设有阻尼装置的结构的分析和研究
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摘要
振动控制是建筑结构抵抗地震作用，减小地震响应的一种有效方法。其中利用附加隔震支座或阻尼器对结构进行被动控制的方法，由于其有效性、经济性，而被越来越多的结构设计所采用。
本文利用层剪切模型探讨了隔震、消能减震结构的分析和设计方法。处理了非经典阻尼的问题，并运用一定的假设，得到了该模型下结构响应和阻尼的关系。
本文以框架结构作为研究对象，分析采用基底隔震和附加粘弹性阻尼器的结构的减震效果及其地震反应。为此，编制了隔震、减震框架结构的非线性动力时程分析程序。程序中对框架结构采用空间杆系模型。以一幢6层框架结构为例，分别对不附加阻尼装置、加粘弹性阻尼器和加隔震支座几种方案，输入El Centro和Taft地震波，进行时程分析。
研究结果表明不论是附加阻尼器装置结构还是隔震结构，都能明显改善结构的动力特性，减小结构在地震中的响应。对于隔震结构运用于多层和一般高层建筑有其固有的优势，而对于更高层的或柔性的建筑结构，并考虑到风振，在上部结构附加阻尼装置是更好的选择。
Vibration control has become a effective solution to reduce the response of structures in earthquake. One of these methods, passive control using base isolation technique or dampers, has been applied to more and more projects in the past, because they can reduce the seismic response effectively and economically.
In this paper, the analysis and design method of base seismic isolated and energy dissipated structure using the MDOF model has-been studied. Using the structural dynamic theoretics and some supposes dealt with the non-proportionally damped structural systems and deduced the relation of structural response and damp.
In this paper, the seismic reduction effectivness and earthquake response of RC frame structrre adopting base seismic isolation or added viscous dampers has been studied. A program used to dynamic time history analysis was woven to analyze the character of the nonlinear system. Dimensional beam-column elements model is used to describe the RC frame structure. One six storey RC frame building adopting base seismic isolation, added viscous dampers or traditional techuique with imposed the El Centre and Taft earthquake wave was analyzed as an example in this paper.
The researth results illustract that added viscous dampers structures and base seismic isolated structures can improve the dynamic character of structures obviously and minish the earthquake response of structures. The base seismic isolated structures have advantage in used in multilayer and common high buildings. But for the higher buildings added viscous dampers on it is the better choice with thinking over shake by wind.
本文利用层剪切模型探讨了隔震、消能减震结构的分析和设计方法。处理了非经典阻尼的问题，并运用一定的假设，得到了该模型下结构响应和阻尼的关系。
本文以框架结构作为研究对象，分析采用基底隔震和附加粘弹性阻尼器的结构的减震效果及其地震反应。为此，编制了隔震、减震框架结构的非线性动力时程分析程序。程序中对框架结构采用空间杆系模型。以一幢6层框架结构为例，分别对不附加阻尼装置、加粘弹性阻尼器和加隔震支座几种方案，输入El Centro和Taft地震波，进行时程分析。
研究结果表明不论是附加阻尼器装置结构还是隔震结构，都能明显改善结构的动力特性，减小结构在地震中的响应。对于隔震结构运用于多层和一般高层建筑有其固有的优势，而对于更高层的或柔性的建筑结构，并考虑到风振，在上部结构附加阻尼装置是更好的选择。
Vibration control has become a effective solution to reduce the response of structures in earthquake. One of these methods, passive control using base isolation technique or dampers, has been applied to more and more projects in the past, because they can reduce the seismic response effectively and economically.
In this paper, the analysis and design method of base seismic isolated and energy dissipated structure using the MDOF model has-been studied. Using the structural dynamic theoretics and some supposes dealt with the non-proportionally damped structural systems and deduced the relation of structural response and damp.
In this paper, the seismic reduction effectivness and earthquake response of RC frame structrre adopting base seismic isolation or added viscous dampers has been studied. A program used to dynamic time history analysis was woven to analyze the character of the nonlinear system. Dimensional beam-column elements model is used to describe the RC frame structure. One six storey RC frame building adopting base seismic isolation, added viscous dampers or traditional techuique with imposed the El Centre and Taft earthquake wave was analyzed as an example in this paper.
The researth results illustract that added viscous dampers structures and base seismic isolated structures can improve the dynamic character of structures obviously and minish the earthquake response of structures. The base seismic isolated structures have advantage in used in multilayer and common high buildings. But for the higher buildings added viscous dampers on it is the better choice with thinking over shake by wind.
引文
1. Yao J. T. P.. Concept of Structural Control. ASCE Joural of Structural Division. 1972, 98(577)
2．周福霖．工程结构减震控制．北京：地震出版社，1997
3．武田寿一．纪晓惠等译．建筑物隔震防振与控振．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
4．尹邦信．粘弹性单元的刚度矩阵．西南工学院学报，2000，15
5. Tasi C S, Lee H H. Applications of viscoelastic dampers to high-rise buildings. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 1993, 119(4); 1994120(12)
6．Roy R．Craig，Jr．常岭等译．结构动力学．北京：人民交通出版社，1996
7．魏文晖等．粘弹性阻尼器对建筑结构非线性地震反应的控制．地震工程与工程振动，1999，19(4)
8．周云，徐赵东，邓雪松．粘弹性阻尼结构中阻尼器的优化设置．世界地震工程，1998，14(3)
9．黄铭枫，唐家祥．高层建筑粘弹性阻尼器的优化设置．华中科技大学学报，2001，29(11)
10．王肇民．高耸结构振动控制．上海：同济大学出版社，1997，29(11)
11. Zhang R H, Soong T T. Seismic Design of Viscoelastic Dampers for Structural Applications. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE. 1992, 118(5)
12. Haftka R T, Adelman H M. Selection of Actuator Locations for Static Shape Control of Large Space Structures by Heuristic Integer Programming. Computers and Structures, 1985, 20(1～3)
13. Agrawal A K, Yang J N. Optimal Placement of Passive Dampers on Seismic and Wind-Excited Building Using Combinatorial Optimization. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Strutures, 1999(10)
14．膝军．结构振动控制系统优化理论与方法：[博士学位论文]．哈尔滨：哈尔滨建筑工程学院，1992
15. Thomson W T, Calkins T, Caravani P. A numerical study of damping. Earthquake Eng Struct Dyn, 1974(3)
16. Warburton G B, Soul S R. Errors in response calculations for non-classically damped structures. Earthquake Eng Struct Dyn, 1977(5)
17．郭永刚等．非比例阻尼对结构动力响应影响的摄动分析方法．地震工程与工程振动，1995，15(4)
18. Claret A, Venancio F. A model superposition pseudo-force method for dynamic analysis of structural systems with non-proportional damping . Earthquake Eng Struct Dyn, 1991,20(1)
19. Kelly J M. Therole of damping in seismic isolation. Earthquake Eng Struct Dyn, 1999, 28(1)
20．杜永峰，赵国藩．隔震结构中非经典阻尼影响及最佳阻尼比分析．地震工程与工程振动，2000，20(3)
21．吴波等．建筑结构被动控制的理论与应用．哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1997
22．周福霖．工程结构减震控制．北京：地震出版社，1997
23．唐家祥，刘再华．建筑结构基础隔震．华中理工大学出版社．
24．隔震结构入门．日本地震构造协会编．科学出版社，OHM社
25. Chang K C, Lai M L, Soong T T. Seismic behavior and design guidelines for steel frame structures with added viscoelastic dempers. Technical Report NCEER—93—0009. SUNY at Buffalo.
26．王瑁成，邵敏．有限单元法基本原理和数值方法(第二版)．北京：清华大学出版社，1997
27．王焕定，吴德伦，林家骥．有限单元法及计算程序．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
28. Ashour A, Hanson R D, Scholl R E. Effects of Supplemental Damping on Earthquake Response. Proc. ATC Seminar on Base Isolation and Passive Energy Dissipation. 1986
29. Przemieniecki J S. Theory of Matrix Structural Analysis. McGraw—Hill, New York(1968)
30．张新培．钢筋混凝土抗震结构非线性分析．北京：科学出版社，2003
31．朱镜清等．复杂介质体系阻尼矩阵的合理形成方法．力学与实践，1992，14(4)
32．胡聿贤．地震工程学．北京：地震出版社
33．王松涛，曹资．现代抗震设计方法．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1997
34．董明耀．对Clough R W《结构动力学》中θ法的讨论．力学与实践，1985
35. Lai M L, Lu P, Lunsford D A, Kasai K, Chang K C. Viscouelastic Damper: a Damper with Linear or Nonlinear Material. Proc. 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Elsevier Science Ltd, Mexico, 1996
36．Clough R W．王光远译．结构动力学．科学出版社．
37. Linda M T, Rakesh K G. Supplemental Viscous Damping Effects on Seismic Demands of Linear Elastic Systems. Master's Thesis, California Polytechnic State University. 2000
38．吴波，郭安薪．粘弹性阻尼器的性能研究．地震工程与工程振动．1998，18(2)
39．武田寿一．纪晓惠等译．建筑物隔震防振与控振．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
40．张荣山．工程振动与控制．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2003
2．周福霖．工程结构减震控制．北京：地震出版社，1997
3．武田寿一．纪晓惠等译．建筑物隔震防振与控振．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
4．尹邦信．粘弹性单元的刚度矩阵．西南工学院学报，2000，15
5. Tasi C S, Lee H H. Applications of viscoelastic dampers to high-rise buildings. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 1993, 119(4); 1994120(12)
6．Roy R．Craig，Jr．常岭等译．结构动力学．北京：人民交通出版社，1996
7．魏文晖等．粘弹性阻尼器对建筑结构非线性地震反应的控制．地震工程与工程振动，1999，19(4)
8．周云，徐赵东，邓雪松．粘弹性阻尼结构中阻尼器的优化设置．世界地震工程，1998，14(3)
9．黄铭枫，唐家祥．高层建筑粘弹性阻尼器的优化设置．华中科技大学学报，2001，29(11)
10．王肇民．高耸结构振动控制．上海：同济大学出版社，1997，29(11)
11. Zhang R H, Soong T T. Seismic Design of Viscoelastic Dampers for Structural Applications. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE. 1992, 118(5)
12. Haftka R T, Adelman H M. Selection of Actuator Locations for Static Shape Control of Large Space Structures by Heuristic Integer Programming. Computers and Structures, 1985, 20(1～3)
13. Agrawal A K, Yang J N. Optimal Placement of Passive Dampers on Seismic and Wind-Excited Building Using Combinatorial Optimization. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Strutures, 1999(10)
14．膝军．结构振动控制系统优化理论与方法：[博士学位论文]．哈尔滨：哈尔滨建筑工程学院，1992
15. Thomson W T, Calkins T, Caravani P. A numerical study of damping. Earthquake Eng Struct Dyn, 1974(3)
16. Warburton G B, Soul S R. Errors in response calculations for non-classically damped structures. Earthquake Eng Struct Dyn, 1977(5)
17．郭永刚等．非比例阻尼对结构动力响应影响的摄动分析方法．地震工程与工程振动，1995，15(4)
18. Claret A, Venancio F. A model superposition pseudo-force method for dynamic analysis of structural systems with non-proportional damping . Earthquake Eng Struct Dyn, 1991,20(1)
19. Kelly J M. Therole of damping in seismic isolation. Earthquake Eng Struct Dyn, 1999, 28(1)
20．杜永峰，赵国藩．隔震结构中非经典阻尼影响及最佳阻尼比分析．地震工程与工程振动，2000，20(3)
21．吴波等．建筑结构被动控制的理论与应用．哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1997
22．周福霖．工程结构减震控制．北京：地震出版社，1997
23．唐家祥，刘再华．建筑结构基础隔震．华中理工大学出版社．
24．隔震结构入门．日本地震构造协会编．科学出版社，OHM社
25. Chang K C, Lai M L, Soong T T. Seismic behavior and design guidelines for steel frame structures with added viscoelastic dempers. Technical Report NCEER—93—0009. SUNY at Buffalo.
26．王瑁成，邵敏．有限单元法基本原理和数值方法(第二版)．北京：清华大学出版社，1997
27．王焕定，吴德伦，林家骥．有限单元法及计算程序．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
28. Ashour A, Hanson R D, Scholl R E. Effects of Supplemental Damping on Earthquake Response. Proc. ATC Seminar on Base Isolation and Passive Energy Dissipation. 1986
29. Przemieniecki J S. Theory of Matrix Structural Analysis. McGraw—Hill, New York(1968)
30．张新培．钢筋混凝土抗震结构非线性分析．北京：科学出版社，2003
31．朱镜清等．复杂介质体系阻尼矩阵的合理形成方法．力学与实践，1992，14(4)
32．胡聿贤．地震工程学．北京：地震出版社
33．王松涛，曹资．现代抗震设计方法．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1997
34．董明耀．对Clough R W《结构动力学》中θ法的讨论．力学与实践，1985
35. Lai M L, Lu P, Lunsford D A, Kasai K, Chang K C. Viscouelastic Damper: a Damper with Linear or Nonlinear Material. Proc. 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Elsevier Science Ltd, Mexico, 1996
36．Clough R W．王光远译．结构动力学．科学出版社．
37. Linda M T, Rakesh K G. Supplemental Viscous Damping Effects on Seismic Demands of Linear Elastic Systems. Master's Thesis, California Polytechnic State University. 2000
38．吴波，郭安薪．粘弹性阻尼器的性能研究．地震工程与工程振动．1998，18(2)
39．武田寿一．纪晓惠等译．建筑物隔震防振与控振．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
40．张荣山．工程振动与控制．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2003