柴油/甲醇组合燃烧的道路试验及燃烧特性研究
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摘要
随着石油资源的日益减少和排放法规的日趋严格,高效节能的替代燃料逐渐成为内燃机的重要研究方向,其中甲醇是具有广阔应用前景的石油替代燃料。本文围绕柴油甲醇组合在车辆运行的具体实现,以及由道路试验获得的结果而对其燃烧特性等方面所开展的深入研究。
首先,对车辆进行满足柴油甲醇组合燃烧方式的机械部分和电路部分的设计与改装,使其成为具有运行柴油/甲醇组合燃烧模式功能的整车。经过各道路工况试验标定后的柴油/甲醇组合燃烧改装车,在高速公路路况时,替代率为28.3%,替换比为1.36,整车的燃料热效率提高了10.26%;在普通道路路况时,替代率为24.2%,替换比为1.57,整车的燃料热效率提高了6.32%。
根据道路试验中发现的问题,特别是对着火性好的柴油在着火性不良的甲醇热氛围中着火燃烧的二元燃料燃烧特性开展深入、细致研究。结果表明:柴油/甲醇二元燃料的组合燃烧具有如下特征,1)喷入的甲醇大大改变了放热率的形式,使得着火始点较原机推迟很多;2)放热速率明显加快,放热率峰值增大,初始放热率急剧升高,燃烧过程中的预混燃烧比例明显加大,扩散燃烧的比例减少。
为了进一步了解柴油甲醇二元燃料的综合性能,在一台六缸电控单体泵发动机上采用柴油/甲醇组合的二元燃烧模式,对其动力特性、排放特性和经济特性进行全面研究。发现,这种燃烧方式1)动力性略高于原机;2)存在高燃料热效率的经济运行区;3)排放有明显改善。
另外,为了进一步了解柴油甲醇二元燃料的基础燃烧特性,还利用定容燃烧弹和可视化喷雾试验装置,分别从基础燃烧方面和雾化特性角度开展了研究。容弹实验结果表明:与纯空气氛围中相比,甲醇混合气氛围对柴油的着火具有较强的迟滞作用,延迟了着火。随着混合气中甲醇含量增大,柴油着火时刻会更加延迟。
通过以上的研究表明,柴油/甲醇组合燃烧模式可以应用于整车上满足道路运行要求,能够获得良好的燃料经济性。其燃料热效率大幅度提高的原因为:柴油甲醇二元燃料组合燃烧大大改变了放热率的形式,延长了燃料的滞燃期,增强了均质压燃的趋势,使得燃烧过程中的预混燃烧比例明显加大,扩散燃烧的比例减少,大幅度提高了发动机的热效率和燃料的热利用率。
With the reduction of petroleum resources and the increasingly stringent emission regulation, high efficient alternative fuels have become an important research direction of internal combustion engine. Methanol presents a promising prospect as an alternative fuel. This thesis encircle realization of applying the DMCC mode into vehicle, and further study on combustion character of diesel/methanol dual fuel is conducted according to the road test results.
The mechanical part and circuit system were refitted for the vehicle working at the DMCC mode. After the test calibration of each road conditions, on the thruway condition, substitute percentage is 28.3%, substitute ratio is 1.36, and the fuel thermal efficiency increases by 10.26%; on the common road condition, substitute percentage is 24.2%, substitute ratio is 1.57, and the fuel thermal efficiency increases by 6.32%.
According to the problems found in the road test, an intensive research was conducted concering on the combustion character of diesel/methanol dual fuel. The experimental results show that: the compound combustion of diesel/methanol dual fuel has the following characteristics, 1) Compared with the baseline engine, the form of heat release rate is changed significantly by the injected methanol, simultaneously the ignition point is delayed a lot. 2) The heat release rate is significantly accelerated, the maximum heat release rate increases and the original heat release rate rises sharply. Besides, the proportion of premixed combustion increased, the proportion of diffusion combustion decreases.
In order to further understand the comprehensive properties of diesel/methanol dual fuel combustion, the power performance, emission performance and fuel economy were investigated on a 6-cylinder electronic unit pump engine. The experiments show that: 1) The power performance of the DMCC mode is better than baseline engine. 2) The combustion of diesel/methanol dual fuel had a high efficient fuel thermal efficiency zone. 3) The emission performance is imprved.
In order to further understand the basis combustion character of diesel/methanol dual fuel, a study was carried out from the basic combustion and atomization characteristics respectively using a constant volume bomb and a visual methanol spray device. The basis combustion experiments show that, methanol atmosphere had a strong hysteresis to the ignition of diesel compared with pure air atmosphere, and the ignition time is delayed. Besides, the ignition time of diesel is delayed more with the increasing of the methanol content.
The above study shows that, the diesel/methanol compound combustion mode has been successfully applied to vehicle, which can meet the needs of normal operation and obtain excellent fuel economy. The reasons of why DMCC mode can greatly improve the fuel combustion efficiency are that, under the compound combustion of diesel/methanol dual fuel, the form of heat release rate is significantly changed, simultaneously the ignition point is delayed and the trend of homogeneous charge compression ignition is enhanced. Besides the proportion of premixed combustion increases, while the proportion of diffusion combustion decreases, so the fuel combustion efficiency of engine is greatly improved.
首先,对车辆进行满足柴油甲醇组合燃烧方式的机械部分和电路部分的设计与改装,使其成为具有运行柴油/甲醇组合燃烧模式功能的整车。经过各道路工况试验标定后的柴油/甲醇组合燃烧改装车,在高速公路路况时,替代率为28.3%,替换比为1.36,整车的燃料热效率提高了10.26%;在普通道路路况时,替代率为24.2%,替换比为1.57,整车的燃料热效率提高了6.32%。
根据道路试验中发现的问题,特别是对着火性好的柴油在着火性不良的甲醇热氛围中着火燃烧的二元燃料燃烧特性开展深入、细致研究。结果表明:柴油/甲醇二元燃料的组合燃烧具有如下特征,1)喷入的甲醇大大改变了放热率的形式,使得着火始点较原机推迟很多;2)放热速率明显加快,放热率峰值增大,初始放热率急剧升高,燃烧过程中的预混燃烧比例明显加大,扩散燃烧的比例减少。
为了进一步了解柴油甲醇二元燃料的综合性能,在一台六缸电控单体泵发动机上采用柴油/甲醇组合的二元燃烧模式,对其动力特性、排放特性和经济特性进行全面研究。发现,这种燃烧方式1)动力性略高于原机;2)存在高燃料热效率的经济运行区;3)排放有明显改善。
另外,为了进一步了解柴油甲醇二元燃料的基础燃烧特性,还利用定容燃烧弹和可视化喷雾试验装置,分别从基础燃烧方面和雾化特性角度开展了研究。容弹实验结果表明:与纯空气氛围中相比,甲醇混合气氛围对柴油的着火具有较强的迟滞作用,延迟了着火。随着混合气中甲醇含量增大,柴油着火时刻会更加延迟。
通过以上的研究表明,柴油/甲醇组合燃烧模式可以应用于整车上满足道路运行要求,能够获得良好的燃料经济性。其燃料热效率大幅度提高的原因为:柴油甲醇二元燃料组合燃烧大大改变了放热率的形式,延长了燃料的滞燃期,增强了均质压燃的趋势,使得燃烧过程中的预混燃烧比例明显加大,扩散燃烧的比例减少,大幅度提高了发动机的热效率和燃料的热利用率。
With the reduction of petroleum resources and the increasingly stringent emission regulation, high efficient alternative fuels have become an important research direction of internal combustion engine. Methanol presents a promising prospect as an alternative fuel. This thesis encircle realization of applying the DMCC mode into vehicle, and further study on combustion character of diesel/methanol dual fuel is conducted according to the road test results.
The mechanical part and circuit system were refitted for the vehicle working at the DMCC mode. After the test calibration of each road conditions, on the thruway condition, substitute percentage is 28.3%, substitute ratio is 1.36, and the fuel thermal efficiency increases by 10.26%; on the common road condition, substitute percentage is 24.2%, substitute ratio is 1.57, and the fuel thermal efficiency increases by 6.32%.
According to the problems found in the road test, an intensive research was conducted concering on the combustion character of diesel/methanol dual fuel. The experimental results show that: the compound combustion of diesel/methanol dual fuel has the following characteristics, 1) Compared with the baseline engine, the form of heat release rate is changed significantly by the injected methanol, simultaneously the ignition point is delayed a lot. 2) The heat release rate is significantly accelerated, the maximum heat release rate increases and the original heat release rate rises sharply. Besides, the proportion of premixed combustion increased, the proportion of diffusion combustion decreases.
In order to further understand the comprehensive properties of diesel/methanol dual fuel combustion, the power performance, emission performance and fuel economy were investigated on a 6-cylinder electronic unit pump engine. The experiments show that: 1) The power performance of the DMCC mode is better than baseline engine. 2) The combustion of diesel/methanol dual fuel had a high efficient fuel thermal efficiency zone. 3) The emission performance is imprved.
In order to further understand the basis combustion character of diesel/methanol dual fuel, a study was carried out from the basic combustion and atomization characteristics respectively using a constant volume bomb and a visual methanol spray device. The basis combustion experiments show that, methanol atmosphere had a strong hysteresis to the ignition of diesel compared with pure air atmosphere, and the ignition time is delayed. Besides, the ignition time of diesel is delayed more with the increasing of the methanol content.
The above study shows that, the diesel/methanol compound combustion mode has been successfully applied to vehicle, which can meet the needs of normal operation and obtain excellent fuel economy. The reasons of why DMCC mode can greatly improve the fuel combustion efficiency are that, under the compound combustion of diesel/methanol dual fuel, the form of heat release rate is significantly changed, simultaneously the ignition point is delayed and the trend of homogeneous charge compression ignition is enhanced. Besides the proportion of premixed combustion increases, while the proportion of diffusion combustion decreases, so the fuel combustion efficiency of engine is greatly improved.
引文
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