Ku波段卫星电视微带天线阵的研究
摘要
近些年来,Ku频段直播卫星电视技术得到了快速发展,微带天线以它固有的优点获得了人们广泛的关注。
本文主要针对应用于“中星9号”广播电视直播卫星接收天线的要求,运用时域有限差分法进行数值计算,结合微带贴片单元天线对Ku波段卫星直播微带天线阵的性能进行研究。依照《中华人民共和国国家标准Ku频段卫星电视地球接收站通用规范GB/T16954-1997》的要求,设计出四种新型圆形圆极化微带天线单元,通过比较分析并考虑到工程设计的需要,选择双槽孔圆形圆极化微带天线作为天线阵的单元,设计出40元圆极化微带天线阵。这种阵元的设计使用圆形微带天线单元,并引入两个矩形槽孔,以此展宽频带和提高轴比。天线阵采用了串并混馈的馈电模式,大大减小了馈电网络的规模,降低了网络损耗。通过优化设计方案进一步改善天线阵性能。仿真结果显示,天线工作频段为11.1GHz～12.5GHz,主方向上最大增益值达到26.5dB,波瓣宽度约为10度,第一副瓣增益为5.5dB,轴比A/R≤3dB频率范围为11.75GHz～12.2GHz。在此基础上,分析了影响天线阵性能的主要因素,并提出解决方案。整个过程设计简单合理,易于加工实现,性能指标完全满足设计要求。
With the development of DBS (direct broadcast satellite) TV technology, microstrip antenna has been taken seriously recent years owing to its inherent merits.
This paper based on the requirements of“Chinasat 9”DBS receive antenna, used FDTD (finite-difference time-domain) numerical calculation method, and researched microstrip antenna array of Ku band combined with antenna elements. According to the People's Republic of China national standard Ku band satellite earth station general specification GB/T16954-1997, four novel circular circularly polarized microstrip antenna elements were designed. Through performance comparison and considered the needs of practical engineering, a microstrip antenna array of 40 circular circularly polarized elements with two rectangular slots was presented. This novel patch can afford wide impedance bandwidth and high AR (axial ratio). The key feature of the feed network was the mixed feed mode in order to reduce the size and loss of feed network. Finally the performance of array was improved by further optimizing the design. Above this, factors impacted on antenna array performance were analyzed, and propose the solutions. Simulation results show that the operating frequency range of antenna array is 11.1GHz～12.5GHz, maximum gain is 26.5dB at principle direction, lobe width is about10 degrees, the first sidelobe level is 6.5dB, and AR≤3dB in the frequency range of 11.75GHz～12.2GHz. The whole design is simple, reasonable and easy to manufacture. The performance of designed array reaches the designing requirements absolutely.
本文主要针对应用于“中星9号”广播电视直播卫星接收天线的要求,运用时域有限差分法进行数值计算,结合微带贴片单元天线对Ku波段卫星直播微带天线阵的性能进行研究。依照《中华人民共和国国家标准Ku频段卫星电视地球接收站通用规范GB/T16954-1997》的要求,设计出四种新型圆形圆极化微带天线单元,通过比较分析并考虑到工程设计的需要,选择双槽孔圆形圆极化微带天线作为天线阵的单元,设计出40元圆极化微带天线阵。这种阵元的设计使用圆形微带天线单元,并引入两个矩形槽孔,以此展宽频带和提高轴比。天线阵采用了串并混馈的馈电模式,大大减小了馈电网络的规模,降低了网络损耗。通过优化设计方案进一步改善天线阵性能。仿真结果显示,天线工作频段为11.1GHz～12.5GHz,主方向上最大增益值达到26.5dB,波瓣宽度约为10度,第一副瓣增益为5.5dB,轴比A/R≤3dB频率范围为11.75GHz～12.2GHz。在此基础上,分析了影响天线阵性能的主要因素,并提出解决方案。整个过程设计简单合理,易于加工实现,性能指标完全满足设计要求。
With the development of DBS (direct broadcast satellite) TV technology, microstrip antenna has been taken seriously recent years owing to its inherent merits.
This paper based on the requirements of“Chinasat 9”DBS receive antenna, used FDTD (finite-difference time-domain) numerical calculation method, and researched microstrip antenna array of Ku band combined with antenna elements. According to the People's Republic of China national standard Ku band satellite earth station general specification GB/T16954-1997, four novel circular circularly polarized microstrip antenna elements were designed. Through performance comparison and considered the needs of practical engineering, a microstrip antenna array of 40 circular circularly polarized elements with two rectangular slots was presented. This novel patch can afford wide impedance bandwidth and high AR (axial ratio). The key feature of the feed network was the mixed feed mode in order to reduce the size and loss of feed network. Finally the performance of array was improved by further optimizing the design. Above this, factors impacted on antenna array performance were analyzed, and propose the solutions. Simulation results show that the operating frequency range of antenna array is 11.1GHz～12.5GHz, maximum gain is 26.5dB at principle direction, lobe width is about10 degrees, the first sidelobe level is 6.5dB, and AR≤3dB in the frequency range of 11.75GHz～12.2GHz. The whole design is simple, reasonable and easy to manufacture. The performance of designed array reaches the designing requirements absolutely.
引文
[1]闵士权.中国广播电视卫星直播系统方案探讨和经济分析.北京:中国电影技术学会影视科技论文集, 2003
[2]吴群,高虹. Ku波段DBS平面天线发展综述.北京:电子与信息学报, 1995,17 (02):175-182
[3]李文超,李艳奎,刘洋等.Ku波段DBS微带接收天线阵.南京:现代雷达,2005, 27(12):78-81
[4]邸元春.关于卫星电视微带平面天线阵的研究.北京:电视技术,1995, (12):22-26
[5]柯林.Ku波段微带天线的仿真技术研究:(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨工程大学. 2007:1-75
[6]李书杰.Ku波段微带平面阵天线研究:(硕士学位论文).西安电子科技大学, 2006:1-56
[7]余勇军.应用于卫星广播电视接收的微带平面阵列天线设计:(硕士学位论文).重庆大学,2006:1-87
[8]国家技术监督局编写.中华人民共和国国家标准-ku频段卫星电视地球接收站通用规范(GB/T16954-1997).北京:中国标准出版社.1997
[9] Deschamps G.A.Microstrip Microwave Antennas.Presented at the 3rd USAF Symposium on Antennas,1953:156-167
[10] Munson R E.IEEE Trans.on AP,1974, 1(22):74-78
[11] Howell J Q.Microstrip Antennas.IEEE AP-S Int.Symp.Digest,1972:177-180
[12]张钧等.微带天线理论与工程.北京:国防工业出版社,1988:43-109
[13]钟顺时.微带天线理论与应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1991:1-71
[14] R.W.Jackson and D.M.Pozar,"Full-Wave Analysis of Miscrostrip Open-End and Gap Discontinuities",IEEE Trans.1988,33(10):1036-1042
[15]莫维尼,王崧等译.有限元分析-ANSYS理论与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2008:1-604
[16]葛德彪,闰玉波.电磁波时域有限差分法,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005:l-376
[17]王长清,祝西里.电磁场计算中的时域有限差分法.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1994:1-382
[18]王秉中.计算电磁学.北京:科学出版社,2005:1-380
[19]郭自勤,林德云.用FDTD方法对微带天线的时域电磁仿真.微波学报.1997,13(1):58-64
[20]黎滨洪.表面电磁波和介质波导.上海:上海交通大学出版社,1990:1-312
[21]周希朗.电磁场理论与微波技术基础.南京:东南大学出版社,2004:1-208
[22]尹家贤,谭怀英,刘克诚.FDTD中微带线激励源设置的新方法.电波科学学报.2000,15(2):204-207
[23]崔俊海,钟顺时.一种新型小型化微带天线的全波分析.电子学报.2001,29(6):785-787
[24] Munson,R.E.,Conformal microstrip antennas and microstrip phased arrays,IEEE Transactions antennas&Propagation.Jan.1974, (22):74-78
[25] Pozar,D.M.,Microstrip antenna aperture-coupled to a microstrip-line,Electron.Lett.Jan:1985,(21):49-50
[26] Pozar,D.M.,Increasing the bandwidth pf a microstrip antenna by proximity coupling,Electron. Lett.1987, (23):368-369
[27] C.A.Balanis,Antenna Theory:Analysis and Design.New York:Wiley,1997
[28] C.Y.Huang,K.L.Wong.Coplanar waveguide-fed circularly polarized microstrip antenna,IEEE Trans Antenna propagate,48(2000):328-329
[29] Y.Suzuki,T.Chiba.Improved Theory for a Single Fed Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennna.Trans.IECE of Japan.1985,(68):76-81
[30] P.L.Sulivan and D.H.Sehaubert.Analysis of an aperture coupled mierostrip antenna.IEEE Trans.1986, (34):977-984
[31] K C Guptaed.Microsrip antenna design.Artech House,1988
[32] K-L Wong,Y-F Lin. Circularly polarized microstrip antenna with a turning stub. Electron. Lett.,1998, 34(9):831-832
[33] J-H Lu,C-L Tang.“Circular polarization design of a single-feed equilateral-triangular microstrip antenna,”Electron.Lett.1998. 4(34),319-321
[34]谢处方,饶克谨.电磁场与电磁波.第3版.北京:高等教育出版社,1999:1-268
[35]张光义.相控阵雷达系统.北京:国防工业出版社,2006:1-375
[36]路志勇,苏晓莉.阵列天线排列间距与天线增益的关系探讨.无线电通信技术.2005 31(6):35-36.
[37]孙保华,周良明,肖辉.天线宽带匹配网络的设计与计算方法.西安电子科技大学学报.1999,6(26):793-797
[38] Pozar, D.M.. Increasing the bandwidth of a microstrip antenna by proximity coupling[J].Electron.Lett., 1987,(23):368-369
[39] J. R. James, and P.S. Hall, Eds., Handbook of Microstrip Antennas. London: Peter Peregrinus Ltd.1989:1-326
[40] R. C. Johnson and H. Jasik, Antennas Engineering Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984:1-279
[41] P. C. Sharma and K. C. Gupta,“A Analysis and optimized design of single feed circularly polarized microstrip antennas,”IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.1983. (29):949-955
[42] K. L. Wong and Y. F. Lin,“Circularly polarized microstrip antenna with a tuning stub,”Electron. Lett.,1998,(34):831-832
[43] M.Plessis and J.Cloete,“Tuning stubs for microstrip-patch antennas,”IEEE Trans.Antennas Propagat. Mag.1994.(36):52-55
[44] K.L.Wong, W.H.Hsu,and C.K.Wu,“Single-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna with a slit,”Microwave Optical Technol. Lett.,1998,(18):306-308
[45] W. F. Richards, Y. T. Lo and D. D. Harrison,“An improved theory for microstrip antennas and applications,”IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.,1981, (29):38-46
[46] M. Hamish, T. Nambara and S. Yoshida,“Study on elliptical properties of singly-fed circularly polarized microstrip antennas,”Electron. Lett.,1982, (18)191-193
[47]廖承恩.微波技术基础.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1994:1-351
[48]杨雪霞.微波技术基础.北京:清华大学出版社,2009:1-207
[49]林昌禄.天线工程手册.北京:电子工业出版社,2002:1-558
[50]林昌禄,陈海,吴为公.近代天线设计.北京:人民邮电出版社,1990:1-819
[51]白文静.S波段低副瓣天线的仿真研究:(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨工业大学. 2007:1-42
[52]康行健.天线原理与设计.北京:国防工业出版社,1995:1-391
[2]吴群,高虹. Ku波段DBS平面天线发展综述.北京:电子与信息学报, 1995,17 (02):175-182
[3]李文超,李艳奎,刘洋等.Ku波段DBS微带接收天线阵.南京:现代雷达,2005, 27(12):78-81
[4]邸元春.关于卫星电视微带平面天线阵的研究.北京:电视技术,1995, (12):22-26
[5]柯林.Ku波段微带天线的仿真技术研究:(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨工程大学. 2007:1-75
[6]李书杰.Ku波段微带平面阵天线研究:(硕士学位论文).西安电子科技大学, 2006:1-56
[7]余勇军.应用于卫星广播电视接收的微带平面阵列天线设计:(硕士学位论文).重庆大学,2006:1-87
[8]国家技术监督局编写.中华人民共和国国家标准-ku频段卫星电视地球接收站通用规范(GB/T16954-1997).北京:中国标准出版社.1997
[9] Deschamps G.A.Microstrip Microwave Antennas.Presented at the 3rd USAF Symposium on Antennas,1953:156-167
[10] Munson R E.IEEE Trans.on AP,1974, 1(22):74-78
[11] Howell J Q.Microstrip Antennas.IEEE AP-S Int.Symp.Digest,1972:177-180
[12]张钧等.微带天线理论与工程.北京:国防工业出版社,1988:43-109
[13]钟顺时.微带天线理论与应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1991:1-71
[14] R.W.Jackson and D.M.Pozar,"Full-Wave Analysis of Miscrostrip Open-End and Gap Discontinuities",IEEE Trans.1988,33(10):1036-1042
[15]莫维尼,王崧等译.有限元分析-ANSYS理论与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2008:1-604
[16]葛德彪,闰玉波.电磁波时域有限差分法,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005:l-376
[17]王长清,祝西里.电磁场计算中的时域有限差分法.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1994:1-382
[18]王秉中.计算电磁学.北京:科学出版社,2005:1-380
[19]郭自勤,林德云.用FDTD方法对微带天线的时域电磁仿真.微波学报.1997,13(1):58-64
[20]黎滨洪.表面电磁波和介质波导.上海:上海交通大学出版社,1990:1-312
[21]周希朗.电磁场理论与微波技术基础.南京:东南大学出版社,2004:1-208
[22]尹家贤,谭怀英,刘克诚.FDTD中微带线激励源设置的新方法.电波科学学报.2000,15(2):204-207
[23]崔俊海,钟顺时.一种新型小型化微带天线的全波分析.电子学报.2001,29(6):785-787
[24] Munson,R.E.,Conformal microstrip antennas and microstrip phased arrays,IEEE Transactions antennas&Propagation.Jan.1974, (22):74-78
[25] Pozar,D.M.,Microstrip antenna aperture-coupled to a microstrip-line,Electron.Lett.Jan:1985,(21):49-50
[26] Pozar,D.M.,Increasing the bandwidth pf a microstrip antenna by proximity coupling,Electron. Lett.1987, (23):368-369
[27] C.A.Balanis,Antenna Theory:Analysis and Design.New York:Wiley,1997
[28] C.Y.Huang,K.L.Wong.Coplanar waveguide-fed circularly polarized microstrip antenna,IEEE Trans Antenna propagate,48(2000):328-329
[29] Y.Suzuki,T.Chiba.Improved Theory for a Single Fed Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennna.Trans.IECE of Japan.1985,(68):76-81
[30] P.L.Sulivan and D.H.Sehaubert.Analysis of an aperture coupled mierostrip antenna.IEEE Trans.1986, (34):977-984
[31] K C Guptaed.Microsrip antenna design.Artech House,1988
[32] K-L Wong,Y-F Lin. Circularly polarized microstrip antenna with a turning stub. Electron. Lett.,1998, 34(9):831-832
[33] J-H Lu,C-L Tang.“Circular polarization design of a single-feed equilateral-triangular microstrip antenna,”Electron.Lett.1998. 4(34),319-321
[34]谢处方,饶克谨.电磁场与电磁波.第3版.北京:高等教育出版社,1999:1-268
[35]张光义.相控阵雷达系统.北京:国防工业出版社,2006:1-375
[36]路志勇,苏晓莉.阵列天线排列间距与天线增益的关系探讨.无线电通信技术.2005 31(6):35-36.
[37]孙保华,周良明,肖辉.天线宽带匹配网络的设计与计算方法.西安电子科技大学学报.1999,6(26):793-797
[38] Pozar, D.M.. Increasing the bandwidth of a microstrip antenna by proximity coupling[J].Electron.Lett., 1987,(23):368-369
[39] J. R. James, and P.S. Hall, Eds., Handbook of Microstrip Antennas. London: Peter Peregrinus Ltd.1989:1-326
[40] R. C. Johnson and H. Jasik, Antennas Engineering Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984:1-279
[41] P. C. Sharma and K. C. Gupta,“A Analysis and optimized design of single feed circularly polarized microstrip antennas,”IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.1983. (29):949-955
[42] K. L. Wong and Y. F. Lin,“Circularly polarized microstrip antenna with a tuning stub,”Electron. Lett.,1998,(34):831-832
[43] M.Plessis and J.Cloete,“Tuning stubs for microstrip-patch antennas,”IEEE Trans.Antennas Propagat. Mag.1994.(36):52-55
[44] K.L.Wong, W.H.Hsu,and C.K.Wu,“Single-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna with a slit,”Microwave Optical Technol. Lett.,1998,(18):306-308
[45] W. F. Richards, Y. T. Lo and D. D. Harrison,“An improved theory for microstrip antennas and applications,”IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.,1981, (29):38-46
[46] M. Hamish, T. Nambara and S. Yoshida,“Study on elliptical properties of singly-fed circularly polarized microstrip antennas,”Electron. Lett.,1982, (18)191-193
[47]廖承恩.微波技术基础.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1994:1-351
[48]杨雪霞.微波技术基础.北京:清华大学出版社,2009:1-207
[49]林昌禄.天线工程手册.北京:电子工业出版社,2002:1-558
[50]林昌禄,陈海,吴为公.近代天线设计.北京:人民邮电出版社,1990:1-819
[51]白文静.S波段低副瓣天线的仿真研究:(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨工业大学. 2007:1-42
[52]康行健.天线原理与设计.北京:国防工业出版社,1995:1-391