计算机配色的理论与实践研究
|
摘要
本文研究的目的是节省油墨配色时间、降低配色成本、提高配色效率、加快印前工艺的数据化和规范化进程。计算机配色的重要性是它能降低劳动强度、提高配色精度、加快配色速度，保证原稿色彩的精确复制。应用本文提出的三维查找表和四面体插值法的计算机油墨配色系统可以降低生产成本，提高企业经济效益，对促进印刷科学技术的发展有着重要的理论和实际意义。
本文采用的研究方法有：根据计算机配色的基础理论，依据XYZ色彩空间的设备无关性和同色异谱原理，把三维查找表方法运用到油墨三刺激值配色系统中；然后依据XYZ空间的不均匀性和四面体插值形体不变性原理，设计四面体插值的具体算法。根据色谱所建立的基色库和抽样法设计实验检验配色精度；同时依据色域压缩原理，应用彩度压缩法处理超色域色彩。运用统计原理和综合比较法对实验的数据进行分析。
本文完成的主要工作有：讨论了XYZ和CMYK色彩空间的特性，分析了从三刺激值到油墨网点百分比之间的转换关系；建立了基色库和三维查找表、四面体插值法油墨配色模型；把纽介堡方程引入到超色域色彩判断中，建立了彩度压缩法超色域色彩处理模型；开发了配色应用软件，对三维查找表和四面体插值法的配色精度进行了实验验证，并分析了影响其精度的因素。
本文的主要结论有：三维查找表三刺激值配色法能节省时间，明显提高了配色效率；四面体插值法原理简单、运算量少、精度高；理论分析表明彩度压缩法处理超色域色彩具有很好的可行性；所开发的配色应用软件比传统的配色方法操作方便、配色精度高，便于数据化和规范化管理。
This purpose of this paper is to save the time and reduce the cost of matching color of ink, improve the efficiency of matching color, fasten the data and standardization course of pre-print. The matching color by computer is full of importance which can reduce the work intensity greatly, make matching color easier and faster and more precise, guarantee the exact replicate of manuscript. The ink matching color by computer using three-dimensioned look up table and tetrahedron interpolation can reduce manufacture cost and improve corporation' s economy benefit, which is of academic and practical significance for promoting the development of science and technology in print industry.
The study methods are adopted in this paper. According to the basic theories of the matching color by computer, three-dimensioned look up table is supplied in the ink matching color system of tri-stimulus values by XYZ space which is independent of equipment and by the theory that the colors are same which aren' t of the same spectrum. Then the arithmetic of tetrahedron interpolation is designed by the asymmetry trait of XYZ space and by the theory of invariability of form and structure in tetrahedron interpolation.The two experiments are made to check the precision by the color-base on the base of the chromatogram and the method of samples. At the same time, the color out of the gamut is dealt with by the method of saturation compressed on the basis
of the theory of compression of the gamut. The experiment datas are dealt with by the methods of statistics and compare.
The works finished in the paper are as follows. This paper firstly discusses the character of XYZ and CMY color spaces, and analyzes the
transformation relation between tri~stimulus values and ink percentage. Second, the color-base is built and the ink matching color model is made by three-dimensioned look up table and tetrahedron interpolation. Third, the Neugeaur equation is applied into the judgement of the
color out of the gamut,and the disposal model of the color out of t he gamut is built, in which the method of saturation compressd is use d. Forth, the application software is developed. Fifth, the accuracy of the method of matching color is checkd by experiment. At last, the fact ors which influnce the matching color are analyzed.
There are four conclusions in the paper. It is to save the time and to improve the efficiency in three-dimensioned look up table. It is more precise and easier for tetrahedron interpolation which is of the simple theory. The analysis show that the method of saturation compressed that is supplied in the color out of the gamut is of good feasibility. The software of matching color is easier to operate and is more precise than trational matching color, which helps to the management of data and standard,
本文采用的研究方法有：根据计算机配色的基础理论，依据XYZ色彩空间的设备无关性和同色异谱原理，把三维查找表方法运用到油墨三刺激值配色系统中；然后依据XYZ空间的不均匀性和四面体插值形体不变性原理，设计四面体插值的具体算法。根据色谱所建立的基色库和抽样法设计实验检验配色精度；同时依据色域压缩原理，应用彩度压缩法处理超色域色彩。运用统计原理和综合比较法对实验的数据进行分析。
本文完成的主要工作有：讨论了XYZ和CMYK色彩空间的特性，分析了从三刺激值到油墨网点百分比之间的转换关系；建立了基色库和三维查找表、四面体插值法油墨配色模型；把纽介堡方程引入到超色域色彩判断中，建立了彩度压缩法超色域色彩处理模型；开发了配色应用软件，对三维查找表和四面体插值法的配色精度进行了实验验证，并分析了影响其精度的因素。
本文的主要结论有：三维查找表三刺激值配色法能节省时间，明显提高了配色效率；四面体插值法原理简单、运算量少、精度高；理论分析表明彩度压缩法处理超色域色彩具有很好的可行性；所开发的配色应用软件比传统的配色方法操作方便、配色精度高，便于数据化和规范化管理。
This purpose of this paper is to save the time and reduce the cost of matching color of ink, improve the efficiency of matching color, fasten the data and standardization course of pre-print. The matching color by computer is full of importance which can reduce the work intensity greatly, make matching color easier and faster and more precise, guarantee the exact replicate of manuscript. The ink matching color by computer using three-dimensioned look up table and tetrahedron interpolation can reduce manufacture cost and improve corporation' s economy benefit, which is of academic and practical significance for promoting the development of science and technology in print industry.
The study methods are adopted in this paper. According to the basic theories of the matching color by computer, three-dimensioned look up table is supplied in the ink matching color system of tri-stimulus values by XYZ space which is independent of equipment and by the theory that the colors are same which aren' t of the same spectrum. Then the arithmetic of tetrahedron interpolation is designed by the asymmetry trait of XYZ space and by the theory of invariability of form and structure in tetrahedron interpolation.The two experiments are made to check the precision by the color-base on the base of the chromatogram and the method of samples. At the same time, the color out of the gamut is dealt with by the method of saturation compressed on the basis
of the theory of compression of the gamut. The experiment datas are dealt with by the methods of statistics and compare.
The works finished in the paper are as follows. This paper firstly discusses the character of XYZ and CMY color spaces, and analyzes the
transformation relation between tri~stimulus values and ink percentage. Second, the color-base is built and the ink matching color model is made by three-dimensioned look up table and tetrahedron interpolation. Third, the Neugeaur equation is applied into the judgement of the
color out of the gamut,and the disposal model of the color out of t he gamut is built, in which the method of saturation compressd is use d. Forth, the application software is developed. Fifth, the accuracy of the method of matching color is checkd by experiment. At last, the fact ors which influnce the matching color are analyzed.
There are four conclusions in the paper. It is to save the time and to improve the efficiency in three-dimensioned look up table. It is more precise and easier for tetrahedron interpolation which is of the simple theory. The analysis show that the method of saturation compressed that is supplied in the color out of the gamut is of good feasibility. The software of matching color is easier to operate and is more precise than trational matching color, which helps to the management of data and standard,
引文
[1] 刘昕，郑文军，等．计算机反射光谱法配色的研究．印刷标准化，1997(2)：15-18．
[2] 张红鸣，徐捷．实用着色与配色技术．北京：化学工业出版社，2001：56-60．
[3] 何国兴．光谱视觉匹配方法的探讨．照明工程学报，11(3)，2000：20-24．
[4] 王乐新，王喜昌．色差型权重因子计算机配色方法研究．黑农江八一农垦大学学报，13(2)，2001：91-94．
[5] 白风翔，曾华，等．基于Kubelka-Munk理论的线性规划配色法．涂料工业。1994(4)：21-24．
[6] H.R. Kang. Kubelka-Munk modeling of ink jet ink mixing. Imaging Technology, 17:76-83(1991).
[7] K.H. Parton and R.S. Berns. Color modeling of ink-jet ink on paper using Kubelka-Munk theory. Proc. 7th International Congress on Advance in Nonimpact Printing Technology, IS&.T, pp271-280(1992).
[8] 许小文．印刷色彩配色理论研究与软件开发．西安理工大学硕士学位论文：1991．2．
[9] http://www. finechemic, com/cptj-1, htm.
[10] 金远同．电脑测色配色技术的回顾与进展．染料工业。1999(5)：32-37．
[11] 贾丽嫒．影响色彩复制的主观因素．印刷世界，2000(4)：23-24．
[12] 刘世昌．印刷品质量检测与控制．北京：印刷工业出版社。2000．
[13] K.J. Heuberger, Z.M. Jing, and S. Persiev. Color transformation and look-up tables. Proc. TAGA/ISCC, vol 2, pp. 863-881(1992).
[14] 宣柱香．再识印刷色谱．印刷质量与标准化，2002(2)：16—17．
[15] K. Kanamori, T. Fumoto, and H. Kotera. A color transformation algorithm using prism interpolation. IS&.T 8th International Congress on Advances in Non-Impact Printing Technologies, pp. 477-482(1992).
[16] P. Flanklin. Interpolation methods and apparatus. US Patent 4334240(1982).
[17] Henry R. Kang. Comparisons of three-dimensional interpolation techn
iques bysimulations. Proc. SPIE 2414, pp. 104-114(1995).
[18] D.A. dark, D.C. Strong, and T.Q. White. Method of color conversion with improved interpolation. US Patent 4,477,833(1984)
[19] J.A.S. Viggiano and C.J. Wang. A comparison of algorithms for mapping color between media of different luminance ranges. Proc. TAGA, Vo 1.2(1992).
[20] 郭凌华。对标准色度学系统颜色空间的理解．包装工程，24(2)，2003：13—15。
[21] [美]ROY s. 8ERNS编著．颜色技术原理．北京：化学工业出版社，2002．
[22] 陶洪久．计算机对产品颜色的复现变换。交通与计算机，13(4)，1995：61-64。
[33] Mark Shaw and Mark Fairchild. Evaluating the 1931 CIE Color Matching Functions. Color Research and Application 2002;27:316-329.
[24] L. Xu and R. Hoiub. Color spaces for image representation and image processing. Proc. TAGA, pp. 114-138(1992).
[25] P. Hung.Non-linearity of hue loci in CIE color spaces. Konica Technical Report. vol. 5, pp. 78-83(1992).
[26] 田玉敏，粱若莹。计算机彩色输入输出设备常用颜色空间及其转换．计算机工程，28(9)，2002：198-201。
[27] 董玉珍．数字印刷输入值的确定及实用程序的开发。西安理工大学硕士学位论文，2002。
[28] 陈亚雄，金澜．一种基于分光测色的印刷油墨配色数学模型．北京印刷学院学报，6(2)，1998：21-25。
[29] Pobboravsky and M. Pearson. Computation of dot areas required to match a colorimetrically specified color using the modified Neuge bauer equations. Proc. TAGA, pp. 65-77(1972).
[30] C. Nakamura and K. Sayanagi. Gray component replacement by the Neugebauer equations. Proc. SPIE 1184, pp:50-63(1989).
[31] 黄庆梅，赵达尊．彩色复制中的色域映射．照明工程学报，13(1)，2002：19-26。
[32] 黄庆梅，赵达尊。基于Zernike多项式表示色域边界的色域映射．光学技术，29(2)，2003：168-171．
[33] 谢晶，曾平。一种基于色域几何特征的色域匹配算法．西安电子科技大学学报
(自然科学版)，29(4)，2002：447-451．
[34] 胡更生，徐昌权，等．三原色油墨显色范围的实验研究．云南印刷，1996(4)：23-26．
[35] 张清浦．色谱．北京：测绘出版社，1997．
[36] 美．玛蒂尔达著，陈渝等译．数值方法(MATLAB版)(第三版)．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．
[37] 张航等译．精通MATLAB 6．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．
[38] 俞南雁，韩瑞珠等．线性代数与空间解析几何．北京：科学出版社，1999．
[39] 胡峪，刘静．VC++高级编程技巧与示例．西安：电子科技大学出版社，2001．
[40] E.G. Pariser. An investigation of color gamut reduction techniques. IS&T's Second Symposium on Electronic Prepress Technology and Col or Proofing. pp. 105-107(1991).
[41] M.C. Stone, W.B. Cowan, and J.C. Beatty. Color gamut mapping and the printing of digital color images. ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol.7, pp. 249-292(1988).
[42] Kurt Muenger，朱元泓，等．用标记法压缩色域．武汉大学学报·信息科学版，27(3)：2002．6．
[43] 许丽娜．超色域色彩的处理．丝网印刷，2000(5)：13-15．
[44] 司连法．王文静．色域范围判断方法探讨．印刷杂志，2001(2)：56-57．
[45] 刘昕．胶版印刷工艺原理．北京：印刷工业出版社，1996．
[46] 周世生．高等色彩学．北京：印刷工业出版社，1997．
[47] 康启来．油墨细度与印刷品质量．印刷世界，2002(2)：11．
[48] 康启来．调整印刷墨层厚薄的原则．印刷质量与标准化，2002(2)：18．
[49] 刘克谦．印刷业发展对纸张特性的要求．西南造纸，2000(3)：43-44．
[50] 钱瑞莉、朱试．谈纸张与印刷的关系．湖北造纸，2002(1)：28—31．
[2] 张红鸣，徐捷．实用着色与配色技术．北京：化学工业出版社，2001：56-60．
[3] 何国兴．光谱视觉匹配方法的探讨．照明工程学报，11(3)，2000：20-24．
[4] 王乐新，王喜昌．色差型权重因子计算机配色方法研究．黑农江八一农垦大学学报，13(2)，2001：91-94．
[5] 白风翔，曾华，等．基于Kubelka-Munk理论的线性规划配色法．涂料工业。1994(4)：21-24．
[6] H.R. Kang. Kubelka-Munk modeling of ink jet ink mixing. Imaging Technology, 17:76-83(1991).
[7] K.H. Parton and R.S. Berns. Color modeling of ink-jet ink on paper using Kubelka-Munk theory. Proc. 7th International Congress on Advance in Nonimpact Printing Technology, IS&.T, pp271-280(1992).
[8] 许小文．印刷色彩配色理论研究与软件开发．西安理工大学硕士学位论文：1991．2．
[9] http://www. finechemic, com/cptj-1, htm.
[10] 金远同．电脑测色配色技术的回顾与进展．染料工业。1999(5)：32-37．
[11] 贾丽嫒．影响色彩复制的主观因素．印刷世界，2000(4)：23-24．
[12] 刘世昌．印刷品质量检测与控制．北京：印刷工业出版社。2000．
[13] K.J. Heuberger, Z.M. Jing, and S. Persiev. Color transformation and look-up tables. Proc. TAGA/ISCC, vol 2, pp. 863-881(1992).
[14] 宣柱香．再识印刷色谱．印刷质量与标准化，2002(2)：16—17．
[15] K. Kanamori, T. Fumoto, and H. Kotera. A color transformation algorithm using prism interpolation. IS&.T 8th International Congress on Advances in Non-Impact Printing Technologies, pp. 477-482(1992).
[16] P. Flanklin. Interpolation methods and apparatus. US Patent 4334240(1982).
[17] Henry R. Kang. Comparisons of three-dimensional interpolation techn
iques bysimulations. Proc. SPIE 2414, pp. 104-114(1995).
[18] D.A. dark, D.C. Strong, and T.Q. White. Method of color conversion with improved interpolation. US Patent 4,477,833(1984)
[19] J.A.S. Viggiano and C.J. Wang. A comparison of algorithms for mapping color between media of different luminance ranges. Proc. TAGA, Vo 1.2(1992).
[20] 郭凌华。对标准色度学系统颜色空间的理解．包装工程，24(2)，2003：13—15。
[21] [美]ROY s. 8ERNS编著．颜色技术原理．北京：化学工业出版社，2002．
[22] 陶洪久．计算机对产品颜色的复现变换。交通与计算机，13(4)，1995：61-64。
[33] Mark Shaw and Mark Fairchild. Evaluating the 1931 CIE Color Matching Functions. Color Research and Application 2002;27:316-329.
[24] L. Xu and R. Hoiub. Color spaces for image representation and image processing. Proc. TAGA, pp. 114-138(1992).
[25] P. Hung.Non-linearity of hue loci in CIE color spaces. Konica Technical Report. vol. 5, pp. 78-83(1992).
[26] 田玉敏，粱若莹。计算机彩色输入输出设备常用颜色空间及其转换．计算机工程，28(9)，2002：198-201。
[27] 董玉珍．数字印刷输入值的确定及实用程序的开发。西安理工大学硕士学位论文，2002。
[28] 陈亚雄，金澜．一种基于分光测色的印刷油墨配色数学模型．北京印刷学院学报，6(2)，1998：21-25。
[29] Pobboravsky and M. Pearson. Computation of dot areas required to match a colorimetrically specified color using the modified Neuge bauer equations. Proc. TAGA, pp. 65-77(1972).
[30] C. Nakamura and K. Sayanagi. Gray component replacement by the Neugebauer equations. Proc. SPIE 1184, pp:50-63(1989).
[31] 黄庆梅，赵达尊．彩色复制中的色域映射．照明工程学报，13(1)，2002：19-26。
[32] 黄庆梅，赵达尊。基于Zernike多项式表示色域边界的色域映射．光学技术，29(2)，2003：168-171．
[33] 谢晶，曾平。一种基于色域几何特征的色域匹配算法．西安电子科技大学学报
(自然科学版)，29(4)，2002：447-451．
[34] 胡更生，徐昌权，等．三原色油墨显色范围的实验研究．云南印刷，1996(4)：23-26．
[35] 张清浦．色谱．北京：测绘出版社，1997．
[36] 美．玛蒂尔达著，陈渝等译．数值方法(MATLAB版)(第三版)．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．
[37] 张航等译．精通MATLAB 6．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．
[38] 俞南雁，韩瑞珠等．线性代数与空间解析几何．北京：科学出版社，1999．
[39] 胡峪，刘静．VC++高级编程技巧与示例．西安：电子科技大学出版社，2001．
[40] E.G. Pariser. An investigation of color gamut reduction techniques. IS&T's Second Symposium on Electronic Prepress Technology and Col or Proofing. pp. 105-107(1991).
[41] M.C. Stone, W.B. Cowan, and J.C. Beatty. Color gamut mapping and the printing of digital color images. ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol.7, pp. 249-292(1988).
[42] Kurt Muenger，朱元泓，等．用标记法压缩色域．武汉大学学报·信息科学版，27(3)：2002．6．
[43] 许丽娜．超色域色彩的处理．丝网印刷，2000(5)：13-15．
[44] 司连法．王文静．色域范围判断方法探讨．印刷杂志，2001(2)：56-57．
[45] 刘昕．胶版印刷工艺原理．北京：印刷工业出版社，1996．
[46] 周世生．高等色彩学．北京：印刷工业出版社，1997．
[47] 康启来．油墨细度与印刷品质量．印刷世界，2002(2)：11．
[48] 康启来．调整印刷墨层厚薄的原则．印刷质量与标准化，2002(2)：18．
[49] 刘克谦．印刷业发展对纸张特性的要求．西南造纸，2000(3)：43-44．
[50] 钱瑞莉、朱试．谈纸张与印刷的关系．湖北造纸，2002(1)：28—31．