冲绳海槽黑潮流域近4万年以来的古海洋环境演化
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本文采用取自冲绳海槽的91个站位的表层样品和2个柱状岩芯,通过微体古生
    物有孔虫分析、氧碳同位素测试、AMS~(14)C测年、沉积物粒度和地球化学分析,探讨
    了现代生物群落、表层沉积物氧同位素与现代海洋环境之间的关系,进而对冲绳海槽
    区域近4万年来的古海洋环境和古黑潮演化进行了详细的研究。
     表层沉积物中的浮游有孔虫氧同位素与现代海洋环境之间的关系密切,浮游有孔
    虫从G.ruber到G.sacculifer到N.dutertrei其δ~(18)O值由轻变重,表明三种有孔虫其生活
    水层依次由浅到深。在横穿海槽的剖面上浮游有孔虫δ~(18)O在近陆端因受冲淡水影响较
    强而变轻,而在东侧站位,受黑潮暖流或其支流的影响氧同位素同样有变轻的趋势。
    N.dutertrei和G.ruber的氧同位素差值表明了冲绳海槽北部区域黑潮支流对表层水体的
    影响要大于次表层水体,而在冲绳海槽南部区域,黑潮暖流对次表层水体有相对较强
    的影响。
     冲绳海槽南部表层沉积物中的浮游有孔虫整体上属于赤道区组合,溶解作用对该
    区的浮游有孔虫群落有明显的影响,冲绳海槽北部区浮游有孔虫组合相对具有温带群
    落的特征。浮游有孔虫分布与海洋环境密切相关,南北区的浮游有孔虫分布都明显受
    暖流的影响,在暖流的主流轴处浮游有孔虫丰度通常较高。
     冲绳海槽具有相对较浅的碳酸盐溶跃面,浮游有孔虫丰度和底栖有孔虫深水胶结
    壳的含量都进一步表明了该区碳酸钙溶跃面大约在1700m水深左右,比开放大洋明
    显要浅得多。
     表层沉积物中的底栖有孔虫主要受水深和水团等因素的制约。水深制约着有孔虫
    属种的分带,也影响底栖有孔虫的组合。根据Q型因子分析,冲绳海槽南部表层沉积
    物中的底栖有孔虫从陆架边缘到海槽底部可以划分为5个特定的组合,分别对应黑潮
    表层水和次表层水影响环境、黑潮中层水影响环境、溶跃面以上的黑潮深层水影响环
    境、黑潮底层水团影响环境和溶解作用较强的槽底环境;北部区的底栖有孔虫群落反
    映了四个组合,分别代表了陆架混合水团影响环境、黑潮暖流中层水影响环境、冷涡
    沉积和上升流沉积区影响环境以及对马暖流水团影响下的环境。
     以氧同位素曲线为基础,结合AMS~(14)C测年和生物地层学对柱状岩芯进行了地层
    划分和对比,E017孔记录了冰消期以来大约15,000a来的古环境演化记录,具有较高
    的沉积速率,DOC-42孔保存的主要是末次冰期中40-10ka BP期间的古环境沉积记录,
    沉积物记录的分辨率相对较低。
     浮游有孔虫的碎壳比和底栖有孔虫深海胶结壳含量表明了现代冲绳海槽的浅溶跃
    
    
     面是大约最近2000 a BP才开始突然变浅形成的,碳酸盐的溶解作用从冰消期到现在
     逐渐增强。冲绳海槽南部 EOI7孔的底栖有孔虫组合反映了 15,000 a来的底层水团具
     有两种完全不同的营养状况,约 6500 a BP以前有机质通量较高,6500 a BP以后有机
     质通量则明显降低。DOC-42孔的底栖有孔虫组合反映该区约4万年以来的底部水团
     演化主要受有机质通量和氧含量的共同制约,氧同位素3期主要为高有机质通量的沉
     积环境,伴随有氧含量水平的较大波动:氧同位素2期有机质通量有所降低,氧含量
     整体为中等水平;氧同位素1期早期底部水体则以较高氧含量为主。
     浮游有孔虫温跃层转换函数反映了冲绳海槽中部的温跃层在约门 100 a BP有一个
     明显的变化,在这之前的温跃层深度较浅,平均为 89 m,而在该时间以后,温跃层平
     均深度变为 166 m。此外在 160 cm处和 100 cm的温跃层深度有两次明显的降低,分
     别对应于新仙女术事件和黑潮暖流的重新入侵,表明这两个事件导致了海洋上层水体
     结构的突然变化。
     冲绳海槽北部浮游有孔虫转换函数古温度和浮游有孔虫的低温、低盐特征种反映
     了在氧同位素3期早期约40000 a BP和氧同位素2期间存在两个明显的低温、低盐阶
     段,可能与沿岸水在该期间加强有关。其中氧同位素3期早期的表层海水古水温比本
     次冰期还要低,反映了区域海洋环境的重大变化。
     冲绳海槽南部 EOI7孔的沉积物粒度、地球化学特征、黑潮特征指示种、表层古
     水温以及底层水团的性质均在6500 a BP左右发生了重大的改变,与冲绳海槽南部的
     其他岩芯反映的古环境变化基本一致,表明了南部海槽在6500 a BP前后古黑潮流径
     发生了重大变化。而冲绳海槽北部区域2万年以来的古环境则与南部有明显差异,总
     结前人对冲绳海槽古黑潮流径的研究,笔者对末次冰盛期古黑潮流径提出了新的推
     测。
91 surface samples and two gravity piston cores(E017: 126001.38, 26034.45, water
     depth: 1826 m, core length: 297 cm; DOC-42: 128020.9, 30018.64, water depth: 389 m,
     core length: 190 cm)were used to study the paleoceanography and the paleo-Kuroshio
     Current evolution in the Okinawa Trough since the last 40,000 years. Micropaleontology
     analysis of foraminifera, Oxygen and carbon isotope measurements, AMS?C dating, grave
     size analysis and geochemical analysis were performed on the above materials. Based on
     these obtained datas, the relations between recent foraminiferal faunal, oxygen isotope of
     recent planktonic foraminifera and modern marine environment were discussed, further, the
     paleoceanography and paleo-Kuroshio Current evolution of the last 40,000 years in the
     Okinawa Trough were systematically studied.
    
     Oxygen isotope of recent planktonic foraminifera in the Okinawa trough clearly show
     close relation with modem marine environment. From (ilobigerinoides ruber to
     Glibogerinoides saccul~/er to Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, the 8180 of these species changes
     from light to heavy, indicating the average living water depth of these species gradually
     change from shallow to deep. In the profile across the trough the 8O show lighter values
     near the continent side because of the influence of fresh water, while in the east side the 8180
     also change to light due to the influence of the Kuroshio Warm Current or its branch. The
     8O difference between Neogloboquadrina dutertrei and Globigerinoides ruber indicate that
     in the northern Okinawa Trough the branch of Kuroshio Warm Currentsushima Current
     has more strong influence on surface water than subsurface water mass, while in the southern
     Okinawa Trough the Kuroshio Warm Current has more strong influence on subsurface water
     mass.
    
     Surface planktonic foraminifera of the southern Okinawa Trough, as a whole, belong to
     equatorial zone assemblage and were partly influenced by carbonate dissolution. While
     surface planktonic foraminifera of the northern Okinawa Trough comparatively has
     characteristic of temperate assemblage. The distribution of plar ktonic foraminifera in surface
     samples are strictly controlled by modern marine environments, both areas show the
     Kuroshio Warm Current is the most important factor influence the planktonic foraminifera
     distribution, near the main path of Kuroshio Warm Current the abundance of planktonic
     foraminifera is usually high.
    
     The carbonate lysocline depth(CLD) in Okinawa Trough is clearly shallower compared
     to the open ocean, the abundance of planktonic foraminifera and percentage of deep water
     agglutinated shell of benthic foraminifera both show the CLD lies at about 1700 m in the
     Okinawa Trough.
    
     Benthic foraminifera in surface sediments of Okinawa Trough are mainly affected by
     water depth and water masses. According to Q-mode factor analysis, benthic foraminifera in
     southern Okinawa Trough can be divided into 5 assemblages, correspond to surface and
     subsurface water mass of Kuroshio Current, intermediate water mass of Kuroshio Current,
     deep water mass of Kuroshio Current above the lysocline, bottom water masses of Kuroshio
     Current and severely dissolved environments in the bottom Trough respectively. Benthic
     foraminifera in the northern Okinawa Trough can be divided into 4 assemblages, correspond
     to continental shelf mixed water mass, intermediate water mass of Kuroshio Current, gyro
    
    
    
    
     and upwelling deposition environment and Tsushima Warm Current water mass respectively.
    
     Stratigraphy of two gravity
引文
安芷生,吴锡浩,1990. 最近 2 万年中国古环境变迁的初步研究.黄土·第四纪地 质·全球变化,第二集,科学出版社(北京),1-6.
    蔡慧梅,涂霞,1983. 南海西沙、中沙群岛表层沉积物有孔虫、介形虫分布.南海 海洋科学集刊,4:25-63.
    苍树溪,阎军,1992. 西太平洋特定海域古海洋学研究. 青岛海洋大学出版社,青 岛,1-180.
    苍树溪等,1988. 粉红色拟抱球虫在冲绳海槽区的发现及地层意义.海洋地质与第 四纪地质,8(1) :23-30.
    陈建芳,郑连福,Wiesner W.G.等,1998. 基于沉积物捕获器的南海表层初级生产力 及输出生产力估算.科学通报,43(6) :639-642.
    陈建芳,郑连福,1996. 古海洋、古气候研究的新工具--分子温度计.地球科学 进展,11(4) :404-408.
    陈丽蓉等,1982. 东海沉积物的矿物组合及其分布特征的研究.黄东海地质,科学 出版社(北京).
    陈荣华等,1999. 冲绳海槽南部两万年来碳酸盐溶跃面的变迁.海洋地质与第四纪 地质,19(1) :25-30.
    陈文斌,1986. 冲绳海槽柱状样中放射虫的地层和古气候意义.海洋学报,8(2) :191-196.
    成鑫荣等,1998. 运用超微化石探索晚第四纪冲绳海槽上层海水垂向结构的变化. 中国科学(D 辑),28(2) :137-141.
    高志清.1986. 冲绳海槽及邻近地区深部地质构造的研究.中国科学院海洋研究所 硕士研究生学位论文.
    管秉贤,1985. 台湾以东黑潮深层流的途径:1940 年 2-3 月观测结果的分析.海洋与 湖沼,16(4) :253-260.
    管秉贤,1983. 台湾以东及东海黑潮调查研究的主要动向及结果.海洋学报,5(2) : 133-146.
    郭之虞等,1995. 北京大学加速器质谱研究与应用进展.自然科学进展--国家重 点实验室通讯,5(5) :513.
    海洋图集编委会,1992. 渤海,黄海,东海海洋图集:水力学.中国海洋出版社,北京.
    郝诒纯,地质矿产部海洋地质综合研究大队,中国地质大学(北京),1988. 冲绳海槽 第四纪微体生物群及其地质意义.地质出版社(北京).
    黑潮调查研究综合报告,1995. 海洋出版社.
    胡敦欣,丁宗信,熊庆成,1984. 东海北部一个夏季气旋型涡旋的初步分析.海洋科 学集刊.21:87-98.
    
    
    黄维,汪品先,1998. 末次冰期以来南海深水区的沉积速率.中国科学(D 辑),20(1) : 13-17.
    翦知湣,1995. 末次冰盛期西太平洋深水团的影响急剧增强.科学通报,40(21) :183-186.
    翦知湣,1998A.南海冰期深部水性质的稳定同位素证据.中国科学(D 辑),28(3) : 250-256.
    翦知湣,1998B.从稳定同位素与微体化石看南海南部末次冰消期古海洋变化之阶 段性.中国科学(D 辑),28(2) :118-124.
    翦知湣,王律江,Kienast M.,1999. 南海晚第四纪表层古生产力与东亚季风变迁.第 四纪研究,(1) :32-40.
    翦知湣,1992. 南海南部陆坡末次冰期以来的古水温及其与北部陆坡之比较.南海 晚第四纪古海洋学研究,青岛海洋大学出版社,pp:78-87.
    翦知湣,李保华,Pflaumann U 等,1996. 西太平洋晚全新世变冷事件.中国科学(D 辑),26(5) :461-466.
    翦知湣等,1998. 黑潮主流轴近两万年来的位移.科学通报,43(5) :532-535.
    金翔龙,喻普之,1987. 冲绳海槽的构造特征与演化.中国科学 B 辑,2:196-203.
    金性春,戴南浔,1984. 冲绳海槽异常地幔与地壳性质初步分析.海洋地质与第四 纪地质,4(3) :17-25.
    李保华,1996. 冲绳海槽南部两万年来的古海洋学研究.同济大学硕士研究生学位 论文.
    李保华,赵泉鸿,王永吉等,1997. 冲绳海槽南部两万年来的浮游有孔虫与古海洋 学事件.海洋学报,19:90-98.
    李克让,1993. 中国近海及西北太平洋气候.北京:海洋出版社.
    李培英,王永吉,刘振夏,1999. 冲绳海槽年代地层与沉积速率.中国科学(D 辑), 29(1) :50-55.
    李铁刚,1996. 冲绳海槽北部晚更新世以来的古海洋学研究.中国科学院海洋研究 所博士研究生学位论文.
    李铁刚,刘振夏,苍树溪等,2000. 冲绳海槽 DGKS9603 孔与格陵兰 GRIP 冰芯古 气候记录的对比研究.海洋学报,22 (增刊):198-206.
    李铁刚,阎军,苍树溪,1996. 冲绳海槽北部 RD-82 和 RD-86 孔的氧同位素记录及 其古环境分析.海洋地质与第四纪地质,16(2) :61-67.
    李铁刚等,1997. 冲绳海槽北部现代底栖有孔虫的分布特征.海洋与湖沼,28(1) :49-55.
    刘健等,1999. 末次冰消期以来黄海海平面变化与黄海暖流的形成.海洋地质与 第四纪地质,19(1) :13-24.
    刘振夏,李培英,李铁刚等,2000. 冲绳海槽 5 万年以来的古气候事件.科学通报, 45 (16) :1776-1781.
    刘振夏等,1999. 冲绳海槽晚第四纪千年尺度的古海洋学研究.科学通报,44(8) : 883-887.
    
    
    吕厚远,刘振夏,刘宝柱等,2000. 二万年来冲绳海槽千年尺度的黑潮变动.海洋学 报。22 (增刊):207-215.
    毛汉礼等,1964. 应用 T-S 关系定量地分析浅海水团的初步研究.海洋与湖沼,6(1) : 1-22.
    睦良仁,1981. 冲绳海槽的几个沉积特征.海洋地质研究,1(1) :69-75.
    秦蕴珊,1963. 中国陆架海的地形及沉积类型的初步研究.海洋与湖沼,5(1) :71-86.
    秦蕴珊等,1987. 东海地质,科学出版社(北京).
    施光春等,1984. 冲绳海槽 7028 站岩芯的氧同位素组成.东海海洋,2(1) :23-26.
    孙湘君,李逊,罗运利,1999. 南海北部深部花粉记录的环境演变.第四纪研究,(1) : 18-26.
    孙湘平等,1992. 七次黑潮大弯曲的比较.黑潮调查研究论文选(四).海洋出版社, 北京.303-317.
    汤毓祥,李兴宰等,1997. 东海东北部春季若干重要水文结构的分析.东海海洋, 15(4) :1-10.
    同济大学海洋地质系,1989. 古海洋学概论.同济大学出版社,上海.
    汪品先等,1988. 东海底质中的有孔虫和介形虫.海洋出版社(北京).
    汪品先等,1996. 西太平洋边缘海的”新仙女木”事件.中国科学(D 辑),26(5) : 452-460.
    王吉良等,2000. 近万年来冲绳海槽温跃层的高分辨率记录.中国科学(D 辑), 30(3) :233-238.
    王律江,汪品先,卞云华,1992. 晚第四纪南海北部陆坡表层水温与水团变迁.南海 晚第四纪古海洋学研究,青岛海洋大学出版社,pp:261-270.
    王汝建等,1998. 冲绳海槽南部 20 ka 来的放射虫古海洋学意义.中国科学(D 辑), 28(2) :131-136.
    吴明清,1988. 冲绳海槽沉积物的化学成分特征及其地质意义.海洋与湖沼,19(6) : 585-593.
    吴明清,1991. 冲绳海槽沉积物稀土和微量元素的某些地球化学特征.海洋学报, 13(1) :75-81.
    向荣,曹奇原,阎军,2000. 古黑潮演化研究评述.海洋科学,24(7) :34-37.
    谢英宗等,1992. 台湾省东南外海晚第四纪岩芯 OR102-3P 碳氧同位素所显示之古 海洋.台湾海洋学刊.29:72-83.
    阎军,1989. 西太平洋陆缘海沉积物中碳酸钙旋回.海洋科学,5:28-32.
    阎军,1990. 冲绳海槽 Z14-6 孔氧同位素地层学研究.海洋与湖沼,21(5) :442-447.
    阎军,1990. 西太平洋边缘海区晚更新世以来的古气候、古海洋学研究.中国科学 院海洋研究所博士研究生学位论文.
    阎军等,1995. 末次间冰期以来古黑潮演化及其对气候变化的作用.海洋地质与第 四纪地质,15(1) :25-40.
    杨天鸿,1984. 东海黑潮水团的初步分析.海洋科学集刊.21:179-200.
    杨志红等,1997. 古里雅冰芯中的新仙女木事件记录.科学通报,42(18) :1975-1978.
    
    
    杨子赓,1993. 南黄海第四纪轨道事件与非轨道事件的探讨.海洋地质与第四纪地 质,13(3) :25-33.
    杨子赓,1991. 中国东部陆架第四纪时期的演变及其环境效应.中国海陆第四纪对 比与研究 (梁名胜等主编),北京:科学出版社.
    业治铮,汪品先,1992. 南海晚第四纪古海洋学研究.青岛海洋大学出版社,pp:3-8.
    于增慧,2000. 冲绳海槽火山岩中岩浆包裹体及气体同位素组成研究.中国科学院 海洋研究所博士研究生学位论文.
    喻祖祥等,1989. 长江口及济州岛附近海域变性水团的初步分析.青岛海洋大学学 报,19(1) :132-143.
    袁迎如,1987. 冲绳海槽的浊流沉积物.地质论评,33(6) :499-505.
    张明书,1988. 冲绳海槽的晚第四纪浊流沉积.长春地质学院学报,18(1) :19-26.
    张泽伟,1988. 冲绳海槽中部晚更新世以来有孔虫动物群及古气候研究.海洋地质 与第四纪地质,8(1) :31-41.
    赵一阳,鄢明才,1994. 中国浅海沉积物地球化学.科学出版社(北京).
    赵一阳等,1984. 冲绳海槽沉积物地球化学的基本特征.海洋与湖沼,15(4) :371-379.
    郑守仪,1988. 东海的胶结和瓷质有孔虫.科学出版社(北京).
    郑铁民,1989. 冲绳海槽表层沉积物沉积特征的初步研究.海洋与湖沼,20(2) :113-121.
    郑执中,郑守仪,1964. 南海北部的浮游有孔虫.海洋与湖沼,6(1) :38-84.
    Altenbach,A V et al.,1989. Productivity in benthic foraminifera, In:W H Berger,V S Smetach and G Wefer(eds.),Productivity of the ocearn:present and past,Dehelm workshop reports,Life Science reports 44,Jhon Wiley and Sons,Chichester,255-269.
    An Zhisheng,Porter S.C.,Zhou Weijian et al.,1993. Episode of strengthen summer monsoon climate of Younger Dryas age on the loess plateau of Central China.Quat.Res.,39: 45-54.
    Andreason,D.J.and Ravelo,A.C.,1997. Tropical Pacific Ocean thermocline depth reconstruction for the last glacial maximum.Paleoceanography.12(3) :395-413.
    Be A W H,1977. An ecological,Zoogeographic and taxonomic review of recent planktonic foraminifera.In:Ramsay A T S(ed.),Oceanic Micropaleontology,London: Academic Press.1:1-100.
    Berger W.H.,1979. Preservation of foraminifera.Foramiiferal Ecology and paleocology, SEPM short courses,6:105-155.
    Berger,W.H.,1981. Paleoceanography:the deep sea record.The sea,Wiley-Interscience Publ.,7:1437-1519.
    Bond,G.et al.,1992. Evidence for massive discharges of icebergs into the North Atlantic Ocean during the last Glacial period.Nature,360:245-249.
    Bond,G.et al,1993. Correlations between climate records from North Atlantic sediments and Greenland ice.Nature,365:143-147.
    Brassel,S.C.et al.,1986. Molecular stratigraphy:A new tool for climatic assessment. Nature.320:129-133.
    
    
    Broecker,W.S.et al.,1988. New evidence from South China Sea for an abrupt termilation of the last glacial period.Nature,333:156-158.
    Broecker,W.S.,1994. Massive iceberg discharges as trigger for global climate change.Nature,372:421-424.
    Broecker,W.S.,Denton,G.H.,1989. The role of ocean-atmosphere reorganizations in glacial cycles.Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta,53:2465-2501.
    Corliss B.H.and S.Emerson,1990. Distribution of Rose Bengal stained deep-sea benthic foraminifera from the Nova Scotia continental margin and Gulf of Maine.Deep-sea Res.,37(3) ,381-400.
    Corliss,B.H.,1985. Microhabitats of benthic foraminifera within deep-sea sediments.Nature,314:435-438.
    Corliss,B.H.,1991. Morphotype and microhabitat preference of benthic foraminifera from the northwest Atlantic Ocean.Mar.Micropaleontol,17:195-236.
    Coulbourn,W.T.,Park,F.L.and Berger W.H.,1980. Faunal and solution patterns of planktonic foraminifera in surface sediments of the Northern Pacific.Mar.Micropaleontol.,5(4) :329-399.
    Dansgaard,W.,Johnson S.J.et al.,1993. Evidence for general instability of past climate from a 250 kyr ice-core record,nature,364:203-207.
    Denne,R.A.et al,1991. Association of bathyal foraminifera with water masses in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico.Mar.Micropaleontol,17:173-193.
    Douglas R G,et al,1981. Deep sea benthic foraminifera,In:C Emiliani(ed),The ocean lithosphere,(The Sea 7. ) Wiley-Interscience,New York,1233-1327.
    Dulk M D,Reichart G J,Memon G.M.et al,1998. Benthic foraminiferal response to variations in surface water productivity and oxygenation in the northern Arabian Sea.Mar.Micropaleontol,35:43-66.
    Duplessy J C,Delibrias G,Turon,et al,1981. Deglacial wanning of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean:correlation with the paleoclimate evolution of European continent.Palaeogeogr.palaeoclimatol palaeoecol,35:121-144.
    Duplessy,J.-C.,Laybeyrie,L.,Arnold,M.et al,1992. Changes in surface salinity of the North Atlantic Ocean during the last deglaciation.Nature,358:485-488.
    Duplessy,J.-C.,Laybeyrie,L.,Juillet-leclerc,A.,et al,1991. Surface salinity reconstruction of the North Atlantic during the last glacial maximum.Oceanol Acta,14:311-324.
    Emiliani,C.,1955. Pleistocene temperatures.J.Geol,63:538-578.
    F.J.Jorissen,D.M.Barmawidjaja,S.Puskaric et al,1992. Vertical distribution of benthic foraminifera in the northern Adriatic Sea:The relation with the organic flux.Mar.Micropaleontol,19,131-146.
    Fairbanks R.,1989. A 17000 year glacial-eustatic sea level record:influence of glacial melting rates on Younger Dryas Events and deep-ocean circulation.Nature,1989,342:637-642.
    Heinrich,H.,1988. Origin and consequence of the cyclic ice rafting in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean during the past 130,000 years.Quat.Res.,29:143-152.
    Hermelin J.O.R.and Scott,D.B.,1985. Recent benthic foraminifera from the central North Atlantic.Micropaleontology,31(3) :199-220.
    
    
    Inbrie,J.and Kipp,N.G.,1971. A new micropaleontological method for quantative paleoclimatology:application to a pleistocene Caribbean core.In:The Late Cenozoic Glacial Ages(Turekian,K.K.eds),Yale Uni.Press.
    Jian Zhimin,Luejiang Wang,Kienast M,et al,1999. Benthic foraminiferal paleocenography of the South China Sea over the last 40,000 years.Marine Geology,156:159-186.
    Jian Zhimin,Baohua Li,Baoqi Huang et al,2000. Globorotalia truncatulinoides as indicator of upper-ocean thermal structure during the Quaternary:evidence from the South China Sea and Okinawa Trough.Palaeogeogr.palaeoclimatol.palaeoecol.,162:287-298.
    Kaiho K,1994. Benthic foraminiferal dissolved-oxygen index and dissolved-oxygen levels in the modern ocean.Geology,22:719-722.
    Kitazato H,Shirayama Y,Nakatsuka,T.et al,2000. Seasonal phytodetrtus deposition and responses of bathyal benthic foraminiferal populations in Sagami Bay,Japan:preliminary results from "Project Sagami 1996-1999".Mar.Micropaleontol,40:135-149.
    Lee,C.S.,Shor,G.Jr.,Bibee,L.D.,et al.Okinawa Trough:origin of a back-arc basin.Mar.Geol,1980,35(1-3) :219-241.
    Li Baohua et al.,1997. Pulleniatina obliqueloculata as a paleoceanographic indicator in the southern Okinawa Trough during the last 20,000 years.Mar.Micropaleontol.32:59-69
    Lohmann G P,1978. Abyssal benthic foraminifera as hydrologic indicators in the Western South Atlantic Ocean,J.Foraminiferal Res.,8(1) :6-34.
    Martison,D.G.et al.,1987. Age dating and the orbital theory of the ice ages:development of a high-resolution 0 to 300,000-year chronostratigraphy.Quat.Res.,27:1-29.
    Miao Q and Thunell R C,1993. Recent deep-sea benthic foraminiferal distribution in the south China Sea.Mar.Micropaleontol.22:1-32.
    Miao,Q and Thunell,R.C.,1996. Late Pleistocene-Holocene distribution of deep-sea benthic foraminifera in the South China Sea and Sulu Sea:paleoceanographic implications.J.Foraminiferal Res.,26(1) :9-23.
    Milankovich M.,1941. Kanon der Erdbestrahlung und anwendung auf das Eiszeitenproblem.Belgrade Serbian Academy of Science.133:633.
    Mix A C,1988. The oxygen isotope record of glaciation.In:Ruddiman W F,Wright H E Jr,eds.North America and adjacent ocean during the last deglaciation.Colorado:Geol.Soc.Amer.,111-135.
    Murray,1976. A method of determining proximity of marginal seas to an ocean.Marine Geology,22(2) :103-119.
    Nurnberg,D.and Muller,A.,2000. Paleo-sea surface temperature calculations in the equatorial east Atlantic from Mg/Ca ratios in plantonic foraminifera:A comparison to sea surface temperature estimates from Uk37,oxygen isotopes and foraminiferal transfer function.Paleoceanography,15(1) :124-134.
    Oba T,Takemoto A,Xu Xuedong,et al,1996. The path of Kuroshio during the last 20 000 yrs:its paleoceanographic response to global climatic changes.Abstract of 30th IGC,Vol.2,Beijing,pp:250.
    Oda,M.et al.,1992. Plantonic foraminifera and paleoceanography in the domain of the Kuroshio Current around Japan during the last 20,000 years.The Quaternary Research,31(5) :341-357
    Okumara,S.,Minagawa M,Oba T.et al.,1996. Paleoenvironmental analysis of two
    
    sediments cores off Akita City Ⅰ the Japan Sea based on oxygen,carbon and nitrogen isotopes.The Quaternary Research,35(5) :349-358.
    Pflaumann,W.and Jian Z.,1999. Modem distribution patterns of plantonic foraminifera in the South China Sea and Western Pacific:A new transfer technique to estimate regional sea-surface temperatures.Marine Geology,156:41-83.
    Prahl,F.G.and Wakeham S.G.,1987. Calibration of unsaturation patterns in long-chain alkenone compositions for paleotemperature assessment.Nature,330:367-369.
    Ravlo,A.C.and Fairbanks,R.G.,1992. Oxygen isotope composition of multiple species of planktonic foraminifera:records of the modern photic zone temperature gradient.Paleoceanography,7(6) :815-831.
    Ravlo,A.C.,Fairbanks,R.G.and Philander S.G.H.,1990. Reconstructing tropical Atlantic hydrography using plantonic foraminifera and an ocean model.Paleoceanography,5(3) :409-431.
    Rijk S D,Jorissen F J,Rohling E J,et al,2000. Organic flux control of bathymetric zonation of Mediterranean benthic foraminifera.Mar.Micropaleontol.40:155-166.
    Rostek,F.,Ruhland,G.,Bassinot F.C.,et al.,1993. Reconstructing sea surface temperature and salinity using δ18O and alkenone recoreds.Nature,364:319-321.
    Rottman,M.L.,1979. Dissolution of planktonic foraminifera and pteropods in South China Sea sediments.Journal of Foraminifera Research,9(1) :41-49.
    Saito T,Thompson P R and Breger D,1981. System index of recent and Pleistocene planktonic foraminifera.Tokyo:University of Tokyo Press,pp.1-190.
    Samthein,M.K.et al.,1990. Reconstructing of low and middle latitude export productivity,30,000 years B.P.to present:implication for control of global carbon reservoirs.In:Climate-Ocean Interaction,edited by M.E.Schlesinger,Kluwer Academic Publishers,The Netherlands,p319-342.
    Sawada,K.and Handa,N.,1998. Variability of the path of the Kuroshio ocean current over the past 25,000 years.Nature,392:592-595.
    Schmidt G.A.,1999. Forward modeling of carbonate proxy data from planktonic foraminifera using isotope tracers in a global ocean model.Paleoceanography,14:482-497.
    Schnicker,D.,1980. Quaternary deep sea benthic foraminifera and bottom water masses.Annv.Rev.Earth planet.Sci,8:343-370.
    Shackleton N.J.and Vincent E.,1978. Oxygen and carbon isotope studies in recent foraminifera from the Southern Indian Ocean.Mar.Micropaleontology,3:1-13.
    Shackleton N.J.and Opdyke N.D.,1973. Oxygen isotope and palaeomagnetic stratigraphy of Equatorial Pacific Core V28-238:Oxygen isotope temperatures and ice volumes on a 105 year and 106 year scale.Quaternary Research,3(1) :39-55.
    Shackleton N.J.and Opdyke N.D.,1976. Oxygen-isotope and Paleomagnetic stratigraphy of pacific core V28-239:Late Pliocene to latest Pleistocene.In:Investigation of Latw Quaternary paleoceanography and paleoclimatology (R.M.Cline and J.D.hays eds),Mem.Geol.Soc.Am.,145:449-464.
    Shieh Y T,Chen M P,1995. The ancient Kuroshio current in the Okinawa Trough during the Holocene.Acta Oceanographia Taiwanica,34(4) :73-80
    Sowers,T.et al.,1995. Climate records covering the last deglaciation.Nature,269:210-214.
    
    
    Thompson P.R.,1981. Planktonic foraminifera in the Western North Pacific during the past 150,000 years:comparison of modem and fossil assemblages.Palaeogeogr.palaeoclimatol.palaeoecol.,35:241-279.
    Thunell,R.C.,1992. Glacial-Holocene biogenic sedimentation patterns in the South China Sea:productivity variations and surface water Pco2. Paleoceanography,7(2) :143-162.
    Ujiie,J.et al.,1991. Late Quaternary paleoceanographic record from the mid Ryukyu Trench slope,northwest Pacific.Mar.Micropaleontol.18:115-128
    Ujiie,J.and Ujiie,Y.,1999. Late Quaternary course changes of the Kuroshio Current in the Ryukyu Arc region,northwestern Pacific Ocean.Mar.Micropaleontol.37:23-40.
    Urey,H.C.,1947. The thermodynamic properties of isotopic substances.J.Chem.Soc.,562-581.
    Wang L.,Jian Z.and Chen J.,1997. Late Quternary pteropods in the South China Sea:Carbonate preservation and paleoenvironmental variation.Mar.Micropaleontol.,32:115-126.
    Wang L.,Sarnthein,M.,Duplessy,J.-C.et al.,1995. Paleo sea surface salinity in the low-latitude Atlantic:The δ18O record of Globigerinoides ruber (white).Paleoceanography,10(4) :749-761.
    Wang P,Wang L,Bian Y et al.,1995. Late Quaternary paleoceanography of the south China Sea:Surface circulation and carbonate cycles.Marine Geology,127:145-165.
    Wells,P.et al.,1994. Response of deep-sea benthic foraminifera to Late Quaternary climate changes,southeast Indian Ocean,offshore weatern Australia.Mar.Micropaleontol.,23:185-229.
    Xuedong Xu,M.Oda,1999. Surface-water evolution of the eastern East China Sea during the last 36,000 years.Mar.Geol,156:285-304.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700