摘要
纤维增强复合材料与一般的金属材料相比,具有质轻、高强度、耐腐蚀性、抗冲击性、整体成型容易等优点,在各行各业已经获得普遍的应用,特别是在航空航天工业中。复合材料结构正在逐步取代金属结构,占驻有利地位。
纤维缠绕/纤维铺放技术是加工增强型复合材料成型技术中的一种,其生产装备为机电气一体化设备。欧美发达国家于上个世纪七十年代就开始研究它,已经取得了很大的进展。目前该技术、设备在我国发展尚属起步。因此,对该课题进行研究已经迫在眉睫。该课题的研究能弥补国内有关这方面的空白,对我国的民用工业、特别对于国防工业的发展具有重要的意义。
本课题的研究目标就是在已有五轴数控纤维缠绕机的基础上增加纤维铺放执行机构的计算机控制,研究开发纤维缠绕/纤维铺放机的6-7轴联动的计算机控制系统,实现复杂形体的纤维缠绕/纤维铺放成型。
纤维增强复合材料铺放成型技术是在手工迭层铺放和纤维缠绕工艺的基础上发展起来的一种机械化、自动化成型工艺。在纤维铺放成型技术中,主要采用铺放头机构实现纤维的铺放。该机构包括进料装置、加压装置、剪切装置等。它们使用电机和气缸作为驱动执行元件。纤维缠绕/纤维铺放成型技术的控制系统主要是采用计算机数控技术来实现。
本文主要就是实现对进料装置、加压装置、剪切装置的计算机控制。它包括总线设计、接口设计、系统的总体设计以及软件编制等。总线采用ISA内部总线;接口主要有模拟量输入接口、模拟量输出接口、开关量输入输出接口等,课题分别选用PC-6330D型A/D板卡、基于ISA总线的型号为PCL-728的D/A板卡、型号为IPC-5375的I/O板卡;另外,课题选用了微动式行程开关、压力变送器作为传感元件检测系统,选用继电器、电磁控制换向阀实现对气缸、电机的控制;采用VC++6.0编制控制软件,实现了纤维铺放技术的计算机控制。
通过系统安装、调试证明,该计算机控制系统能够实现纤维铺放过程中的进料、加压、剪切的自动控制,完成一个完整的铺放过程。
Fiber reinforced plastics have used widely in every walk of life, especially in aviation and spaceflight because they have more merits than common metal materials, such as light quality, high intensity and so on.They have replaced metal step by step and hold an advantaged position .
Fiber winding / fiber placement is one of means that we machining fiber reinforced plastics, Its furnishment is the equipment of the combination of mechanism and electron .The developed countries in Occident have researched it and have made progress in 1970'So At present, the development of the technology and the furnishment is inchoate in our country. Therefore, it is very necessitous to research this task. It not only can make up for the vacancy about this area in our country , but also makes a great contribution to the industry and national defense project.
The research goal of the task is to add the equipment of fiber placement controlled by computer in the base of existent five-axes numerical control fiber winding machine, research and empolder the six to seven axes linkage computer control system of the fiber winding / fiber placement machine, and realize fiber winding / fiber placement of complicated form and structure.
The placement molding technology of fiber reinforced plastics has been developed from the bases of filament winding and fiber bespreading .It is a mechanization and automation molding technics. In the technology of fiber placement molding , it is main to use the assembly of placement delivery head. It includes adding means, compaction means, cutting means and so on. They have used the bicycle pump and the motor for the performance setup .The control system of the fiber winding / fiber placement is usual to adapt computer numerical control .
The goal of the paper is to realize the computer numerical control of the adding means, the compaction means and the cutting means. It includes Bus design, interfaces design, system collectivity design and programming. We use ISA Bus. And the interfaces have analog input, analog output and digital input / output. We have used differently cards, such as PC-6330D A/D card, PCL-728 D/A card based ISA Bus, IPC-5375 I/O card and so on. In addition, we select micro-stir switches and pressure sensors as sensor elements to inspect the system and choose relays and induction valves to control the bicycle pump and the motor. We program control software by VC++6.0 and achieve the computer control of fiber placement technology.
It is proved in system fixing and testing that the control system can realize the automation of the movement of adding, compaction and cutting, and complete a whole placement process.
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