高速公路软土路基拓宽变形性状与时间效应分析
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摘要
本文在我国高速公路扩建加宽工程需要不断增长的研究背景下,针对拓宽软土路基研究的不足,以沪宁高速公路镇江段扩建工程为依托,开展高速公路软土路基拓宽变形性状研究。
在拓宽新老路基开展了十字板剪切、静力触探、孔压消散等原位试验与取样后的剪切、固结、渗透等室内试验,对比研究了新老路基土的物理力学性质的差异性,综合结果表明,由于土性、勘察试验及取样等诸多不确定性,新老路基土的力学性质差异很难通过原位试验和室内试验进行较准确的定量评价,进而难以在新老路基土体参数的设计取值中得到较准确的体现。
在考虑不同拓宽高度、拓宽宽度、路基土层与土体参数、路面荷载、路堤施工速率的基础上,采用数值模拟方法,较系统深入地研究了拓宽新老路基应力与变形分布特征,结果表明,拓宽路堤高度与宽度对路基内最大竖向附加应力和附加剪应力以及最大竖向沉降和水平位移值影响较大,对其发生位置也有不同程度的影响;路基土层厚度及c、φ值在一定范围内变化对路基应力与变形影响较小,而E_s的变化则影响较大;正常施工速率变化对路堤完工后的路基应力与变形影响可以忽略。上述结果为拓宽路基处治设计提供了依据。
采用数值模拟方法,分析了桩长、桩距、桩侧摩阻力、土工格栅、填土速率对浆喷桩处理拓宽软土路基变形的影响,结果表明:桩长和桩距是影响路基变形的控制性因素;桩侧摩阻力的降低对拓宽路基累计沉降的影响最大,对工后差异沉降和工后沉降的影响次之;浆喷桩顶设置桩帽时,铺设土工格栅对减小路基工后沉降和不均匀沉降的作用不明显;路堤填筑速率仅对拓宽路基变形速率产生影响,对累计变形基本上无影响。根据上述分析结果,确定了典型断面的浆喷桩处治优化方案,监测验证结果表明,计算结果与实测结果基本相符,拓宽路基沉降满足变形控制标准。
开展了模拟路堤加载过程的最长近1a的固结蠕变试验,结果发现:加载过程的不同(分级小步加载过程及循环荷载过程)会影响土样的变形过程,但在最终荷载相同且维持时间足够长的情况下,其累计变形量和蠕变规律将趋于一致;淤泥质粉质粘土试样的长时间蠕变具有“稳定-小幅加速-更加稳定”的特征。KO固结和三轴蠕变蠕变试验得出的蠕变规律与一维固结蠕变试验基本相同。开展了一个月的现场载荷蠕变试验,发现塑料排水板处理和浆喷桩处理段软土路基的各级加载曲线可以采用幂函数可以很好的拟合,且形状具有相似性,与室内试验结果具有一致性。采用硬化蠕变理论考虑土的蠕变特性,对拓宽软土路基施工及运营过程的变形进行了数值模拟并与实测结果进行了对比,结果表明考虑蠕变的变形计算结果整体好于不考虑蠕变的变形计算结果。对典型断面的路基长期沉降预测结果表明,蠕变沉降对路基沉降的贡献随着时间的增加而增加,30a末,考虑蠕变的拓宽路基沉降比不考虑蠕变的沉降约大10%,但其工后沉降及工后差异沉降仍满足控制标准。
最后,基于对拓宽新老路基变形性状的研究结果,综合新老路堤填料试验、数值模拟、施工工艺与质量检查、现场监测、路面裂缝调查与预防分析等结果,总结提出了高速公路拓宽路堤填筑与变形控制方法。
In the background of an increasing demand for expressway widening projects and inadeuqence of study on widening embankments on soft ground, supported by the Zhengjiang Segment of Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway Widening Project, analysis of the deformation behavior of widening embankment founded on soft ground is demonstrated by in-situ and laboratory tests, numerial simulation, monitoring verification.
By in-situ tests and laboratory tests, the physical and mechanical properties of soils under old and new embankment are comparatively studied. The results indicate that for the uncertainty of soil properties, exploring sampling and tests, quantitative assessment for the difference of physical and mechanical properties between the soils under the new and old embankments is difficult, and then the difference is hard to be taken into account for the design value of soil parameters.
With numerical simulation, the stress distribution and deformation processes of the soft ground are studied with consideration of different widening heights, widths, parameters of ground soils, pavement loads, embankment construction velocity, the results reveal that the maximum vertical additional stress and shear stress, maximum settlements and horizontal displacements are lowly influenced by the widening height and width, while highly by the Es; normal construction rate change has little impact on the stress distribution and deformation of soft ground after the embankment is finished.
By numerical simulation and monitoring verification, the influence of pile length, pile distance, pile lateral friction force, geogrid and construction rate on the widening embankment founded on soft ground treated with Cement Deep Mixing(CDM) piles of is analyzed, the results indicates that: pile length and distance are the most significant influent factors to the deformation controlling; due to the decrease of pile lateral friction force, the accumulated settlements of widening embankment is mostly influenced, and then the post-construction settlements and post-construction differential settlements; geogrid laid over the soft ground treated with piles and pile caps has not distinct improvement on differential settlements; the embankment construction rate has influence on settlement rate but little on accumulated settlements. According to the above-mentioned results, an optimized treatment scheme for widening embankment on soft foundation is advanced and adopted. The settlement monitoring results show that the numerical calculation results almost accord with the actual settlements and the settlements indexes can meet the requests of deformation controlling standards.
Some one-dimensional consolidation creep tests lasting for nearly one year are performed for simulating the course of embankment construction loading, the creep rate of muddy silty clay is found to have a feature of "steady-small accumulating-more steady", and that if the ultimate load is the same and the lasting time is long enough, the accumulated deformation and creep law of soil samples with different loading process have almost the same tendency. Considering the creep properties with Strain Hardening Creep Law, the deformation of widened embankment during construction and service is numerically simulated and verified by monitoring data, the results indicate that the calculating deformation with creep consideration can match the monitoring deformation better than that without creep consideration. Settlements prediction for typical embankment section shows that the proportion of creep settlement to total settlement rises with the time increasing, at the end of 30a, calculating settlement with creep consideration is nearly 10% larger than that without creep consideration, but the post-construction settlements and differential post-construction settlements can still meet the controlling standards.
Combining ways of experiments on ground soil and filling soil, in-situ monitoring, modifying controlling indexes for embankment construction and deformation, analysis of pavement crack investigation and precaution, a composite method is advanced for construction and deformation controlling during express way widening.
在拓宽新老路基开展了十字板剪切、静力触探、孔压消散等原位试验与取样后的剪切、固结、渗透等室内试验,对比研究了新老路基土的物理力学性质的差异性,综合结果表明,由于土性、勘察试验及取样等诸多不确定性,新老路基土的力学性质差异很难通过原位试验和室内试验进行较准确的定量评价,进而难以在新老路基土体参数的设计取值中得到较准确的体现。
在考虑不同拓宽高度、拓宽宽度、路基土层与土体参数、路面荷载、路堤施工速率的基础上,采用数值模拟方法,较系统深入地研究了拓宽新老路基应力与变形分布特征,结果表明,拓宽路堤高度与宽度对路基内最大竖向附加应力和附加剪应力以及最大竖向沉降和水平位移值影响较大,对其发生位置也有不同程度的影响;路基土层厚度及c、φ值在一定范围内变化对路基应力与变形影响较小,而E_s的变化则影响较大;正常施工速率变化对路堤完工后的路基应力与变形影响可以忽略。上述结果为拓宽路基处治设计提供了依据。
采用数值模拟方法,分析了桩长、桩距、桩侧摩阻力、土工格栅、填土速率对浆喷桩处理拓宽软土路基变形的影响,结果表明:桩长和桩距是影响路基变形的控制性因素;桩侧摩阻力的降低对拓宽路基累计沉降的影响最大,对工后差异沉降和工后沉降的影响次之;浆喷桩顶设置桩帽时,铺设土工格栅对减小路基工后沉降和不均匀沉降的作用不明显;路堤填筑速率仅对拓宽路基变形速率产生影响,对累计变形基本上无影响。根据上述分析结果,确定了典型断面的浆喷桩处治优化方案,监测验证结果表明,计算结果与实测结果基本相符,拓宽路基沉降满足变形控制标准。
开展了模拟路堤加载过程的最长近1a的固结蠕变试验,结果发现:加载过程的不同(分级小步加载过程及循环荷载过程)会影响土样的变形过程,但在最终荷载相同且维持时间足够长的情况下,其累计变形量和蠕变规律将趋于一致;淤泥质粉质粘土试样的长时间蠕变具有“稳定-小幅加速-更加稳定”的特征。KO固结和三轴蠕变蠕变试验得出的蠕变规律与一维固结蠕变试验基本相同。开展了一个月的现场载荷蠕变试验,发现塑料排水板处理和浆喷桩处理段软土路基的各级加载曲线可以采用幂函数可以很好的拟合,且形状具有相似性,与室内试验结果具有一致性。采用硬化蠕变理论考虑土的蠕变特性,对拓宽软土路基施工及运营过程的变形进行了数值模拟并与实测结果进行了对比,结果表明考虑蠕变的变形计算结果整体好于不考虑蠕变的变形计算结果。对典型断面的路基长期沉降预测结果表明,蠕变沉降对路基沉降的贡献随着时间的增加而增加,30a末,考虑蠕变的拓宽路基沉降比不考虑蠕变的沉降约大10%,但其工后沉降及工后差异沉降仍满足控制标准。
最后,基于对拓宽新老路基变形性状的研究结果,综合新老路堤填料试验、数值模拟、施工工艺与质量检查、现场监测、路面裂缝调查与预防分析等结果,总结提出了高速公路拓宽路堤填筑与变形控制方法。
In the background of an increasing demand for expressway widening projects and inadeuqence of study on widening embankments on soft ground, supported by the Zhengjiang Segment of Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway Widening Project, analysis of the deformation behavior of widening embankment founded on soft ground is demonstrated by in-situ and laboratory tests, numerial simulation, monitoring verification.
By in-situ tests and laboratory tests, the physical and mechanical properties of soils under old and new embankment are comparatively studied. The results indicate that for the uncertainty of soil properties, exploring sampling and tests, quantitative assessment for the difference of physical and mechanical properties between the soils under the new and old embankments is difficult, and then the difference is hard to be taken into account for the design value of soil parameters.
With numerical simulation, the stress distribution and deformation processes of the soft ground are studied with consideration of different widening heights, widths, parameters of ground soils, pavement loads, embankment construction velocity, the results reveal that the maximum vertical additional stress and shear stress, maximum settlements and horizontal displacements are lowly influenced by the widening height and width, while highly by the Es; normal construction rate change has little impact on the stress distribution and deformation of soft ground after the embankment is finished.
By numerical simulation and monitoring verification, the influence of pile length, pile distance, pile lateral friction force, geogrid and construction rate on the widening embankment founded on soft ground treated with Cement Deep Mixing(CDM) piles of is analyzed, the results indicates that: pile length and distance are the most significant influent factors to the deformation controlling; due to the decrease of pile lateral friction force, the accumulated settlements of widening embankment is mostly influenced, and then the post-construction settlements and post-construction differential settlements; geogrid laid over the soft ground treated with piles and pile caps has not distinct improvement on differential settlements; the embankment construction rate has influence on settlement rate but little on accumulated settlements. According to the above-mentioned results, an optimized treatment scheme for widening embankment on soft foundation is advanced and adopted. The settlement monitoring results show that the numerical calculation results almost accord with the actual settlements and the settlements indexes can meet the requests of deformation controlling standards.
Some one-dimensional consolidation creep tests lasting for nearly one year are performed for simulating the course of embankment construction loading, the creep rate of muddy silty clay is found to have a feature of "steady-small accumulating-more steady", and that if the ultimate load is the same and the lasting time is long enough, the accumulated deformation and creep law of soil samples with different loading process have almost the same tendency. Considering the creep properties with Strain Hardening Creep Law, the deformation of widened embankment during construction and service is numerically simulated and verified by monitoring data, the results indicate that the calculating deformation with creep consideration can match the monitoring deformation better than that without creep consideration. Settlements prediction for typical embankment section shows that the proportion of creep settlement to total settlement rises with the time increasing, at the end of 30a, calculating settlement with creep consideration is nearly 10% larger than that without creep consideration, but the post-construction settlements and differential post-construction settlements can still meet the controlling standards.
Combining ways of experiments on ground soil and filling soil, in-situ monitoring, modifying controlling indexes for embankment construction and deformation, analysis of pavement crack investigation and precaution, a composite method is advanced for construction and deformation controlling during express way widening.
引文
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