炼钢连铸热轧生产调度模型及数据库的设计
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摘要
在全球信息技术和生产制造集成化的推动下,钢铁企业开始实施先进的生产与经营管理模式,工业自动化和管理信息化系统在钢铁企业开始得到了大规模的应用。同时钢铁企业面临的市场竞争环境发生了很大的变化,客户对钢材的品种、规格(如板坯宽度、厚度等)的要求越来越多样化;客户需求呈多品种、小批量特点;另外,客户对产品的质量要求越来越高,合同交货期越来越短,产品品种规格的生命周期也进一步缩短,预计生产型与接收订货生产型相结合的生产方式使产品有积压的风险。目前国内的大部分钢厂出钢计划的安排全部由人工来完成,效率低、调度人员工作强度大、出钢计划不合理、不利于炼钢生产管理水平的提高。因此,为了降低计划作业的编制时间和实际生产过程中的非作业等待时间,降低能源与材料消耗,采用高质量的信息管理系统和生产决策支持系统显得尤为重要。
本文研究重点为炼钢连铸热轧调度模型及数据库的设计,研究内容如下:
1.分析了钢铁生产企业信息化现状及其特点,在此基础上给出了信息化解决方案。从问题定义、系统生产流程、现有主要研究方法等方面对炼钢连铸热轧的调度进行了概要性阐述。
2.炼钢连铸热轧生产调度系统主要包括炼钢、连铸和热轧三个紧密衔接的工艺环节,因工艺路径灵活、约束条件多以及涉及大量环境不确定因素,论文对钢铁生产过程中存在的主要生产调度问题,包括订单任务分配、组炉、组浇、热轧、协调各级生产调度计划、动态重调度等作了比较详细的概述;另外,对上述生产调度问题进行进一步深化,找出炼钢、连铸、热轧各生产环节中的主要批量计划任务(组炉、组浇、轧制)进行详细讨论,结合其工艺约束条件,对现有数学模型进行改进,并给出了用现有算法对模型进行求解的思路。
3.数据库是炼钢连铸生产调度系统的一个重要组成部分,通过分析该系统生产调度问题的数据流框架,给出了所有数据表的信息设计,并用ERD描述数据模型、定义数据需求,直观的实现整个生产调度系统的数据库功能模块以及数据表算法操作步骤。
Under the promotion of global information technology and integrated production-manufacturing, the iron and steel enterprise started to implement the advanced production, management and operation pattern, the industrial automation and the management informationization system is applied in the iron and steel enterprise extensively. Simultaneously, the market competition environment the iron and steel enterprise faced changes greatly, request of customers about the steel variety, the specification (e.g. the slab width, thickness, etc.) is more diverse; The customer demand assumes the characteristic of multi-varieties, small-lot. Moreover, the customer’s requirement to the product quality is getting higher and higher, the contract date of delivery is getting more and more short, the life cycle of product variety and specification also reduces further, the combination of expected production and order production has the backlog risk. At present, tapping plan is arranged by manpower in the domestic majority of steel mill. It has many defects such as low efficiency, high labor intensity of dispatchers, unreasonable tapping plans, and is not in favor of the enhancement of steel-making production management level. Therefore, in order to reduce establishment time of plan work, the non-work period in actual production process and the energy and material consumption, it is especially important to use the efficient information management system and production decision support system. The main research is as follows:
1. Analyzed the situation and characteristic of steel production enterprise informationization, the informationization solution is given based on this. The outline elaboration on the steel-making continuous casting hot rolling dispatch is carried from question definition, serial production flow, main research technique, and so on.
2.The steel-making continuous casting hot rolling production scheduling system includes the steel-making, the continuous casting and the hot rolling three close engagement craft link. Because the craft way is flexible, the constraints are numerous, involves the massive uncertain environment element as well as, the paper dwell on the main scheduling question in the steel production process, including the task allocation of order-form, the group stove, the group pouring, hot rolling, the coordinated all levels of production scheduling plan, the dynamic heavy dispatch and so on; Moreover, the further study of above production scheduling is carried on, the detailed discussion about main batch planning task in the steel-making, the continuous casting, the hot rolling each production link's (group stove, group pouring, rolling)is developed, and unifies its craft constraints, the existing mathematical model is improved, and the solution is carried on with the existing algorithm.
3. The database is a important component in the steel-making continuous casting production scheduling system. Analyzed the data stream frame on serial production scheduling problem, information design of data tables is given. With ERD, the data model is described, the data demand is defined, and the entire production scheduling system's database function module is realized intuitively as well as the data sheet algorithm sequence of operation.
本文研究重点为炼钢连铸热轧调度模型及数据库的设计,研究内容如下:
1.分析了钢铁生产企业信息化现状及其特点,在此基础上给出了信息化解决方案。从问题定义、系统生产流程、现有主要研究方法等方面对炼钢连铸热轧的调度进行了概要性阐述。
2.炼钢连铸热轧生产调度系统主要包括炼钢、连铸和热轧三个紧密衔接的工艺环节,因工艺路径灵活、约束条件多以及涉及大量环境不确定因素,论文对钢铁生产过程中存在的主要生产调度问题,包括订单任务分配、组炉、组浇、热轧、协调各级生产调度计划、动态重调度等作了比较详细的概述;另外,对上述生产调度问题进行进一步深化,找出炼钢、连铸、热轧各生产环节中的主要批量计划任务(组炉、组浇、轧制)进行详细讨论,结合其工艺约束条件,对现有数学模型进行改进,并给出了用现有算法对模型进行求解的思路。
3.数据库是炼钢连铸生产调度系统的一个重要组成部分,通过分析该系统生产调度问题的数据流框架,给出了所有数据表的信息设计,并用ERD描述数据模型、定义数据需求,直观的实现整个生产调度系统的数据库功能模块以及数据表算法操作步骤。
Under the promotion of global information technology and integrated production-manufacturing, the iron and steel enterprise started to implement the advanced production, management and operation pattern, the industrial automation and the management informationization system is applied in the iron and steel enterprise extensively. Simultaneously, the market competition environment the iron and steel enterprise faced changes greatly, request of customers about the steel variety, the specification (e.g. the slab width, thickness, etc.) is more diverse; The customer demand assumes the characteristic of multi-varieties, small-lot. Moreover, the customer’s requirement to the product quality is getting higher and higher, the contract date of delivery is getting more and more short, the life cycle of product variety and specification also reduces further, the combination of expected production and order production has the backlog risk. At present, tapping plan is arranged by manpower in the domestic majority of steel mill. It has many defects such as low efficiency, high labor intensity of dispatchers, unreasonable tapping plans, and is not in favor of the enhancement of steel-making production management level. Therefore, in order to reduce establishment time of plan work, the non-work period in actual production process and the energy and material consumption, it is especially important to use the efficient information management system and production decision support system. The main research is as follows:
1. Analyzed the situation and characteristic of steel production enterprise informationization, the informationization solution is given based on this. The outline elaboration on the steel-making continuous casting hot rolling dispatch is carried from question definition, serial production flow, main research technique, and so on.
2.The steel-making continuous casting hot rolling production scheduling system includes the steel-making, the continuous casting and the hot rolling three close engagement craft link. Because the craft way is flexible, the constraints are numerous, involves the massive uncertain environment element as well as, the paper dwell on the main scheduling question in the steel production process, including the task allocation of order-form, the group stove, the group pouring, hot rolling, the coordinated all levels of production scheduling plan, the dynamic heavy dispatch and so on; Moreover, the further study of above production scheduling is carried on, the detailed discussion about main batch planning task in the steel-making, the continuous casting, the hot rolling each production link's (group stove, group pouring, rolling)is developed, and unifies its craft constraints, the existing mathematical model is improved, and the solution is carried on with the existing algorithm.
3. The database is a important component in the steel-making continuous casting production scheduling system. Analyzed the data stream frame on serial production scheduling problem, information design of data tables is given. With ERD, the data model is described, the data demand is defined, and the entire production scheduling system's database function module is realized intuitively as well as the data sheet algorithm sequence of operation.
引文
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[2]W.E. Smith, Various optimizers for single-stage production, Naval Research, Logistics Quarterly, 1956,3:59–66
[3]C.N.Redwine, D.A.Wismer. A mixed integer programming model for scheduling order in steel mill. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 1974, 14:305-318
[4]M Numao, S Morishita. Cooperative scheduling and its application to steelmaking processes.IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics. 1991, 38(2):150-155.
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[6]K.Hamada,T.Baba, K.Sato et al. Hybridizing a genetic algorithm with rule based reasoning for production planning. IEEE Expert. 1995,10(5):60-67
[7]L.Tang, J.Liu etc., A multiple traveling salesman problem (MTSP) model for hot rolling scheduling in Baoshan Iron & Steel Complex, European Journal of Operational Research, 2000, 124:267-282
[8]L.Tang, J.Liu etc., An effective heuristic algorithm to minimize stack shuffles in selecting steel slabs from the slab yard for heating and rolling, Journal of the Operational Research Society, 2001, 52:1091-1097
[9]冯振军,杨根科,杜斌等.炼钢连铸调度的启发式和线性规划两步优化算法.冶金自动化,4,2005
[10]王筱萍,高慧敏,曾建潮,微粒群算法及其在热轧生产调度中的应用,运筹与管理,2007
[11]李霄峰,徐立云,韶惠鹤,任德祥.柔性炼钢连铸仿真调度系统及其关键技术,系统仿真学报,2002,14,(2):207-210
[12]宁树实,王伟.热轧批量计划编制模型及其算法,系统仿真学报,2007,19(3) :691-694
[13]苏东平,陈文明,罗首章,陈军鹏,周仁义,郝冠华,郑秉霖.人机交互调整炼钢连铸调度计划,冶金自动化,2005,3:17-20
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