基于ZigBee技术的电动车控制系统
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摘要
随着科学技术的发展，物联网技术已经成为新一代信息技术的重要组成部分。物联网技术是通过射频识别（RFID）、红外感应器、全球定位系统、激光扫描器等信息传感设备，按约定的协议，将任意物品与互联网相连接，进行信息交换和通讯，以实现智能化识别、定位、追踪、监控和管理。
在中国，电动车已经成了大多数人的代步工具。电动车控制系统是电动车的关键技术。目前，常见的电动自行车，控制过程比较简单，一般只有几个简单的指令，这种简单控制方法在能量管理、安全保护、可驾驭性上往往存在不足。本文针对这个问题，设计了基于ZigBee技术的电动车控制系统，该系统不仅能够科学地管理能耗、提供全面的安全保护和舒适的驾驭性能，还能将发生故障的电动车对应的产品信息、用户信息、位置信息以及故障信息传输给远程的监管平台，监管平台对故障电动车进行更精确的故障诊断，确定故障的类型、性质和部位，及时做出维修决策和响应，减少用户的损失和等待时间。
本文主要围绕两大关键技术展开叙述：嵌入式系统和通信协议。整个嵌入式系统包含三层结构：控制节点层，网络汇聚层和管理应用层。控制节点层主要是以基于8051内核的CC2530芯片为基础，通过其外围扩展接口实现对电动车的控制，并且在IEEE802.15.4标准协议基础上实现与网络汇聚层的通信。网络汇聚层的设计主要以TI公司的一款基于Contex-M3系列LM3S9B92芯片为基础，利用其串口模块和以太网模块，实现实时控制、数据传输，并在TCP/IP标准协议的基础上实现与管理应用层的网络通信。管理应用层主要使用到SOCKET套接字编程，实现与网络汇聚层的交互。通信协议主要使用ZigBee通信协议和LWIP通信协议。
With the development of science and technology, the Internet of things technologyhas been an important part of a new-generation information technology. The Internet ofthings technology can create a connection and communication between any objects and theInternet based on certain protocols by information sensing equipments such as radiofrequency identification (RFID), infrared sensors, global positioning system and laserscanners. By such means, intelligent identification, location, tracing, monitoring andmanagement can be achieved.
In China, electric bikes have been the most popular conveyance. Electric controlsystem is the key technology of electric vehicles. At present, for common electric bic-ycles, the control process is simple, consisting of only a few simple instructions, which isoften inadequate to the requirements of energy management, safety, and riding ability. Tosolve this problem, an electric bike controlling system based on ZigBee was proposed. Thesystem is not only capable of providing scientific management of energy, protection fromaccidents and comfort performance, but also can transmit the product information, userinformation, location information and failure information to the remote supervisionplatform when failures occur. The platform can accomplish accurate fault diagnosis toquickly determinate the type, nature and position of the failure. By such means, repairmendecisions can be made promptly and users’ waiting time can be decreased.
The article is mainly about two key points: embedded system and communicationprotocol. The entire embedded system consists of three layers, the control node layer,network layer and management application layer. The control node layer can both controlthe electric bike by the peripheral extension interface of the CC2530chip taking8051as kernel and communicate with network layer based on IEEE802.15.4protocol. The networklayer handles implementation of real-time control and data transmission by serial portmodule and ethernet module of TI’s LM3S9B92chip from Contex-M3series. Besides, italso handles the communication with the management application layer based on TCP/IPprotocols. The management application layer connects to the network layer based onsocket programming. The main protocols contained in the3-layer structure are ZigBee andLWIP.
在中国，电动车已经成了大多数人的代步工具。电动车控制系统是电动车的关键技术。目前，常见的电动自行车，控制过程比较简单，一般只有几个简单的指令，这种简单控制方法在能量管理、安全保护、可驾驭性上往往存在不足。本文针对这个问题，设计了基于ZigBee技术的电动车控制系统，该系统不仅能够科学地管理能耗、提供全面的安全保护和舒适的驾驭性能，还能将发生故障的电动车对应的产品信息、用户信息、位置信息以及故障信息传输给远程的监管平台，监管平台对故障电动车进行更精确的故障诊断，确定故障的类型、性质和部位，及时做出维修决策和响应，减少用户的损失和等待时间。
本文主要围绕两大关键技术展开叙述：嵌入式系统和通信协议。整个嵌入式系统包含三层结构：控制节点层，网络汇聚层和管理应用层。控制节点层主要是以基于8051内核的CC2530芯片为基础，通过其外围扩展接口实现对电动车的控制，并且在IEEE802.15.4标准协议基础上实现与网络汇聚层的通信。网络汇聚层的设计主要以TI公司的一款基于Contex-M3系列LM3S9B92芯片为基础，利用其串口模块和以太网模块，实现实时控制、数据传输，并在TCP/IP标准协议的基础上实现与管理应用层的网络通信。管理应用层主要使用到SOCKET套接字编程，实现与网络汇聚层的交互。通信协议主要使用ZigBee通信协议和LWIP通信协议。
With the development of science and technology, the Internet of things technologyhas been an important part of a new-generation information technology. The Internet ofthings technology can create a connection and communication between any objects and theInternet based on certain protocols by information sensing equipments such as radiofrequency identification (RFID), infrared sensors, global positioning system and laserscanners. By such means, intelligent identification, location, tracing, monitoring andmanagement can be achieved.
In China, electric bikes have been the most popular conveyance. Electric controlsystem is the key technology of electric vehicles. At present, for common electric bic-ycles, the control process is simple, consisting of only a few simple instructions, which isoften inadequate to the requirements of energy management, safety, and riding ability. Tosolve this problem, an electric bike controlling system based on ZigBee was proposed. Thesystem is not only capable of providing scientific management of energy, protection fromaccidents and comfort performance, but also can transmit the product information, userinformation, location information and failure information to the remote supervisionplatform when failures occur. The platform can accomplish accurate fault diagnosis toquickly determinate the type, nature and position of the failure. By such means, repairmendecisions can be made promptly and users’ waiting time can be decreased.
The article is mainly about two key points: embedded system and communicationprotocol. The entire embedded system consists of three layers, the control node layer,network layer and management application layer. The control node layer can both controlthe electric bike by the peripheral extension interface of the CC2530chip taking8051as kernel and communicate with network layer based on IEEE802.15.4protocol. The networklayer handles implementation of real-time control and data transmission by serial portmodule and ethernet module of TI’s LM3S9B92chip from Contex-M3series. Besides, italso handles the communication with the management application layer based on TCP/IPprotocols. The management application layer connects to the network layer based onsocket programming. The main protocols contained in the3-layer structure are ZigBee andLWIP.
引文
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[5]陆建．电动车驱动控制系统的研究与设计[D]．上海：上海交通大学，2008．
[6]张学烨，周欢娣．浅谈国内物联网应用与发展技术[J]．SOFTWARE，2012（10）：116-117．
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[9]卢子甲，郑现伟，谭斌斌．物联网技术及应用[J]．企业家天地下半月刊，2009（12）．
[10]董爽，胡智斌．物联网射频识别技术的安全问题及防范策略[J]．中国新技术新产品，2011（12）．
[11]GUSTAVO RG, MARIO MO, CARLOS DK. Early in-frastructure of an Internet ofThings in Spaces for Learning[C]//Eighth IEEE International Conference on AdvancedLearning Technologies,2008．
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[14]王保云．物联网技术研究综述[J]．电子测量与仪器学报，2009（12）．
[15]AKYILDIZ LF. Wireless sensor networks: A sur-vey[J]. Computer Networks,2002(38):393-422．
[16]陈积明，林瑞仲，孙优贤．无线传感器网络的信息处理研究[J]．仪器仪表学报，2007（9）：1107-1111．
[17]陈荆花，王洁．浅析手机二维码在物联网中的应用及发展[J]．电信科学，2010（4）．
[18]周怡，凌志浩，吴勤勤．ZigBee无线通信技术及其应用探讨[J]．自动化仪表，2005（6）．
[19]余子轩．无线传感网和物联网中网络的地位和作用[J]．射频世界，2010（4）．
[20]肖同松．无线传感网络综述[J]．中国科技信息，2008（23）．
[21]Niculescu D, Nath B. Localized positioning in ad hoc networks.In: Proc. Ofthe1stIEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols andApplications.Anchorage: IEEE Communications Societies.2003:42-50.
[22]IEEE802.15.4, Part15.4： Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC） andPhysicalLayer (PHYS) pecifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal AreaNetworks(LR-WPANs）,October,2003．
[23]王权平，王莉．ZigBee技术及其应用.现代电信科技,2004．
[24] Z-Stack Developer’s Guide[EB/OL].Document Number:SWRA176. http://www.ti.com/．
[25]关忠振．基于ZigBee的家庭控制网络的应用研究[D].江苏大学.2008．
[26]薛利娟.基于ZigBee技术的无线自组织的研究与设计[D].西安电子科技大学.2011．
[27]瞿雷，刘盛德，胡咸斌. ZigBee技术及应用[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.169－197．
[28]李刚，陈俊杰，葛文涛.一种改进的ZigBee网络Cluster-Tree路由算法[J].测控技术2009(09)．
[29]周武斌，罗大庸. ZigBee路由协议的研究[J].计算机工程与科学,2009,31(6):12-14．
[30]谢川.基于ZigBee的AODVjr算法研究[J].计算机工程，2011(5)，第37卷第10期．
[31]张齐,劳炽元．轻量级协议栈LWIP的分析与改进[J].计算机工程与设计,2010(10)．
[32]The LwIP TCP/IP stack [EB/OL]. http://www.sics.se/~adam/lwip/,2004.
[33]付晓军,夏应清,何轩．嵌入式LwIP协议栈的内存管理[j].电子技术应用,2006年03期．
[34]何坚,颜回中．一种改进的嵌入式TCP/IP缓冲管理机制[J].现代计算机(专业版),2010年09期．
[35]孙乐鸣,江来,代鑫．嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈LWIP的内部结构探索与研究[J].电子元器件应用,2008年03期．
[36]蔡雄飞,王新华,郭淑琴．嵌入式TCP/IP协议LwIP的内存管理机制研究[J].杭州电子科技大学学报,2012年04期．
[37]徐鑫,曹奇英．基于LwIP协议栈的UDP协议分析与优化[J].计算机应用与软件,2011年03期．
[38]陶遂．基于ZigBee技术的无线门禁系统设计[硕士论文].．江苏：苏州大学.2012(5)．
[39](美)Kenneth/L./Calvert(肯塔基大学)Michael/J./Donahoo(贝勒大学)周恒民/等译．Java TCP\IP Socket编程[M]．机械工业出版社.2009:3-10．
[40]但尧．C#编程指南[M]．清华大学出版社，2011：5-10．
[2] Hideo Nakai Hiroki Ohtani Eiji Satoh Yukio Inaguma. Development and testing of thetorque control forthe Permanent-Magnet synchronous motor[J].IndustrialElectronics,2005(800-806)．
[3] EHSANI MM. Performance analysis of electric motor drives for electric and hybridelectric vehicle applications[J]. Power Electronics in Transportation,1996(49-56)．
[4]李斌花．纯电动汽车电机驱动系统控制策略研究[D]．湖南：湖南大学，2004．
[5]陆建．电动车驱动控制系统的研究与设计[D]．上海：上海交通大学，2008．
[6]张学烨，周欢娣．浅谈国内物联网应用与发展技术[J]．SOFTWARE，2012（10）：116-117．
[7]宁焕生，徐群玉．全球物联网发展及中国物联网建设若干思考[J]．电子学报，2011．
[8]郑加金，陆云清．物联网概念及无锡物联网产业分析[J]．科技信息，2010（36）．
[9]卢子甲，郑现伟，谭斌斌．物联网技术及应用[J]．企业家天地下半月刊，2009（12）．
[10]董爽，胡智斌．物联网射频识别技术的安全问题及防范策略[J]．中国新技术新产品，2011（12）．
[11]GUSTAVO RG, MARIO MO, CARLOS DK. Early in-frastructure of an Internet ofThings in Spaces for Learning[C]//Eighth IEEE International Conference on AdvancedLearning Technologies,2008．
[12]AMARDEO C, SARMA, G J. Identities in the future Internet of things[J]. WirelessPERS Commun,2009(49):353–363．
[13]Anon. The Internet of things[C]//International Telecommunication Union UIT.ITUInter-net Reports2005,2005．
[14]王保云．物联网技术研究综述[J]．电子测量与仪器学报，2009（12）．
[15]AKYILDIZ LF. Wireless sensor networks: A sur-vey[J]. Computer Networks,2002(38):393-422．
[16]陈积明，林瑞仲，孙优贤．无线传感器网络的信息处理研究[J]．仪器仪表学报，2007（9）：1107-1111．
[17]陈荆花，王洁．浅析手机二维码在物联网中的应用及发展[J]．电信科学，2010（4）．
[18]周怡，凌志浩，吴勤勤．ZigBee无线通信技术及其应用探讨[J]．自动化仪表，2005（6）．
[19]余子轩．无线传感网和物联网中网络的地位和作用[J]．射频世界，2010（4）．
[20]肖同松．无线传感网络综述[J]．中国科技信息，2008（23）．
[21]Niculescu D, Nath B. Localized positioning in ad hoc networks.In: Proc. Ofthe1stIEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols andApplications.Anchorage: IEEE Communications Societies.2003:42-50.
[22]IEEE802.15.4, Part15.4： Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC） andPhysicalLayer (PHYS) pecifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal AreaNetworks(LR-WPANs）,October,2003．
[23]王权平，王莉．ZigBee技术及其应用.现代电信科技,2004．
[24] Z-Stack Developer’s Guide[EB/OL].Document Number:SWRA176. http://www.ti.com/．
[25]关忠振．基于ZigBee的家庭控制网络的应用研究[D].江苏大学.2008．
[26]薛利娟.基于ZigBee技术的无线自组织的研究与设计[D].西安电子科技大学.2011．
[27]瞿雷，刘盛德，胡咸斌. ZigBee技术及应用[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.169－197．
[28]李刚，陈俊杰，葛文涛.一种改进的ZigBee网络Cluster-Tree路由算法[J].测控技术2009(09)．
[29]周武斌，罗大庸. ZigBee路由协议的研究[J].计算机工程与科学,2009,31(6):12-14．
[30]谢川.基于ZigBee的AODVjr算法研究[J].计算机工程，2011(5)，第37卷第10期．
[31]张齐,劳炽元．轻量级协议栈LWIP的分析与改进[J].计算机工程与设计,2010(10)．
[32]The LwIP TCP/IP stack [EB/OL]. http://www.sics.se/~adam/lwip/,2004.
[33]付晓军,夏应清,何轩．嵌入式LwIP协议栈的内存管理[j].电子技术应用,2006年03期．
[34]何坚,颜回中．一种改进的嵌入式TCP/IP缓冲管理机制[J].现代计算机(专业版),2010年09期．
[35]孙乐鸣,江来,代鑫．嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈LWIP的内部结构探索与研究[J].电子元器件应用,2008年03期．
[36]蔡雄飞,王新华,郭淑琴．嵌入式TCP/IP协议LwIP的内存管理机制研究[J].杭州电子科技大学学报,2012年04期．
[37]徐鑫,曹奇英．基于LwIP协议栈的UDP协议分析与优化[J].计算机应用与软件,2011年03期．
[38]陶遂．基于ZigBee技术的无线门禁系统设计[硕士论文].．江苏：苏州大学.2012(5)．
[39](美)Kenneth/L./Calvert(肯塔基大学)Michael/J./Donahoo(贝勒大学)周恒民/等译．Java TCP\IP Socket编程[M]．机械工业出版社.2009:3-10．
[40]但尧．C#编程指南[M]．清华大学出版社，2011：5-10．