酒窝板换热特性的实验研究
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摘要
近年来由于生产和科学技术发展的需要,强化传热技术已得到较大的发展,并且广泛的应用于石油、化工、动力和制冷等工程领域的换热设备中。研究各种换热过程的强化问题来提高换热设备的性能或设计新颖的高效换热器,不仅是现代工业发展过程中必须解决的重要课题,同时也是开发新能源和开展节能工作的一项紧迫任务。
本文以实验手段对自行设计的新型酒窝板换热器的换热及流动特性进行了研究。从酒窝板的制作到实验台的热力系统、水力系统、测量系统、控制系统的设计等方面都做了细致、深入的分析和研究,建立了易于测试、精度较高的板式换热器性能测定实验台,通过实践,并对本实验装置的进一步改进提出了建设性的建议。
实验中,以普通平板和酒窝板为研究对象,首先对介质为水的两种板式换热器内的不同流速情况下的对流换热问题进行理论分析,然后在建立的实验台上,对本文提出的酒窝板式换热器以及现有的实际生产中常用的平板式换热器换热及流动性能进行了实验测试,且对两者进行了数据的误差分析及数据对比,分别得到了不同入口温度下的酒窝板与平板出口温度、壁面换热系数、换热量的对比曲线,从而分析了酒窝板的换热性能,结果表明:
(1)在相同的入口温度条件下,换热量是与雷诺数有密切关系的,酒窝板的换热量在总体上是大于平板的,不过同时压降也增大;
(2)入口温度相同的条件下,雷诺数较低的时候,酒窝板的强化换热效果并不明显;随着雷诺数的增大,酒窝板的壁面换热系数、换热量也是呈增大趋势的,同时它的进出口温差越来越小,这是因为流速过大,会使水箱内换热速度太快,换热可利用的时间过短,不足以达到所需的传热温度;
(3)通过进一步将实验结果与数值模拟结果的对比,验证了数值模拟的方法对于这种新型的板式换热器的有效性及可行性,从而得到此种酒窝板式换热器相较平板式的优点所在。
With the requirement of manufacture and science technology in recent years, the technique of enhancing heat transfer has been developed greatly, and has been widely used in many areas such as oil, chemistry, dynamic and refrigeration, and so on. It can improve heat transfer performance by improving heat exchanger’s structure. It is not only a subject to be figured out in modern industry but also an urgent task in new energy exploration and energy conversation to design new high-efficiency heat exchangers by researching all kinds of heat transfer enhancement.
The paper is based on experimental means of a new type of self-dimple designed plate heat exchanger, and it studies the heat flow characteristics. There is a detailed, in-depth analysis and research for the dimple plate, from the production of the experimental station thermal system, hydraulic system, measurement system, and control system design, and is also establish an easy test, high precision performance of plate heat exchanger Experimental Desk. Through practice, it provides a further improvement to the constructive recommendations with the experimental device.
In this paper, experiment and study is for common plate and dimple plate. At the first, there is a theoretical analysis for the two water medium for plate heat exchanger within the different circumstances velocity convection heat transfer problems, and then on the established experimental stage, the paper do a mobile laboratory tests for the heat transfer performance between the dimple plate heat exchanger and the flat-plate heat exchanger which exists commonly and widely used in the actual production, and then give a data comparison and error data analysis between the two, and then obtained the outlet temperature of dimple plate and the plate under different inlet temperature, the wall surface heat transfer coefficient, the heat transfer quantity correlation curve separately, thus it has analyzed the heat transfer performance of dimple plate, the results showed that:
(1)In the same inlet temperature, the heat transfer is closely related with the Reynolds number, and generally the dimple plate heat transfer number is more than flat, but meanwhile with the pressure increasing.
(2)In the same inlet temperature, with a lower velocity, the exchanger effects of the dimple plate heat is not so obvious. Along with the increasing of Reynolds number, the wall plate heat transfer coefficient of dimple also has an increasing trend, at the same time the temperature difference between its import and export is smaller and smaller. It is because with the too big velocity, the heat exchangers in the water tanks will too fast, so the time which the heat exchanger can use is too short, then it is not enough to attain the required heat transfer temperature;
(3)Through further comparison between numerical simulation results and experimental results, then prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the numerical simulation validation for this new type of plate heat exchanger, and so came to the conclude that such a dimple to be compared to flat plate heat exchanger is better.
本文以实验手段对自行设计的新型酒窝板换热器的换热及流动特性进行了研究。从酒窝板的制作到实验台的热力系统、水力系统、测量系统、控制系统的设计等方面都做了细致、深入的分析和研究,建立了易于测试、精度较高的板式换热器性能测定实验台,通过实践,并对本实验装置的进一步改进提出了建设性的建议。
实验中,以普通平板和酒窝板为研究对象,首先对介质为水的两种板式换热器内的不同流速情况下的对流换热问题进行理论分析,然后在建立的实验台上,对本文提出的酒窝板式换热器以及现有的实际生产中常用的平板式换热器换热及流动性能进行了实验测试,且对两者进行了数据的误差分析及数据对比,分别得到了不同入口温度下的酒窝板与平板出口温度、壁面换热系数、换热量的对比曲线,从而分析了酒窝板的换热性能,结果表明:
(1)在相同的入口温度条件下,换热量是与雷诺数有密切关系的,酒窝板的换热量在总体上是大于平板的,不过同时压降也增大;
(2)入口温度相同的条件下,雷诺数较低的时候,酒窝板的强化换热效果并不明显;随着雷诺数的增大,酒窝板的壁面换热系数、换热量也是呈增大趋势的,同时它的进出口温差越来越小,这是因为流速过大,会使水箱内换热速度太快,换热可利用的时间过短,不足以达到所需的传热温度;
(3)通过进一步将实验结果与数值模拟结果的对比,验证了数值模拟的方法对于这种新型的板式换热器的有效性及可行性,从而得到此种酒窝板式换热器相较平板式的优点所在。
With the requirement of manufacture and science technology in recent years, the technique of enhancing heat transfer has been developed greatly, and has been widely used in many areas such as oil, chemistry, dynamic and refrigeration, and so on. It can improve heat transfer performance by improving heat exchanger’s structure. It is not only a subject to be figured out in modern industry but also an urgent task in new energy exploration and energy conversation to design new high-efficiency heat exchangers by researching all kinds of heat transfer enhancement.
The paper is based on experimental means of a new type of self-dimple designed plate heat exchanger, and it studies the heat flow characteristics. There is a detailed, in-depth analysis and research for the dimple plate, from the production of the experimental station thermal system, hydraulic system, measurement system, and control system design, and is also establish an easy test, high precision performance of plate heat exchanger Experimental Desk. Through practice, it provides a further improvement to the constructive recommendations with the experimental device.
In this paper, experiment and study is for common plate and dimple plate. At the first, there is a theoretical analysis for the two water medium for plate heat exchanger within the different circumstances velocity convection heat transfer problems, and then on the established experimental stage, the paper do a mobile laboratory tests for the heat transfer performance between the dimple plate heat exchanger and the flat-plate heat exchanger which exists commonly and widely used in the actual production, and then give a data comparison and error data analysis between the two, and then obtained the outlet temperature of dimple plate and the plate under different inlet temperature, the wall surface heat transfer coefficient, the heat transfer quantity correlation curve separately, thus it has analyzed the heat transfer performance of dimple plate, the results showed that:
(1)In the same inlet temperature, the heat transfer is closely related with the Reynolds number, and generally the dimple plate heat transfer number is more than flat, but meanwhile with the pressure increasing.
(2)In the same inlet temperature, with a lower velocity, the exchanger effects of the dimple plate heat is not so obvious. Along with the increasing of Reynolds number, the wall plate heat transfer coefficient of dimple also has an increasing trend, at the same time the temperature difference between its import and export is smaller and smaller. It is because with the too big velocity, the heat exchangers in the water tanks will too fast, so the time which the heat exchanger can use is too short, then it is not enough to attain the required heat transfer temperature;
(3)Through further comparison between numerical simulation results and experimental results, then prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the numerical simulation validation for this new type of plate heat exchanger, and so came to the conclude that such a dimple to be compared to flat plate heat exchanger is better.
引文
[1]杨崇麟.板式换热器工程设计手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1994
[2]史美中,王中铮.热交换器原理与设计[M].东南大学出版社,2002
[3]陶文铨.数值传热学[第二版][M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001
[4]朱曾用.板式换热器的国内外概况[J].动态、进展与展望,制冷.1990,(3): 34-38
[5]安英华.板式换热器在集中供热系统中的应用问题[J].区域供热.1989,(3): 29-31
[6]Kumar H. Condensation duties in Plate Heat Exchangers. [R] Symposium on condenser: theory and Practice. 1989
[7]Man-iott J. Where and how to use plate heat exchangers[J].Chenucal Engineering,1971.127-133
[8]朱自强等.应用计算流体力学[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1998
[9]黄秀琴.板式换热器波纹通道内流动与传热的数学模型及其求解[J].彭城职业大学学报,1999,14(4): 56-58
[10]秦新安,王铁坤.板式换热器的污堵与清洗及其对能耗的影响[J].电子与封装.2006, 41: 41-44
[11]Larry Trom. Heat exchangers; is it time for a change? [J].Chemical Engineering, February, 1996,6: 76-77
[12]K Feldkamp.Warmeaustauscher[J].Chem-Ing-Tech,1994,66(11): 1462-1466
[13]WADEKA R V V. Compact heat exchangers [J].Chemical Engineering Progress, 2000,96(12): 392-401
[14]何世权,姜飞,郑小荣等.紧凑型换热器技术进展及应用[J].石油化工设备,2001,30(5): 48-50
[15]Karl Stephan,Bocis Slipcevic.Heizen and Kuhlen-verfahrenstechnis-che Aspekte[J].Chem-Ink-Tech,1989,6l(9): 694-701
[16]David Butterworth,Moscone C F. Heat Transfer Heads to the 21 st Century[J].Chemical Engineering Progress,1991,21(9): 30
[17]曹纬.国外新型换热器介绍[J].化学工程,2000,28(6): 50-54
[18]K Feldkamp.Warmeaustauscher[J].Chem-Ing-Tech,1988,60( Ⅱ ): 858-862
[19]鱼津博久,小川敬雄.热交换器的进步与期待[J].化学装置[日],1995,37(3): 44-48
[20]张平亮,新型换热器及其技术进展[J].炼油技术与工程,2007,37 (1): 25-29
[21]尤海龙.板式换热器的安全使用[J].中国甜菜糖业,2006,3: 45-48
[22]朱曾用.板式换热器的国内外概况[J].动态,进展与展望,制冷.1990,(3): 34-38
[23]Focke W W et al. The Effect of the corrugation inclination angle on the thermo hydraulic performance of plate heat exchangers. Int. [J].Heat Mass Transfer,1985,28(8): 59-62
[24]王中铮,赵镇南.新板型板式换然器的研究[R].天津:天津市科委,1990
[25]赵镇南.板式换热器人字波纹倾角对阻力及传热性能的影响[J].石油化工设备,2001,30: 1-3
[26]Bond M P,Plate heat exchangers for effective heat transfer [J].The Chemical Engineer,1980,88: 162
[27]徐恒,板式换热器在暖通空调设计中的应用[J].通风除尘,1997,3: 41-46
[28]杨雷,刘锐人.板式换热器在供热系统中的应用[J].低温建筑技术,1999,1: 37-38
[29]胡国庆,张逸群.强化传热的途径及优化设计[J].华东电力.2001,6: 20- 21
[30]邹四平,换热器的强化传热.中国换热器网
[31]张云坤,刘东.蓄能、热回收技术及其在空调工程中的应用[J].节能技术.2003,21(3): 28-30
[32] 王一平 , 郭国春 , 朱丽 , 方振雷 , 田炜 . 板式通风换热器的研究进展 [J]. 节能技术.2006,24(140): 497-500
[33]章熙民,任泽霖,梅飞鸣.传热学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1993: 105-130
[34]过增元.对流换热的物理机制及其控制:速度场与热流场的协同[J].科学通报,2000,45(19): 2118-2122
[35]孟继安,李志信,过增元等.螺旋扭曲椭圆管层流换热与流阻特性模拟分析[J].工程热物理学报,2002,23(增): 117-120
[36]梅娜,新型螺旋折流片式换热器强化传热研究[D].东南大学,2005
[37]郭荣春.板式换热器测试系统的研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2006
[38]Incropera, F. P. and DeWitt, D.P, 1990, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer (3rd ed.), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York
[39]顾维藻,马重芳等.强化换热[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1990
[40]董超俊.板式换热器可视化计算机辅助设计系统的研制[J].热能动力工程,2001,16(91): 66-69
[41]王雨,赵臣.板式换热器的板片结构组合形式及密封结构[J].现代制造工程,2007,1: 115-117
[42]刘晓兵.酒窝板强化换热的数值模拟[D].西安科技大学,2008
[43]陈占秀.纵流式换热器流动与传热特性的研究[D].天津大学机械工程学院,2003
[2]史美中,王中铮.热交换器原理与设计[M].东南大学出版社,2002
[3]陶文铨.数值传热学[第二版][M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001
[4]朱曾用.板式换热器的国内外概况[J].动态、进展与展望,制冷.1990,(3): 34-38
[5]安英华.板式换热器在集中供热系统中的应用问题[J].区域供热.1989,(3): 29-31
[6]Kumar H. Condensation duties in Plate Heat Exchangers. [R] Symposium on condenser: theory and Practice. 1989
[7]Man-iott J. Where and how to use plate heat exchangers[J].Chenucal Engineering,1971.127-133
[8]朱自强等.应用计算流体力学[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1998
[9]黄秀琴.板式换热器波纹通道内流动与传热的数学模型及其求解[J].彭城职业大学学报,1999,14(4): 56-58
[10]秦新安,王铁坤.板式换热器的污堵与清洗及其对能耗的影响[J].电子与封装.2006, 41: 41-44
[11]Larry Trom. Heat exchangers; is it time for a change? [J].Chemical Engineering, February, 1996,6: 76-77
[12]K Feldkamp.Warmeaustauscher[J].Chem-Ing-Tech,1994,66(11): 1462-1466
[13]WADEKA R V V. Compact heat exchangers [J].Chemical Engineering Progress, 2000,96(12): 392-401
[14]何世权,姜飞,郑小荣等.紧凑型换热器技术进展及应用[J].石油化工设备,2001,30(5): 48-50
[15]Karl Stephan,Bocis Slipcevic.Heizen and Kuhlen-verfahrenstechnis-che Aspekte[J].Chem-Ink-Tech,1989,6l(9): 694-701
[16]David Butterworth,Moscone C F. Heat Transfer Heads to the 21 st Century[J].Chemical Engineering Progress,1991,21(9): 30
[17]曹纬.国外新型换热器介绍[J].化学工程,2000,28(6): 50-54
[18]K Feldkamp.Warmeaustauscher[J].Chem-Ing-Tech,1988,60( Ⅱ ): 858-862
[19]鱼津博久,小川敬雄.热交换器的进步与期待[J].化学装置[日],1995,37(3): 44-48
[20]张平亮,新型换热器及其技术进展[J].炼油技术与工程,2007,37 (1): 25-29
[21]尤海龙.板式换热器的安全使用[J].中国甜菜糖业,2006,3: 45-48
[22]朱曾用.板式换热器的国内外概况[J].动态,进展与展望,制冷.1990,(3): 34-38
[23]Focke W W et al. The Effect of the corrugation inclination angle on the thermo hydraulic performance of plate heat exchangers. Int. [J].Heat Mass Transfer,1985,28(8): 59-62
[24]王中铮,赵镇南.新板型板式换然器的研究[R].天津:天津市科委,1990
[25]赵镇南.板式换热器人字波纹倾角对阻力及传热性能的影响[J].石油化工设备,2001,30: 1-3
[26]Bond M P,Plate heat exchangers for effective heat transfer [J].The Chemical Engineer,1980,88: 162
[27]徐恒,板式换热器在暖通空调设计中的应用[J].通风除尘,1997,3: 41-46
[28]杨雷,刘锐人.板式换热器在供热系统中的应用[J].低温建筑技术,1999,1: 37-38
[29]胡国庆,张逸群.强化传热的途径及优化设计[J].华东电力.2001,6: 20- 21
[30]邹四平,换热器的强化传热.中国换热器网
[31]张云坤,刘东.蓄能、热回收技术及其在空调工程中的应用[J].节能技术.2003,21(3): 28-30
[32] 王一平 , 郭国春 , 朱丽 , 方振雷 , 田炜 . 板式通风换热器的研究进展 [J]. 节能技术.2006,24(140): 497-500
[33]章熙民,任泽霖,梅飞鸣.传热学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1993: 105-130
[34]过增元.对流换热的物理机制及其控制:速度场与热流场的协同[J].科学通报,2000,45(19): 2118-2122
[35]孟继安,李志信,过增元等.螺旋扭曲椭圆管层流换热与流阻特性模拟分析[J].工程热物理学报,2002,23(增): 117-120
[36]梅娜,新型螺旋折流片式换热器强化传热研究[D].东南大学,2005
[37]郭荣春.板式换热器测试系统的研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2006
[38]Incropera, F. P. and DeWitt, D.P, 1990, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer (3rd ed.), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York
[39]顾维藻,马重芳等.强化换热[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1990
[40]董超俊.板式换热器可视化计算机辅助设计系统的研制[J].热能动力工程,2001,16(91): 66-69
[41]王雨,赵臣.板式换热器的板片结构组合形式及密封结构[J].现代制造工程,2007,1: 115-117
[42]刘晓兵.酒窝板强化换热的数值模拟[D].西安科技大学,2008
[43]陈占秀.纵流式换热器流动与传热特性的研究[D].天津大学机械工程学院,2003