机身蒙皮铆接噪声辐射特征及阻尼减振降噪技术研究
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摘要
本文针对飞机装配过程中铆接产生的高声强辐射噪声严重损害装配人员的听力系统,以及影响装配质量和工作效率等问题,研究了机身蒙皮铆接噪声产生机理、辐射特征和采用施加阻尼实现减振降噪的方法,重点利用数值计算方法模拟不同加载方式对振动响应和噪声的影响,以及施加阻尼对减振降噪的影响,并讨论了通过阻尼参数优化设置改进减振降噪效果的措施。
首先,论文研究了机身蒙皮铆接噪声产生机理、辐射特征。压铆过程中薄板的振动响应是一个在大幅值短时间冲击力作用下的瞬态响应过程,在此过程中存在着铆枪在冷气驱动下的工作噪声、铆接头与铆钉之间的锤击噪声以及铆接头激励的结构件振动辐射噪声等类型。本文只研究结构振动辐射噪声和施加阻尼进行减振降噪的方法。主要采用了有限元和边界元相结合的方法,建立了薄板与支架在冲击载荷作用下的振动位移响应和结构声辐射特征计算模型,得到了节点的振动位移、固有频率和振动响应位移谱密度,以及辐射噪声的声功率和空间任一点的声压级。并详细讨论了不同边界、不同载荷、不同作用点对振动噪声的影响。在此基础上,建立了在薄板上施加自由阻尼层的动力学特性和响应计算分析模型,采用数值模拟方法计算了施加阻尼后结构的振动位移响应和声功率,分析总结了阻尼参数对结构振动位移响应的影响以及对辐射噪声的影响。
综上所述,本文研究的飞机蒙皮铆接过程中冲击载荷作用下的结构振动辐射噪声以及阻尼减振降噪的数值模拟方法、计算结果以及分析结论对进一步开展先进阻尼减振降噪工艺装备的研制、提高装配质量和工作效率具有一定的参考应用价值。
Against the problem that loud strong radiation noise oriented from riveting in assembling aircraft seriously damages the hearing system of assembler, and impacts the assembly quality and efficiency , this paper studies the mechanism of noise making in fuselage skin riveting, the characteristics of radiation and the method to reduce vibration and noise by imposing damping, which focuses on using numerical calculation method to simulate the impact on vibration response and noise of different loading ways, and the effect of reducing vibration and noise by imposing damping, as well as discussing measures to improve the efficiency of reducing vibration and noise by setting optimized damping parameters.
Firstly, the paper studies the mechanism of noise making in fuselage skin riveting and characteristics of radiation. The vibration response of sheet in the process of pressing rivet is a transient response process under wide-amplitude and short-time impulsive force, in which there are working noise made by rivet gun driven by cold air, bumping noise from collision of riveting head and rivet, and radiation noise in structural vibration activated by rivet head, etc. This essay only researches structural vibration radiation noise and the method to reduce vibration and noise by imposing damping. It mainly adopts finite element and boundary element method, establishes the feature calculation model of vibration displacement response and structural acoustic radiation under the impact of buffet load of plate and bracket, and obtains the vibration displacement of node, natural frequency and spectrum density of vibration response displacement, as well as the sound power of radiation noise and sound pressure level of any point of space. It also discusses in detail the impact on vibration noise with different boundary, different load and different action point. On this base, It establishes calculation and analysis model of dynamic character and response by imposing free damping layer in the veneer, uses numerical simulation method to calculate the structural vibration displacement response and sound power after imposing damping, analyzes and summarizes the impact on structural vibration displacement response and radiation noise of different damping parameters.
In a word, the structural vibration radiation noise under the impact of buffet load in the process of skin riveting in making aircraft, numerical simulation method using damping to reduce vibration and noise, the calculated results and analysis conclusions in this paper have a certain reference and application value in advancing technics and equipment using damping to reduce vibration and noise, and improving assembly quality and efficiency.
首先,论文研究了机身蒙皮铆接噪声产生机理、辐射特征。压铆过程中薄板的振动响应是一个在大幅值短时间冲击力作用下的瞬态响应过程,在此过程中存在着铆枪在冷气驱动下的工作噪声、铆接头与铆钉之间的锤击噪声以及铆接头激励的结构件振动辐射噪声等类型。本文只研究结构振动辐射噪声和施加阻尼进行减振降噪的方法。主要采用了有限元和边界元相结合的方法,建立了薄板与支架在冲击载荷作用下的振动位移响应和结构声辐射特征计算模型,得到了节点的振动位移、固有频率和振动响应位移谱密度,以及辐射噪声的声功率和空间任一点的声压级。并详细讨论了不同边界、不同载荷、不同作用点对振动噪声的影响。在此基础上,建立了在薄板上施加自由阻尼层的动力学特性和响应计算分析模型,采用数值模拟方法计算了施加阻尼后结构的振动位移响应和声功率,分析总结了阻尼参数对结构振动位移响应的影响以及对辐射噪声的影响。
综上所述,本文研究的飞机蒙皮铆接过程中冲击载荷作用下的结构振动辐射噪声以及阻尼减振降噪的数值模拟方法、计算结果以及分析结论对进一步开展先进阻尼减振降噪工艺装备的研制、提高装配质量和工作效率具有一定的参考应用价值。
Against the problem that loud strong radiation noise oriented from riveting in assembling aircraft seriously damages the hearing system of assembler, and impacts the assembly quality and efficiency , this paper studies the mechanism of noise making in fuselage skin riveting, the characteristics of radiation and the method to reduce vibration and noise by imposing damping, which focuses on using numerical calculation method to simulate the impact on vibration response and noise of different loading ways, and the effect of reducing vibration and noise by imposing damping, as well as discussing measures to improve the efficiency of reducing vibration and noise by setting optimized damping parameters.
Firstly, the paper studies the mechanism of noise making in fuselage skin riveting and characteristics of radiation. The vibration response of sheet in the process of pressing rivet is a transient response process under wide-amplitude and short-time impulsive force, in which there are working noise made by rivet gun driven by cold air, bumping noise from collision of riveting head and rivet, and radiation noise in structural vibration activated by rivet head, etc. This essay only researches structural vibration radiation noise and the method to reduce vibration and noise by imposing damping. It mainly adopts finite element and boundary element method, establishes the feature calculation model of vibration displacement response and structural acoustic radiation under the impact of buffet load of plate and bracket, and obtains the vibration displacement of node, natural frequency and spectrum density of vibration response displacement, as well as the sound power of radiation noise and sound pressure level of any point of space. It also discusses in detail the impact on vibration noise with different boundary, different load and different action point. On this base, It establishes calculation and analysis model of dynamic character and response by imposing free damping layer in the veneer, uses numerical simulation method to calculate the structural vibration displacement response and sound power after imposing damping, analyzes and summarizes the impact on structural vibration displacement response and radiation noise of different damping parameters.
In a word, the structural vibration radiation noise under the impact of buffet load in the process of skin riveting in making aircraft, numerical simulation method using damping to reduce vibration and noise, the calculated results and analysis conclusions in this paper have a certain reference and application value in advancing technics and equipment using damping to reduce vibration and noise, and improving assembly quality and efficiency.
引文
[1]刘洪.飞机工装设计制造技术探讨[J].航空制造技术,2006,(12):69-711.
[2] Dr.Norbert Kosuch.Entwicklung von Schwingungs d?mpfern zur Nietl?rmminderung im Flugzeugbau [R].Dezember 1981(译文).
[3]薛敏,徐凌,杨惠琴.航空铆接噪声作业工人听力损伤分析[J].航空航天医药,1997,8(3):48-50.
[4]葛建峰,曹增强,樊战亭,等.电磁铆接过程数值模拟[J].锻压技术,2005,(6):62-65.
[5]刘先锋,薛伟飞,陈进.基于SYSNOISE软件的薄板振动声辐射数值仿真研究[A].2006 LMS首届用户大会论文集[C].
[6]王昕.敷设粘弹性阻尼材料的板和加筋板的声振特性和降噪优化[D].武汉:武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[7]周锋.部分敷设阻尼材料有限长圆柱壳在流场中声辐射性能分析[D] .武汉:华中科技大学,2004.
[8]龚静,严仁军.复合夹层板结构的声辐射特性及降噪优化[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.
[9] B.Laulagnet,J.L.Guyader.Modal analysis of a shell's acoustic radiation in light and heavy fluids[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1989,131(3):397-415.
[10] Noureddine Atalla,Jean Nicolas,Carol Gauthier.Acoustic radiation of an unbaffled vibrating plate with general elastic boundary conditions[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am,1996,99(3):1484-1494.
[11] B.Laulagnet and J.L.Guyader.Sound Radiation From a Finite Cylindrical Shell Covered With a Compliant Layer[J].J.Vib.Acoust,1991,113(2):267-272.
[12]梁新华.汽车车身薄壁件阻尼复合结构振动-声学分析与优化[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007.
[13]王云渤.飞机装配工艺学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1984,26-64.
[14]刘平,张开富,李原.铆接变形及其有限元分析[J].航空制造技术,2008,(22):94-97.
[15]俞汉清,陈金德.金属塑性成形原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[16]刘平.铆接变形及其有限元分析[D].西安:西北工业大学,2007.
[17]赵腾伦.ABAQUS6.6在机械工程中的应用[M].北京:水利水电出版社,2007.
[18]朱以文,蔡元奇等译.ABAQUS/Standard有限元软件入门指南-ABAQUS/CAE版.2003.
[19] R.G.White (Author),J.G.Walker (Author).Noise from industrial machines,charpter 22 in Noise and Vibration[M].Ellis Horwood Ltd,1982.
[20] M.P.诺顿.工程噪声和振动分析基础[M].北京:航空工业出版社,1993.
[21]孙庆宏等主编.振动与噪声的阻尼控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社1993.
[22]马大猷.噪声控制学[M].北京:科技出版社,1987.
[23]洪宗辉.环境噪声控制工程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[24]任文堂等编.工业噪声和振动控制技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1989.
[25]周新祥.噪声控制及应用实例[M].北京:海洋出版社,1999.
[26] L.L.福尔克纳主编,张则陆等译.工业噪声控制手册[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[27]吕玉恒等编.噪声与镇宫控制设备及材料选用手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999.
[28]陆红艳.板结构的振动声辐射及其隔声性能研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2003.
[29] B.Laulagnet.Sound radiation by a simply supported unbaffled plate[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am,1998, 103(5):2451-2462.
[30]周健.板结构的声辐射与隔声性能研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学船舶与海洋工程学院,2002.
[31]张升明,潘旭初.板架结构的振动噪声研究[J].噪声与振动控制,1995,(5):9-13.
[32]刘见华,金咸定.结构声传递数值计算方法的研究进展[J].振动与冲击,2002,21(4):44-47.
[33]王晶,商德江.ANSYS和SYSNOISE软件用于计算水下结构声的性能分析[A] .中国声学学会水声分会2004年学术会议论文集[C].
[34]王富耻编著.ANSYS10.0有限元分析理论与工程应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[35]伊岗,陈花玲,陈天宁.薄板低频声辐射效率的研究[J].西安交通大学学报.1999,33(3): 108-110.
[36]张锦绘等编著.一体化振动控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[37]戴德沛主编.阻尼减振降噪技术[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1986.
[38]贺才春,谭亮红.粘弹阻尼材料在振动噪声控制中的应用[J].橡胶科技市场,2008,(12):9-12.
[39] Robert D Corsaro, L H Sperling,L H Sperling.Sound and Vibration Damping with Polymers Book Description [M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1990.
[40]谢元丕,冯刚.ANSYS三维实体单元与板壳单元的组合建模研究[J].机械设计,2009.
[41]龚静,严仁军.粘弹性阻尼夹层板的振动声辐射特性研究[J].中国科技论文在线,2007.
[42]桂洪斌,赵德有,郑云龙.基于粘弹性阻尼层随机性的自由阻尼层板的振动和阻尼分析[J].船舶力学,2001,2(5):62-72.
[43]孙大刚,迟永滨,林慕义.阻尼减振结构参数特性分析及动态优化[J].中国科技论文在线,2000.
[44]谭峰.粘弹性阻尼结构减振降噪分析及优化研究[D].上海:上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院, 2010.
[2] Dr.Norbert Kosuch.Entwicklung von Schwingungs d?mpfern zur Nietl?rmminderung im Flugzeugbau [R].Dezember 1981(译文).
[3]薛敏,徐凌,杨惠琴.航空铆接噪声作业工人听力损伤分析[J].航空航天医药,1997,8(3):48-50.
[4]葛建峰,曹增强,樊战亭,等.电磁铆接过程数值模拟[J].锻压技术,2005,(6):62-65.
[5]刘先锋,薛伟飞,陈进.基于SYSNOISE软件的薄板振动声辐射数值仿真研究[A].2006 LMS首届用户大会论文集[C].
[6]王昕.敷设粘弹性阻尼材料的板和加筋板的声振特性和降噪优化[D].武汉:武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[7]周锋.部分敷设阻尼材料有限长圆柱壳在流场中声辐射性能分析[D] .武汉:华中科技大学,2004.
[8]龚静,严仁军.复合夹层板结构的声辐射特性及降噪优化[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.
[9] B.Laulagnet,J.L.Guyader.Modal analysis of a shell's acoustic radiation in light and heavy fluids[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1989,131(3):397-415.
[10] Noureddine Atalla,Jean Nicolas,Carol Gauthier.Acoustic radiation of an unbaffled vibrating plate with general elastic boundary conditions[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am,1996,99(3):1484-1494.
[11] B.Laulagnet and J.L.Guyader.Sound Radiation From a Finite Cylindrical Shell Covered With a Compliant Layer[J].J.Vib.Acoust,1991,113(2):267-272.
[12]梁新华.汽车车身薄壁件阻尼复合结构振动-声学分析与优化[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007.
[13]王云渤.飞机装配工艺学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1984,26-64.
[14]刘平,张开富,李原.铆接变形及其有限元分析[J].航空制造技术,2008,(22):94-97.
[15]俞汉清,陈金德.金属塑性成形原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[16]刘平.铆接变形及其有限元分析[D].西安:西北工业大学,2007.
[17]赵腾伦.ABAQUS6.6在机械工程中的应用[M].北京:水利水电出版社,2007.
[18]朱以文,蔡元奇等译.ABAQUS/Standard有限元软件入门指南-ABAQUS/CAE版.2003.
[19] R.G.White (Author),J.G.Walker (Author).Noise from industrial machines,charpter 22 in Noise and Vibration[M].Ellis Horwood Ltd,1982.
[20] M.P.诺顿.工程噪声和振动分析基础[M].北京:航空工业出版社,1993.
[21]孙庆宏等主编.振动与噪声的阻尼控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社1993.
[22]马大猷.噪声控制学[M].北京:科技出版社,1987.
[23]洪宗辉.环境噪声控制工程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[24]任文堂等编.工业噪声和振动控制技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1989.
[25]周新祥.噪声控制及应用实例[M].北京:海洋出版社,1999.
[26] L.L.福尔克纳主编,张则陆等译.工业噪声控制手册[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[27]吕玉恒等编.噪声与镇宫控制设备及材料选用手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999.
[28]陆红艳.板结构的振动声辐射及其隔声性能研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2003.
[29] B.Laulagnet.Sound radiation by a simply supported unbaffled plate[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am,1998, 103(5):2451-2462.
[30]周健.板结构的声辐射与隔声性能研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学船舶与海洋工程学院,2002.
[31]张升明,潘旭初.板架结构的振动噪声研究[J].噪声与振动控制,1995,(5):9-13.
[32]刘见华,金咸定.结构声传递数值计算方法的研究进展[J].振动与冲击,2002,21(4):44-47.
[33]王晶,商德江.ANSYS和SYSNOISE软件用于计算水下结构声的性能分析[A] .中国声学学会水声分会2004年学术会议论文集[C].
[34]王富耻编著.ANSYS10.0有限元分析理论与工程应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[35]伊岗,陈花玲,陈天宁.薄板低频声辐射效率的研究[J].西安交通大学学报.1999,33(3): 108-110.
[36]张锦绘等编著.一体化振动控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[37]戴德沛主编.阻尼减振降噪技术[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1986.
[38]贺才春,谭亮红.粘弹阻尼材料在振动噪声控制中的应用[J].橡胶科技市场,2008,(12):9-12.
[39] Robert D Corsaro, L H Sperling,L H Sperling.Sound and Vibration Damping with Polymers Book Description [M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1990.
[40]谢元丕,冯刚.ANSYS三维实体单元与板壳单元的组合建模研究[J].机械设计,2009.
[41]龚静,严仁军.粘弹性阻尼夹层板的振动声辐射特性研究[J].中国科技论文在线,2007.
[42]桂洪斌,赵德有,郑云龙.基于粘弹性阻尼层随机性的自由阻尼层板的振动和阻尼分析[J].船舶力学,2001,2(5):62-72.
[43]孙大刚,迟永滨,林慕义.阻尼减振结构参数特性分析及动态优化[J].中国科技论文在线,2000.
[44]谭峰.粘弹性阻尼结构减振降噪分析及优化研究[D].上海:上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院, 2010.