基于土地产权转移的失地农民补偿制度研究
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摘要
中国的城市化进程正高速发展,已到了非常重要的转型时期。城市地域的扩充、城市人口的扩容以及农村土地的大量流失,导致我国的失地农民问题成为现阶段亟待且必须解决好的一大社会问题。笔者认为,市民化对失地农民具有质的意义,土地产权制度更是失地农民享受市民化待遇的重要前提,也是其他市民化政策制定的基础。论文重点从四大部分对基于土地产权转移的失地农民补偿制度进行纵深分析。
论文首先对基于土地产权转移的我国失地农民补偿制度的背景进行论述。论述城市化背景下失地农民的相关概念,分析产生失地农民的直接和间接原因,由此指出现阶段我国土地产权制度和征地补偿制度中存在的众多问题。鉴于土地对农民的生存重要性,创新性界定了本文中的土地产权补偿制度概念及其在市民化中的重要意义,以及政府在土地博弈过程中的公共职责。
然后,阐释了基于土地产权转移的失地农民补偿制度的理论和现实基础。基于土地产权理论、土地地租理论和外部效应理论,以及国家和各级政府对市民化过程中失地农民补偿制度的重视,进一步论证失地农民市民化中土地产权补偿制度的重要性和必要性。其次,论文从实践角度对国内外城市化进程中基于土地产权转移的补偿制度案例进行分析。借鉴国外三国不同模式和国内颇具特点的三种成功模式从土地征用及土地产权的各方面分析了国内外失地农民的补偿制度,并进行共同点或优缺点分析。
通过理论和实践论证,基于我国失地农民以土地产权转移为基点的补偿制度改革的背景,提出了相关失地农民土地产权补偿制度的对策,笔者认为,应从明晰土地各项产权促土地有效流转,加快土地产权制度专项立法方面,完善土地产权制度,构建失地农民利益保障的基础；明确界定公共利益,实行公益性用地征用和经营性用地征收制度,确定科学合理补偿标准和范围,实行多样化补偿手段,制定符合土地价值的土地产权补偿政策,构建失地农民利益保障的关键；从战略思想上重视城乡一体化规划,合理利用土地,充分尊重失地农民主体地位,健全政府服务职能,构建失地农民利益保障的前提；稳步推进长效土地产权补偿制度建设,切实加强社会保障基金的筹集、运营和管理,加强城乡一体社会保障制度的建立,构建失地农民利益保障的根本。
China's urbanization process is developing rapidly, and comes to a very important transition period. Expansion of the urban region, the expansion of the urban population and rural land loss, lead to China's peasants become a major social problem at this stage that must be solved. The author believes that the qualitative significance of the public on the peasants, land property rights policy is an important prerequisite for landless peasants to enjoy the treatment of the people of other members of the public policy of the basis set. The thesis focus on landless peasants' compensation system based on the transfer of land property rights.
The thesis discusses the background based on the transfer of land property rights of landless peasants' compensation system firstly.Discusses the background and the concept of the landless peasants and landless peasants residents of the cities involved in the article, and analysis to generate direct and indirect causes of the landless peasants, which pointed out that many problems at this stage of China's land property rights system and land acquisition and compensation system. In view of the importance of land to farmers, Innovation defines the important significance of the compensation policy of land property rights in the article in the citizen and the Government's public duties in the process of land game.
Based on the theory of land property rights, land rent theory and the theory of external effects, as well as countries and governments at all levels of increasing emphasis on the compensation policy for the people of the land property rights and urban-rural equalization trend to promote further demonstrated that the compensation policy of the Landless Farmers of land property rights the importance and necessity.The paper analyzes the process of urbanization at home and abroad in the land property rights compensation policy from a practical point of view. Foreign aspects, drawing on the different modes of the United States, Japan and Germany, Compensation from the land acquisition procedures, methods of compensation, the standard of compensation, compensation disputes abroad with high compensation for landless farmers to provide social security. The domestic front, summarize and analyze a variety of literature, select the characteristics of three models to analyze.
Based on the background of China's peasants to the land property rights transfer to the starting point of the compensation system reform, the proposed compensation system countermeasure related to landless peasants land property.I believe that the land the property rights should be clear to promote land effective circulation and speed up the land property rights system of special legislation. Improve the land property rights system, and build the basis of the protection of the interests of suburban peasants. Clear the definition of "public interest", the implementation of public welfare land acquisition and operating sites collection system to determine the standards and scope of scientific and reasonable compensation. Steady progress in the construction of long-term land property rights compensation system, strengthen the social security fund raising, operations and management, strengthen the establishment of integrated urban and rural social security system, to build the fundamental protection of the interests of the suburban landless peasants.
论文首先对基于土地产权转移的我国失地农民补偿制度的背景进行论述。论述城市化背景下失地农民的相关概念,分析产生失地农民的直接和间接原因,由此指出现阶段我国土地产权制度和征地补偿制度中存在的众多问题。鉴于土地对农民的生存重要性,创新性界定了本文中的土地产权补偿制度概念及其在市民化中的重要意义,以及政府在土地博弈过程中的公共职责。
然后,阐释了基于土地产权转移的失地农民补偿制度的理论和现实基础。基于土地产权理论、土地地租理论和外部效应理论,以及国家和各级政府对市民化过程中失地农民补偿制度的重视,进一步论证失地农民市民化中土地产权补偿制度的重要性和必要性。其次,论文从实践角度对国内外城市化进程中基于土地产权转移的补偿制度案例进行分析。借鉴国外三国不同模式和国内颇具特点的三种成功模式从土地征用及土地产权的各方面分析了国内外失地农民的补偿制度,并进行共同点或优缺点分析。
通过理论和实践论证,基于我国失地农民以土地产权转移为基点的补偿制度改革的背景,提出了相关失地农民土地产权补偿制度的对策,笔者认为,应从明晰土地各项产权促土地有效流转,加快土地产权制度专项立法方面,完善土地产权制度,构建失地农民利益保障的基础；明确界定公共利益,实行公益性用地征用和经营性用地征收制度,确定科学合理补偿标准和范围,实行多样化补偿手段,制定符合土地价值的土地产权补偿政策,构建失地农民利益保障的关键；从战略思想上重视城乡一体化规划,合理利用土地,充分尊重失地农民主体地位,健全政府服务职能,构建失地农民利益保障的前提；稳步推进长效土地产权补偿制度建设,切实加强社会保障基金的筹集、运营和管理,加强城乡一体社会保障制度的建立,构建失地农民利益保障的根本。
China's urbanization process is developing rapidly, and comes to a very important transition period. Expansion of the urban region, the expansion of the urban population and rural land loss, lead to China's peasants become a major social problem at this stage that must be solved. The author believes that the qualitative significance of the public on the peasants, land property rights policy is an important prerequisite for landless peasants to enjoy the treatment of the people of other members of the public policy of the basis set. The thesis focus on landless peasants' compensation system based on the transfer of land property rights.
The thesis discusses the background based on the transfer of land property rights of landless peasants' compensation system firstly.Discusses the background and the concept of the landless peasants and landless peasants residents of the cities involved in the article, and analysis to generate direct and indirect causes of the landless peasants, which pointed out that many problems at this stage of China's land property rights system and land acquisition and compensation system. In view of the importance of land to farmers, Innovation defines the important significance of the compensation policy of land property rights in the article in the citizen and the Government's public duties in the process of land game.
Based on the theory of land property rights, land rent theory and the theory of external effects, as well as countries and governments at all levels of increasing emphasis on the compensation policy for the people of the land property rights and urban-rural equalization trend to promote further demonstrated that the compensation policy of the Landless Farmers of land property rights the importance and necessity.The paper analyzes the process of urbanization at home and abroad in the land property rights compensation policy from a practical point of view. Foreign aspects, drawing on the different modes of the United States, Japan and Germany, Compensation from the land acquisition procedures, methods of compensation, the standard of compensation, compensation disputes abroad with high compensation for landless farmers to provide social security. The domestic front, summarize and analyze a variety of literature, select the characteristics of three models to analyze.
Based on the background of China's peasants to the land property rights transfer to the starting point of the compensation system reform, the proposed compensation system countermeasure related to landless peasants land property.I believe that the land the property rights should be clear to promote land effective circulation and speed up the land property rights system of special legislation. Improve the land property rights system, and build the basis of the protection of the interests of suburban peasants. Clear the definition of "public interest", the implementation of public welfare land acquisition and operating sites collection system to determine the standards and scope of scientific and reasonable compensation. Steady progress in the construction of long-term land property rights compensation system, strengthen the social security fund raising, operations and management, strengthen the establishment of integrated urban and rural social security system, to build the fundamental protection of the interests of the suburban landless peasants.
引文
[1]胡文木.农民市民化的政策效果及调整建议—以浙江为例[J].西北大学学报(哲学社会科版),2011(3)：27.
[2]李一平.加强非正式制度建设推进城郊失地农民市民化进程[J].中共杭州市委党校学报,2005(5)：52-55.
[1]葛金田.我国城市化进程中的失地农民问题[J].山东社会科学,2004(8)：12.
[2]张士斌.衔接与协调：失地农民“土地换保障”模式的转换[J].浙江社会科学,2010(4)：61-67.
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[1]张康之等.公共管理导论[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2003：76 89.
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[12]张士斌.衔接与协调：失地农民”土地换保障”模式的转换[J].浙江社会科学,2010(4)：61-67.
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[1]葛金田.我国城市化进程中的失地农民问题[J].山东社会科学,2004(8)：12.
[2]张士斌.衔接与协调：失地农民“土地换保障”模式的转换[J].浙江社会科学,2010(4)：61-67.
[1]Alchian,Armen.Some Economics of Property Rights[M].Liberty Pmss,1977:127.
[2]Demsetz,Harold.Ownership.Control.and the Film[M].BasilBlackwell,Ihc,1988:18.
[3] Nosal.E,The taking of land:Market value compensation should be paid[J].Journal of Public Economics,2001(15):431-433.
[4] Michaelg,Kitay发展中国家的征地[M].美国农村发展研究所,1985：50.
[1]严书翰等.中国城市化进程[M].北京：水利水电出版社,2006：86.
[1]廖小军.中国失地农民研究[M]北京：社会利学文献出版社,2005：14.
[1]王克强.中国农村集体土地资产化运作与社会保障机制建设研究[M].上海：上海财经大学出版社,2005：41.
[1]王刚,娄成武.城郊土地管理困境：中央与地方的“土地博奕”[J].行政论坛,2011(2)：72-77.
[1]张康之等.公共管理导论[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2003：76 89.
[1]刘伟,平新乔.经济体制改革三论——产权论、均衡论、市场论[M].北京：北京大学出版社,1990：235.
[1]严书翰等.中国城市化进程[M].北京：水利水电出版社,2006.3.
[2]廖小军.中国失地农民研究[M].社会科学文献出版社,2005.5.
[3]王克强.中国农村集体土地资产化运作与社会保障机制建设研究[M].上海财经大学出版社,2005：41.
[4]张康之等.公共管理导论[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2003,76-89.
[5]张军.现代产权经济学[M].上海：上海人民出版社,1994.
[6]冯华.21世纪的热点发展小城镇推动城市化[M].北京：科学出版社,1999.
[7]刘伟,平新乔.经济体制改革三论——产权论、均衡论、市场论[M].北京：北京大学出版社,1990.
[8]吴宣恭等.产权理论比较——马克思主义与西方产权学派[M].经济科学出版社,2000.
[9]楼培敏等.中国城市化：农民土地与城市发展[M].中国经济出版社,2004.
[10]王刚,娄成武.城郊土地管理困境：中央与地方的”土地博奕”[J].行政论坛,2011(2)：72-77.
[11]胡文木.城郊农民市民化的政策效果及调整建议—以浙江为例[J].西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2011(3)
[12]张士斌.衔接与协调：失地农民”土地换保障”模式的转换[J].浙江社会科学,2010(4)：61-67.
[13]金丽馥,孙莉.基于失地农民权益流失问题的农地产权制度探析[J].调研世界,2008(8)
[14]李一平.加强非正式制度建设推进城郊失地农民市民化进程[J].中共杭州市委党校学报,2005(5)：52-55.
[15]姜作培.城市化进程中农民市民化问题[J].国家行政学院学报,2003(4)：36-39.
[16]张国强.城市化进程中城郊土地利用问题的探讨[J].改革与战略.2009(10)：61-64.
[17]浙江省人民政府课题组.城市化进程中失地农民市民化问题的调查与思考[J].浙江社会科学,2003(4)：90-95.
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