elongation of fuzz-like short fibre cells in relation to altered patterns of sucrose synthase expression and plasmodesmata gating in a lintless mutant of cotton [J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,56:977-984.
Samuel Y S,Cheung F,Lee J J,et al. 2006. Accumulation of genome-specific transcripts transcription factors and phytohormonal regulators during early stages of fiber cell development in allotetraploid cotton [J]. Plant J,47:761-775.
Sijen T,Fleenor J,Simmer F,et al. 2001. On the role of RNA amplification in dsRNA triggered gene silencing [J]. Cell,16(107):465-476.
Smart L B,Vojdani F,Wan C Y,et al. 1996. Regulation of genes involved in cell elongation during cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber development[J]. Plant Physiology,111(2):648.
Somerville C,Bauer S,Brininstool G,et al. 2004. Toward a systems approach to understanding plant cell walls [J]. Science ,306:2206-2211.
Song P,Allen R D. 1997. Identification of a cotton fiber specific acyl carrier protein cDNA by differential display [J]. Biochim Biophys Acta,1351:305-312.
Stephen C F. 2004. Primary cell wall metabolism:tracking the careers of wall polymers in living plant cells [J]. New phytologist,161:641-675.
Suo J F,Liang X E,Pu L,et al. 2003. Identification of GhMYB109 encoding a R2R3 MYB transcription factor that expressed specifically in fiber initials and elongating fibers of cotton( Gossypium hirsutum L.) [J]. Biochim Biophys Acta,1630:25-34.
Tan H,Creech R G,Jenkins J N,et al. 2001. Cloning and expression analysis of two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)genes encoding cell wall proline-rich proteins [J]. DNA Seq,12:367-380.
Tang G,Zamore P D. 2004. Biochemical dissection of RNA silencing in plants [J]. Methods Mol Biol,257:223-244.
Taylor N G,Howells R M,Huttly A K,et al. 2003. Interactions among three distinct CesA proteins essential for cellulose synthesis [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,100(3):1450-1455.
Thomas G,Richard S,Aymerick E,et al. 2003. Genes involved in the biosynthesis of lignin precursors in Arabidopsis thaliana [J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,41:677-687.
Thomas G,Valerie F,Isabelle M,et al. 2003. Down-regulation of the AtCCR1 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana:effects on phenotype,lignins and cell wall degradability [J]. Planta,217(2):973-989.
Tiwari S C,Wilkins T A. 1995. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seed trichomes expand via diffuse growing mechanism [J]. Can J Bot,73:746-757.
van der Rest B,Danoun S,Boudet A M,et al. 2006. Down regulation of cinnamoyl-CoA reductase in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) induces dramatic changes in soluble phenolic pools [J]. JournalExpress Botanic,57:1399–1411.
Wan C Y,Wilkins T A. 1994. A modified hot borate method significantly enhances the yield of high-quality RNA from cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) [J]. Analytical Biochemistry,223:7-12.
Wang S,Wang J W,Yu N,et al. 2004. Control of plant trichome development by a cotton fiber MYB gene [J]. Plant Cell,16:2323-2334.
Wang Y X,Wang X F,Ma Z Y,et al.2006. Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Two Recalcitrant Genotypes of Gossypium hirsutum L [J]. Agricultural Sciences in China,5(5):323-329.
Waterhouse P M,Helilwell C A. 2003. Exploring plant genomes by RNA-induecd gene silencing [J]. Nat Rev Genet,4:29-38.
Wilkins T,Arpat A,Sickler B. 2005. Cotton fiber genomics:Developmental mechanisms [J]. Pflanzenschutz- Nachrichten Bayer,58:119-139.
Wilson K J,Gilier K E,Jefferson R A. 1991. Beta-glucronidase (GUS) operon fusions as a tool for studying plant-microbe interactions [J]. Anvances in molecular cenetics of plant-microbe interactions,10:226-229.
Wout B,John R,Marie B. 2003. Lignin biosynthesis [J]. Annu. Rev. Plant Biology,54:519-46.
Wu Y,Machado A C,White R G,et al. 2006. Expression profiling identifies genes expressed early during lint fibre initiation in cotton [J]. Plant Cell Physiol,47:107-127.
Xiao Y H,Zhang Z S,Yan P,et al. 2007. Cotton flavonoid structural genes related to the pigmentation in brown fibers [J]. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,358:73-78.
Xu W L,Wang X L,Li X B. 2007. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of nine cotton GhEF1A genes encoding translation elongation factor 1A [J]. Gene,389:27-35.
Xu Y,Li H B,Zhu Y X. 2007. Molecular biological and biochemical studies reveal new pathways important for cotton fiber development [J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,49 (1):69-74.
Yang Y M,Xu C N,Wang B M,et al. 2001. Effects of plant growth regulators on the secondary wall thickening of cotton fiber [J]. Plant Growth Regul,35:233-237.
Yuan Y L,Llewellyn D J,Furbank R T. 2001.The control of single-celled cotton fiber elongation by developmentally reversible gating of plasmodesmata and coordinated expression of sucrose and K+ transporters and expansion [J]. Plant Cell,13:47-60.
Zhao G T,Liu J Y. 2002. Isolation of a cotton RGP gene:a homolog of reversibly glycosylated polypeptide highly expressed during fiber development [J]. Biochim Biophys Acta,1574(3):370-374.
Zhao H Y,Wei J H,Lu J,et al. cDNA cloning and functional analysis of 4-courmarate-CoA:ligase (4CL) gene in Chinese white aspen. Prog Nat Sci,2003,13(12):895-900.
陈良兵,李永起. 2004.棉花纤维发育的分子研究进展[J].分子植物育种,2(1):105-111.
陈永忠,谭晓风,David C. 2003.木质素生物合成及其基因调控研究现状[J].江西农业大学学报,25(4):613-617.
代玉华. 2007. RNAi介导的抗RSV转基因水稻研究[D].中国农业科学院植物病理学博士学位论文,pp:7-9.
高原,陈信波,张志扬. 2007.木质素生物合成途径及其基因调控的研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2:47-51.
郭旺珍,孙敬,张天真. 2003.棉花纤维品质基因的克隆与分子育种[J].科学通报,48(5):410-417
郭香墨,范术丽,王红梅,等. 2007.我国棉花育种技术的创新与成就[J].棉花学报,19(15):323-330.
郭媖,郭旺珍,张天真. 2006.一个新的棉纤维表达蛋白cDNA的克隆、表达及功能初步分析[J].棉花学报,18(2):67-73.
胡根海,喻树迅. 2005.棉花基因克隆研究进展[J].棉花学报,17(4):240-244.
胡宏标,张文静,王友华,等. 2007.棉纤维加厚发育相关物质对纤维比强度的影响[J].西北植物学报,27(4):0726-0733.
蒋建雄,朱玉琴,虢利钢,等. 2005.棉纤维细胞初生发育过程中的基因表达[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),31(4):451-458.
科学技术部农村与社会发展司. 2002.国家转基因植物研究与产业化专项[EB/OL],[2009-04-15] http://www.most.gov.cn/tztg/200209/t20020911_8749.htm
李宝平,赵俊侠. 2001.关键因子对棉花利用农杆菌介导法导入外源基因的影响[J].作物学报,27(1):80-84.
李波,梁颖,柴友荣. 2006.植物肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶(CCR)基因的研究进展[J].分子植物育种,13(4):55-65.
李学宝,黄耿青,许文亮,等. 2005.棉花细胞壁蛋白基因分离鉴定与表达分析[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),39(4):509-513.
李燕娥,焦改丽,吴家和,等. 2000.棉花农杆菌介导高效转化体系[J].中国棉花,27(5):10-11.
刘传亮,武芝霞,张朝军,等. 2004.农杆菌介导棉花大规模高效转化体系的研究[J].西北植物学报,24(5):768-775.
刘方,张宝红,宋国立. 2004.棉花茎尖培养技术及应用[C].中国棉花学会2004年年会论文汇编,95-97.
孟钊红. 2006.陆地棉GhSH1a基因克隆及功能的初步分析[D].山西大学生物技术研究所硕士学位论文,96pp.
潘家驹. 1998.棉花育种学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.
秦江鸿,黄顶元,艾尼江,等. 2007.早熟陆地棉新品种新陆早36号[J].中国种业,9:75.
秦治翔,杨佑明,张春华,等. 2003.棉纤维次生壁增厚相关基因的cDNA克隆与分析[J].作物学报,29(6):860-866.
邱承祥. 2006.海岛棉纤维发育相关基因的克隆及表达研究[D].上海交通大学植物生物技术中心博士学位论文,pp53-58.
上官小霞,王凌健,李燕娥,等. 2007.对转蚕丝芯蛋白轻链基因棉花的分析[J].作物学报,33(5):697-702.
上官小霞,王凌健,李燕娥,等. 2008.棉花纤维发育的分子机理及品质改良研究进展[J].棉花学报,20(1):62-69.
宋洋,吴巧雯,郭三堆. 2008.制备棉花幼蕾高质量总RNA的方法比较[J].棉花学报,20(3):231-234.
孙善君,李仕贵,朱生伟,等. 2005.植物遗传转化方法及其在棉花品质改良育种中的应用[J].分子植物育种,3(2):233-239.
涂礼莉. 2007.海岛棉纤维发育相关基因表达谱分析及功能基因的发掘[D].华中农业大学作物遗传改良实验室博士学位论文,pp:4-9.
尉万聪. 2005.草甘膦诱导高表达基因及启动子的克隆和功能分析[D].中国农业科学院博士学位论文,pp:25-26.
魏建华,赵华燕,张景昱,等. 2001.毛白杨CCoAOMT cDNA片段的克隆与转基因杨木质素含量的调控[J].植物学报,43(11):1179-1183.
武耀廷,刘进元. 2004.一种高效提取棉花不同组织总RNA的热硼酸改良法[J].棉花学报,16(2):67-71.
武耀廷,刘进元. 2004.棉纤维细胞发育过程中非纤维素多糖的生物合成[J].棉花学报, 16(3):189-193.
杨坤,王琦,李艳红. 2005. RNA干涉及其在植物功能基因组学研究中的应用[J].植物生理学通讯,41(2):215-218.
杨伟华,项时康. 2001.对我国棉花品种结构调整的建议[J].中国棉花,25(5):34-36.
杨伟华. 2007.棉花质量安全研究进展[J].棉花学报,19(5):399-406.
杨佑明,徐楚年. 2003.棉纤维发育的分子生理机制[J].植物学通报,20(1):1-9.
于海川,吴娇,崔百明,等. 2008.棉花中两个新的F-box蛋白基因的克隆与表达分析[J].棉花学报. 20(2):99-104.
于晓玲,崔百明,卫海滨,等. 2007.基因枪转化法在棉纤维细胞中瞬时表达外源基因的研究[J].棉花学报,19(6):419-423.
喻树迅. 2007.棉花纤维品质功能基因组学研究与分子改良研究进展[J].中国基础科学,18(4):18-21.
张辉,汤文开,李学宝,等. 2007.棉纤维发育及其相关基因表达调控研究进展[J].植物学通报,24(2):127-133.
张天真,郭旺珍. 2007.棉花分子育种的现状、问题与展望[J].中国农业科技导报,9(2):19-25.
张天真. 2000.棉花纤维品质分子育种的现状及展望[J].棉花学报,12(6):321-326.
张天真,孙敬. 1992.陆地棉无絮棉突变体纤维初始发育的体外诱导[J].棉花学报,4(2):84.
张文静,胡宏标,陈兵林,等. 2007.棉纤维加厚发育生理特性的基因型差异及对纤维比强度的影响[J].作物学报,33(4):531-538.
赵广荣,刘进元. 2002.棉纤维形态建成研究的新进展[J],棉花学报,14(2):121-125.
赵威,孟和,李婧,等. 2005. 5-羟色胺4受体mRNA在仔猪不同组织的表达[J].上海交通大学学报,23(3):261-265.
朱乾浩. 2000.棉纤维品质改良的分子生物学基础[J].棉花学报,12(3):159-163.
Amarjit S B,Malik C P. 1984. Development of cotton fibre [J]. International Review of Cytology,89:65-113.
Amor Y,Haigler C H,Johnson S,et al. 1995. A membrane-associated form of sucrose synthase and its potential role in synthesis of cellulose and callose [J]. PNAS,92:9353-9357.
Ann M P,Claudia L C,Fiona C C,et al. 2005. Reassessment of effects on lignification and vascular development in the irx4 Arabidopsis mutant [J]. Phytochemistry,66:2092-2107.
Baghdady A,Blervacq A S,Jouanin L,et al. 2006. Eucalyptus gunnii CCR and CAD2 promoters are active in lignifying cells during primary and secondary xylem formation in Arabidopsis thaliana [J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,44:674-683.
Baltas.M,Lapeyre C,Bedos B F,et al. 2005. Kinetic and inhibition studies of cinnamoyl CoA reductase 1 from Arabidopsis thaliana [J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,43:746-753.
Baucher M,Halpin C,Petit C M,et al. 2003. Lignin:genetic engineering and impact on pulping [J].Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,38:305-350.
Beasley C A,Ting I P. 1973. The effects of plant growth substances on in vitro fiber development from fertilized cotton ovules [J]. Am J Bot,60:130-139.
Beasley C A,Birnbaum E H,Dugger W M,et al. 1974. A quantitative procedure for estimating cotton fiber growth [J]. Stain Technol,49(2):85-92.
Buchanan B B,Wilhelm G,Russell L J. 2000. Biochemistry and molecular biology of plant [M]. Rockville:American Society of Plant Physiologists,pp:1057-1061.
Chabannes M,Barakate A,Lapierre C,et.al. 2001. Strong decrease in lignin content without significant alteration of plant development is induced by simultaneous down-regulation of cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) in tobacco plants[J]. Plant Journal,28:257-270.
Chuang C F,Meyeorwitz E M. 2000. Specific and heritable genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Arabidopsis thaliana [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,97:4985-4990.
David M U. 1969. Semimicro Determination of Cellulose in Biological Materials [J]. Analytical Biochemistry,32:420-424.
Davin L M,Lewis N C. 2000. Dirigent protein sand dirigent sites explain the mystery of specificity of radical precursor coupling in lignan and lignin biosynthesis [J]. Plant Physiol,123:453-461.
Delmer D P. 1999. Cellulose biosynthesis in developing cotton fibers[M]. New York:New York Food Products Press,pp:85-111.
Elbashir S M,Harborth J,Lendeckel W,et al. 2001. Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells [J]. Nature,411:494-498.
Fan L,Linker R,Gepstein S,et al. 2006. Progressive inhibition by water deficit of cell wall extensibility and growth along the elongation zone of maize roots is related to increased lignin metabolism and progressive stelar accumulation of wall phenolics [J]. Plant Physiology,140(2):603-612.
Feng J,Ji S,Zhu Y. 2004. Analysis of five differentially expressed gene families in fast elongating cotton fiber [J]. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica,36:51-56.
Fiona S P,RenéE V,Robert C E,et al. 2003. Sequence variation in two lignin biosynthesis genes,cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (CAD2) [J]. Molecular Breeding,12:107-118.
Fire A,Xu S,Mont G K,et al. 1998. Potent and specific genetic interference by double-standed RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans [J]. Nature,39:806-811.
Gaelle P,Matthieu C,Catherine L,et al. 2001. Simultaneous down-regulation of caffeic/5-hydroxy ferulic acid-O- methyltransferase I and cinnamoyl Co-enzyme A reductase in the progeny from a cross between tobacco lines homozygous for each transgene consequences for plant development and lignin synthesis [J]. Acta Biochimi Plant Physiology,5(126):145–155.
Gou J Y,Wang L J,Chen S P,et al. 2007. Gene expression and metabolite profiles of cotton fiber during cell elongation and secondary cell wall synthesis [J]. Cell Res,17:422-434.
Han Y,Grierson D. 2002. Relationship between small antisense RNAs and aberrant RNAs associated with sense transgene mediated gene silencing in tomato [J]. Plant J,29:509-519.
Harmer S E,Orford S J,Timmis J N. 2002. Characterisation of six alpha-expansion genes in Gossypium hirsutum (upland cotton) [J]. Mol Genet Genetics and Genomics,268:1-9.
Hatfield R,Verrnerris W. 2001. Lignin formation in plants. The Dilemma of linkage Specificity [J]. Plant Physiology,126:1351-1357.
Heddwyn J. 1995. Plant Gene Transfer and Expression Protocols- Methods in Molecular Biology [M].Totowa N J:Humana Press Inc,pp:125-141.
Hee J K,Marian Y W,Barbara A T. 2002. A novel expression assay system for fiber-specific promoters in developing cotton fibers [J]. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter,20:7-18.
Hoffmann L.,Besseau S.,Geoffroy P.,et al. 2004. Silencing of hydroxycinnamoyl- coenzyme A shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase affects phenylpropanoid biosynthesis [J]. Plant Cell,16:1446-1465.
Humphreys J M,Chapple C. 2002. Rewriting the lignin roadmap [J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,5(3):224-229.
Iiyama K,Lam T B T,Stone B A. 1994. Covalent crosslinks in the cell wall [J]. Plant Physiology,104:315-320.
Itoh T. 1974. Fine structure and formation of cell wall of developing cotton fiber [J]. Wood Research,56:49-61.
Jean H. G,Magallanes C. 1998. Adaptation of Cotton Shoot Apex Culture to Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation [J]. Plant Molecular Biology Rep,16:1-10.
Jefferson R A,Wilson K J. 1991. The GUS gene fusion system [J]. Plant Molecular Biology,B14:1-33.
Jefferson R.A ,Kavanagh T A,Sevan M.W. 1987. GUS fusionsβ-glucuronidase as a sensitive and versatile gene fusion marker in higher plants [J]. EMBO J,6(13):3901-3907.
Joel P,Catherine L,Myton K,et al. 1998. Down-regulation of ccr induces significant changes of lignin profiles in transgenic tobacco plants [J]. The Plant Journal. 13(1):71-83.
John M E. 1999. Cotton Fibers:Developmental Biology,Quality Improvement,and Textile Processing [C]. New York:Food Products Press,1874pp.
Jones L,Ennos A R,Turner S R. 2001. Cloning and characterization of irregular xylem4 (irx4):a severely lignin-deficient mutant of Arabidopsis [J]. Plant Journal,26:205-216.
Kajita S,Hishiyama S,Tomimura Y,et al. 1997. Structural characterization of modified lignin in transgenic tobacco plants in which the activity of 4-coumarate:coenzyme a ligase is depressed [J]. Plant Physiol,114(3):871-879.
Kajita S,Ishifuji M,Ougiya H,et al.2002. Improvement in pulping and bleaching properties of xylem from transgenic tobacco plants [J]. J Sci Food Agric,82(10):1216-1223.
Kim C,Han K,Kim J,et al. 2002. Femcoat,a novel eggshell protein in Drosophila:functional analysis by double stranded RNA interference [J]. Mechanisms of development,110(12):61-70.
Kim H J,Triplett B A. 2001. Cotton fiber growth in planta and in vitro:models for plant cell elongation and cell wall biogenesis [J]. Plant Physiology,127:1361-1366.
Kim H J,Tripiett BA. 2004. Cotton fiber germin-like protein I molecular cloning and gene expression [J]. Planta,218:516-520.
Kristopher A B,Joon W C,Ann P O,et al. 2003. A lignin-specific peroxidase in tobacco whose antisense suppression [J]. Phytochemistry,64:163-176.
Leslie E S,Meyerowitz E M. 1997. Molecular dissection of the AGAMOUS control region shows that cis elements for spatial regulation are located intragenically [J]. Plant Cell,9(3):355-365.
Lewis N G,Yamamoto E. 1990. Lignin-occurrence,biogenesis and biodegradation [J]. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology,41:455-496.
Li X,Wang X D,Zhao X,et al. 2004. Improvement of cotton fiber quality by transforming the acsA and acsB genes into Gossypium hirsutum L. by means of vacuum infiltration [J]. Plant Cell Represent,22:691-697.
Li X B,Xiao P F,Xiu L W,et al. 2005. The cotton ACTIN1 gene is functionally expressed in fibers and participates in fiber elongation [J]. The Plant Cell,17:859-875.
Li Y L,Sun J,Xia G X. 2005. Cloning and characterization of a gene for an LRR receptor-like protein kinase associated with cotton fiber development [J]. Mol Genet Genomics,273:217-224.
Loguercio L L,Zhang J Q,Wilkins T A. 1999. Differential regulation of six novel MYB-domain genes defines two distinct expression patterns in allotetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) [J]. Mol Gen Genel,261:660-671.
Lukas B,Anna C,Corinna D,et al. 2003. Transport of cytokinins mediated by purine transporters of the PVP family expressed in phloem,hydathodes,and pollen of Arabidopsis [J]. The Plant Journal,34:13-26.
Marc B,Wilhelm H,Steven P G,et al. 2007. RNAi-dependent and -independent RNA turnover mechanisms contribute to heterochromatic gene silencing [J]. Cell,129:707-721.
Marie B,Chabbert B,Pilate G,et al. 1996. Red xylem and higher lignin extractibility by down-regulating a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in poplar [J]. Plant Physiol,112:1479-1490.
Mohammad M D,Jimmy B S,Katia R,et al. 2008. Redirection of the phenylpropanoid pathway to feruloyl malate in Arabidopsis mutants de Wcient for cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 1 [J]. Planta,227(5):943-956.
Peng G,Zhao P M,Wang J,et al. 2007. Identification of genes preferentially expressed in cotton fibers:A possible role of calcium signaling in cotton fiber elongation [J]. Plant Science,173:61-69.
Potikha T S,Collins C C,Johnson D I,et al. 1999. The involvement of hydrogen peroxide in the differentiation of secondary walls in cotton fibers [J]. Plant Physiology,119(3):849-858.
Rinehart J A,Eteraen M W,John M E. 1996. Tissue-specific and developmental regulation of cotton gene FbL2A. demonstration of promoter activity in transgenic plants [J]. Plant Physiol,112:1331-1341.
Rogers L A,Campbell M M. 2004. The genetic control of lignin deposition during plant grow than development [J]. New Phytologist,164:17-30.
Ruan Y L,Llewellyn D J,Furbank R T. 2003. Suppression of sucrose synthase gene expression repressescotton fiber cell initiation,elongation,and seed development [J]. Plant Cell,15:952-964
Ruan Y L,Llewellyn D J,Furbank R T,et al. 2005. The delayed initiation and slow elongation of fuzz-like short fibre cells in relation to altered patterns of sucrose synthase expression and plasmodesmata gating in a lintless mutant of cotton [J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,56:977-984.
Samuel Y S,Cheung F,Lee J J,et al. 2006. Accumulation of genome-specific transcripts transcription factors and phytohormonal regulators during early stages of fiber cell development in allotetraploid cotton [J]. Plant J,47:761-775.
Sijen T,Fleenor J,Simmer F,et al. 2001. On the role of RNA amplification in dsRNA triggered gene silencing [J]. Cell,16(107):465-476.
Smart L B,Vojdani F,Wan C Y,et al. 1996. Regulation of genes involved in cell elongation during cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber development[J]. Plant Physiology,111(2):648.
Somerville C,Bauer S,Brininstool G,et al. 2004. Toward a systems approach to understanding plant cell walls [J]. Science ,306:2206-2211.
Song P,Allen R D. 1997. Identification of a cotton fiber specific acyl carrier protein cDNA by differential display [J]. Biochim Biophys Acta,1351:305-312.
Stephen C F. 2004. Primary cell wall metabolism:tracking the careers of wall polymers in living plant cells [J]. New phytologist,161:641-675.
Suo J F,Liang X E,Pu L,et al. 2003. Identification of GhMYB109 encoding a R2R3 MYB transcription factor that expressed specifically in fiber initials and elongating fibers of cotton( Gossypium hirsutum L.) [J]. Biochim Biophys Acta,1630:25-34.
Tan H,Creech R G,Jenkins J N,et al. 2001. Cloning and expression analysis of two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)genes encoding cell wall proline-rich proteins [J]. DNA Seq,12:367-380.
Tang G,Zamore P D. 2004. Biochemical dissection of RNA silencing in plants [J]. Methods Mol Biol,257:223-244.
Taylor N G,Howells R M,Huttly A K,et al. 2003. Interactions among three distinct CesA proteins essential for cellulose synthesis [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,100(3):1450-1455.
Thomas G,Richard S,Aymerick E,et al. 2003. Genes involved in the biosynthesis of lignin precursors in Arabidopsis thaliana [J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,41:677-687.
Thomas G,Valerie F,Isabelle M,et al. 2003. Down-regulation of the AtCCR1 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana:effects on phenotype,lignins and cell wall degradability [J]. Planta,217(2):973-989.
Tiwari S C,Wilkins T A. 1995. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seed trichomes expand via diffuse growing mechanism [J]. Can J Bot,73:746-757.
van der Rest B,Danoun S,Boudet A M,et al. 2006. Down regulation of cinnamoyl-CoA reductase in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) induces dramatic changes in soluble phenolic pools [J]. JournalExpress Botanic,57:1399–1411.
Wan C Y,Wilkins T A. 1994. A modified hot borate method significantly enhances the yield of high-quality RNA from cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) [J]. Analytical Biochemistry,223:7-12.
Wang S,Wang J W,Yu N,et al. 2004. Control of plant trichome development by a cotton fiber MYB gene [J]. Plant Cell,16:2323-2334.
Wang Y X,Wang X F,Ma Z Y,et al.2006. Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Two Recalcitrant Genotypes of Gossypium hirsutum L [J]. Agricultural Sciences in China,5(5):323-329.
Waterhouse P M,Helilwell C A. 2003. Exploring plant genomes by RNA-induecd gene silencing [J]. Nat Rev Genet,4:29-38.
Wilkins T,Arpat A,Sickler B. 2005. Cotton fiber genomics:Developmental mechanisms [J]. Pflanzenschutz- Nachrichten Bayer,58:119-139.
Wilson K J,Gilier K E,Jefferson R A. 1991. Beta-glucronidase (GUS) operon fusions as a tool for studying plant-microbe interactions [J]. Anvances in molecular cenetics of plant-microbe interactions,10:226-229.
Wout B,John R,Marie B. 2003. Lignin biosynthesis [J]. Annu. Rev. Plant Biology,54:519-46.
Wu Y,Machado A C,White R G,et al. 2006. Expression profiling identifies genes expressed early during lint fibre initiation in cotton [J]. Plant Cell Physiol,47:107-127.
Xiao Y H,Zhang Z S,Yan P,et al. 2007. Cotton flavonoid structural genes related to the pigmentation in brown fibers [J]. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,358:73-78.
Xu W L,Wang X L,Li X B. 2007. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of nine cotton GhEF1A genes encoding translation elongation factor 1A [J]. Gene,389:27-35.
Xu Y,Li H B,Zhu Y X. 2007. Molecular biological and biochemical studies reveal new pathways important for cotton fiber development [J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,49 (1):69-74.
Yang Y M,Xu C N,Wang B M,et al. 2001. Effects of plant growth regulators on the secondary wall thickening of cotton fiber [J]. Plant Growth Regul,35:233-237.
Yuan Y L,Llewellyn D J,Furbank R T. 2001.The control of single-celled cotton fiber elongation by developmentally reversible gating of plasmodesmata and coordinated expression of sucrose and K+ transporters and expansion [J]. Plant Cell,13:47-60.
Zhao G T,Liu J Y. 2002. Isolation of a cotton RGP gene:a homolog of reversibly glycosylated polypeptide highly expressed during fiber development [J]. Biochim Biophys Acta,1574(3):370-374.
Zhao H Y,Wei J H,Lu J,et al. cDNA cloning and functional analysis of 4-courmarate-CoA:ligase (4CL) gene in Chinese white aspen. Prog Nat Sci,2003,13(12):895-900.