数控线切割CAD/CAM集成系统的开发与研究
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摘要
数控机床在工业生产中得到广泛应用，相应的数控编程技术也迅猛的发展。国外的数控CAD／CAM软件功能非常强大，但是价格高，在中小企业很难推广应用；而国产的数控CAD／CAM软件也很多，它们各有特色，并不完善，有很多需要研究；所以有必要开发一个面向中小企业具有自主版权的数控编程系统。
本文对数控线切割CAD／CAM集成系统进行开发研究，研究的内容包括以下几个方面：
(1)基于实际需求情况，讨论系统基本结构框架的构成。
(2)讨论系统中的两个关键技术：曲线建模技术和无缝集成流行CAD软件技术，通过两技术分别实现自由曲线生成和与流行CAD软件的接口。分析CAD模块类和系统数据结构，应用所讨论的技术和方法实现数控线切割集成系统的CAD模块功能。
(3)讨论采用图形元素的排序技术实现了加工轨迹确定的功能；分析3B和G数控代码的指令格式，通过对刀位数据的分析采用相关的数学方法生成了数控代码；讨论仿真过程的实现步骤，最终完成了CAM的基本功能。
(4)实例说明系统的基本操作流程，从中看出系统已实现初步开发，并为下步的更深入研究积累经验。
Numerical control machine tool gains comprehensive appliance in industrial manufacture, accordingly numerical control programming technology also gains rapid development. Overseas numerical control CAD/CAM system that function is very strong and system' s price is high, it is difficult that gain appliance and expansion in middle and small enterprise; We have many domestic numerical control CAD/GAM software, each software has the special features and is not perfect, many ways need to study, for the reasons it is necessary to develop the numerical control programming system which face middle and small enterprises and has independent copyright.
This paper develops and researches CAD/CAM integrated system of numerical control linear cutting, discusses the following several contents:
(l)Based on practical requirement discuss structure of system framework.
(2)Discuss two key technology: curve modeling technology and non-spacing integrated popular CAD software technology, respectively realize free-curve and juncture with popular CAD software based on two technology. It analyzes CAD module class and system data structure, realizes CAD module function of numerical control wire cutting integrated system by discussed technology and
method.
(3)it discusses that adopt technology of sorting graphics element to realize function that confirm machining track. It analyzes instruction formats of 3B and G NC code and produces NG code us i ng re I evant mathemat i ca I methods by analyzing tool position. It discusses realization approach of simulating process, finally completes CAM basic function.
(4) Exp lain system bas i c operat i ng flow by example, it makes out that system realizes introduction exploitation, accumulates experience for next deep research
本文对数控线切割CAD／CAM集成系统进行开发研究，研究的内容包括以下几个方面：
(1)基于实际需求情况，讨论系统基本结构框架的构成。
(2)讨论系统中的两个关键技术：曲线建模技术和无缝集成流行CAD软件技术，通过两技术分别实现自由曲线生成和与流行CAD软件的接口。分析CAD模块类和系统数据结构，应用所讨论的技术和方法实现数控线切割集成系统的CAD模块功能。
(3)讨论采用图形元素的排序技术实现了加工轨迹确定的功能；分析3B和G数控代码的指令格式，通过对刀位数据的分析采用相关的数学方法生成了数控代码；讨论仿真过程的实现步骤，最终完成了CAM的基本功能。
(4)实例说明系统的基本操作流程，从中看出系统已实现初步开发，并为下步的更深入研究积累经验。
Numerical control machine tool gains comprehensive appliance in industrial manufacture, accordingly numerical control programming technology also gains rapid development. Overseas numerical control CAD/CAM system that function is very strong and system' s price is high, it is difficult that gain appliance and expansion in middle and small enterprise; We have many domestic numerical control CAD/GAM software, each software has the special features and is not perfect, many ways need to study, for the reasons it is necessary to develop the numerical control programming system which face middle and small enterprises and has independent copyright.
This paper develops and researches CAD/CAM integrated system of numerical control linear cutting, discusses the following several contents:
(l)Based on practical requirement discuss structure of system framework.
(2)Discuss two key technology: curve modeling technology and non-spacing integrated popular CAD software technology, respectively realize free-curve and juncture with popular CAD software based on two technology. It analyzes CAD module class and system data structure, realizes CAD module function of numerical control wire cutting integrated system by discussed technology and
method.
(3)it discusses that adopt technology of sorting graphics element to realize function that confirm machining track. It analyzes instruction formats of 3B and G NC code and produces NG code us i ng re I evant mathemat i ca I methods by analyzing tool position. It discusses realization approach of simulating process, finally completes CAM basic function.
(4) Exp lain system bas i c operat i ng flow by example, it makes out that system realizes introduction exploitation, accumulates experience for next deep research
引文
[1] 廖效果，朱启逑．数字控制机床．华中科技大学出版社，1992．
[2] 王展，王俊彪．基于windows环境下的线切割数控系统的研究与实现．计算机辅助设计与制造，2001(5)：47，49．
[3] T.A.Spedding, Z.Q.Wang. Study on modeling of wire EDM process. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume: 69, Issue: 1-3, September, 1997, pp. 18-28.
[4] A.B. Puri, B. Bhattacharyya. An analysis and optimisation of the geometrical inaccuracy due to wire lag phenomenon in WEDM. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, Volume:43, Issue: 2, January, 2003, pp. 151-159.
[5] 张祖媛，夏凌．数控线切割自动编程系统的开发．四川工业学报，Vol．18，No．2，1999(2)：40～44．
[6] 安受铺，魏周宏．UG软件在我国的应用综述．机械研究与应用，No．6，1996：15～17．
[7] 苟琪，MasterCAM实用教程，北京：机械工业出版社，2001．
[8] 章泳健，邵炜．国产线切割机床用3B指令格式数控程序的自动编程．常熟高专学报，Vol．13，No．4，1999(7)：89～93．
[9] 阎晓玲，王晓光，姜雪梅．CAD／CAM技术在机械制造业中的应用及展望，山西机械．No．3，2001(9)：3～4．
[10] 高峰．CAD／CAM系统的集成和建立．铁道标准设计，2002(6)：68～70．
[11] 罗冬梅，梁桂庆．基于CAD／CAM集成化的线切割自动编程技术．电加工，1995(2)：22～23．
[12] 梁秋憧，陈慧宝，何永义．CAD／CAM系统中的仿真．机械设计与制造．No．5，2000(10)：9～11
[13] David J.Kruglinski著，潘爱民，王国印译．Visual C++技术内幕(第四版)．清华大学出版社．
[14] 孙家广、杨长贵编著．计算机图形学(新版)．清华大学出版社，1994．
[15] 袁政强，白绍良，李正良．基于类模板链表结构的有限元程序设计．重庆大学学报(自然科学版)．Vol．25，No．6，2002：102～105，108．
[16] R. Sahu, M.J. Panthaki and W.H. Gerstle. An Object-Oriented Framework for Multidisciplinary, Multi-Physics,Computational Mechanics. Engineering with Computers, Volume 15, Number 1, April, 1999, pp. 105-126.
[17] Viljem Zumer, Nikolaj Korbar, Marjan Memik. Automatic implementation of programming languages using object oriented approach. Journal of Systems Architecture, Volume: 43, Issue: 1-5, March, 1997, pp. 203-210.
[18] 黄永红，杨东，唐荣锡．Windows环境下CAD用户界面的设计与实现．计算机辅助工程，No．3，1997(3)：6～14．
[19] 杨少波．定制Visual C++应用程序用户界面技术．计算机系统应用，1998(8)：44～46．
[20] Prabir Bhattacharya,Thai Wah Wong. Design of a graphic user interface for a part's inner feature detection. Computers in Industry, Volume: 27, Issue: 3, November, 1995, pp. 251-257.
[21] J. Peng, K.H. Law. A Prototype Software Framework for Internet-Enabled Collaborative Development of a Structural Analysis Program. Engineering with Computers, Volume 18, Number 1/April 29, 2002. pp.38-49.
[22] [美]Harver M.Deitel,Paul James Deitel著，邱仲潘 等译，冯平 审校．C++大学教程(第二版)．电子工业出版社；
[23] 董朝霞，王乘，陈青华等．电网培训仿真器中图形支撑平台的应用探讨．系统仿真学报，Vol．14，No．9，2002(9)：1165～1167．
[24] 孔振宇，于华，李晓冰等．基于Windows的新型线切割自动编程系统，计算机辅助设计与制造，1998(2)：41～44．
[25] 褚卫华，赖友宇．基于现代操作平台的线切割图形编程与加工控制系统．电加工与模具，1999(1)：8～11．
[26] 施法中．计算机辅助几何设计与非均匀有理B样条(CAGD&NURBS)．北京航空航天大学出版社，1994．
[27] 程海来，黄炳生．广义Bernstein—Bezier多项式的若干性质．工科数学，Vol．11，No．2，1995(6)：98～101．
[28] 赵恒，张永华，金建国．基于Bezier曲线的参数化设计方法．科技通报，Vol．16，No．6，2000(11)：455～461．
[29] 殷明．Bezier曲线的矩阵形式及其应用．工科数学，Vol．10，No．4，1994(12)：1～5．
[30] M. Pourazady, X. Xu. Direct manipulations of B-spline and NURBS curves. Advances in Engineering Software, 31 (2000) 107-118.
[31] H.Park. Choosing nodes and knots in closed B-spline curve interpolation to point data. Computer-Aided Design, 33,2001,pp.967-974.
[32] C J Ong, Y S Wong, H T Loh. An optimization approach for biarc curve-fitting of B-spline curves. Computer-Aided Design, Vol.28,No. 12, 1996,pp.951-959.
[33] Fabian W. Meier, Guido M. Schuster, Aggelos K. Katsaggelos. A mathematical model for shape coding with B-splinesq. Signal Processing: Image Communication, 15 (2000), pp. 685-701.
[34] 施法中．权因子、参数变换与有理二次Bezier曲线的参数化．航空学报，Vol．15，No．9，1994(9)：1151～1154．
[35] 潘日晶．NURBS曲线曲面的显式矩阵表示及其算法．计算机学报．Vol．24，No．4，2001(4)：358～366．
[36] M.-Y. Yang and J.-H. Park. A Study on an Open Architecture CNC System with a NURBS Interpolator for WEDM. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Volume 19, Number 9,May 15, 2002, pp.664-668.
[37] Lian Fang. A rational quartic B(?)zier representation for conics. Computer Aided Geometric Design, 19 (2002) 297-312.
[38] Richard D Fuhr, Lwo Hsieh, Michael Kallay. Object-oriented paradigm for NURBS curve and surface design. Computer-Aided Design, Vol.27, No.2, 1995, pp.95-100.
[39] Thomas Hermann. On the derivatives of second and third degree rational B(?)zier curves. Computer Aided Geometric Design, 16(1999) 157-163.
[40] 杨先海，吕传毅．基于AutoCAD图形信息的线切割自动编程和加工仿真．新技术新工艺，1999(5)：7～8．
[41] 蔡伯阳，林金明，谢明红．基于D X F文件的N C代码生成．现代制造工程，2002(2)：20～21．
[42] 穆荣耀，曲宁松，朱荻．线切割自动编程系统的集成化设计与研究．航空制造技术，1996(3)：9～11．
[43] 薛欣伟，曾周末，饶键．电火花线切割加工CAD／CAM系统与自动编程关键技术．电加工与模具，1999(4)：4～8．
[44] 郝泳涛，周峰，卫原平．AutoCAD线切割加工指令的自动编程系统．机械与电
子，1998(1)：7～8．
[45] 罗学科，姚刘聪，徐兴建．基于Windows平台的交互式数控线切割自动编程系统．新技术新工艺，1999(5)：9～10．
[46] 冉伟伟，杨岳．基于ARX的线切割自动编程及加工仿真系统．机械与电子，1999(6)：27～29．
[47] 于广跃．用C语言实现线切割加工的模拟显示．模具工业，1995(7)：44～46．
[48] 周建军．3b线切割代码的计算机图形仿真．电加工与模具，1995(6)：7～10．
[49] 郑淑贤．甘蔗收获机械设计与评价专家系统的研究．广西大学硕士学位论文，2002，5．
[2] 王展，王俊彪．基于windows环境下的线切割数控系统的研究与实现．计算机辅助设计与制造，2001(5)：47，49．
[3] T.A.Spedding, Z.Q.Wang. Study on modeling of wire EDM process. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume: 69, Issue: 1-3, September, 1997, pp. 18-28.
[4] A.B. Puri, B. Bhattacharyya. An analysis and optimisation of the geometrical inaccuracy due to wire lag phenomenon in WEDM. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, Volume:43, Issue: 2, January, 2003, pp. 151-159.
[5] 张祖媛，夏凌．数控线切割自动编程系统的开发．四川工业学报，Vol．18，No．2，1999(2)：40～44．
[6] 安受铺，魏周宏．UG软件在我国的应用综述．机械研究与应用，No．6，1996：15～17．
[7] 苟琪，MasterCAM实用教程，北京：机械工业出版社，2001．
[8] 章泳健，邵炜．国产线切割机床用3B指令格式数控程序的自动编程．常熟高专学报，Vol．13，No．4，1999(7)：89～93．
[9] 阎晓玲，王晓光，姜雪梅．CAD／CAM技术在机械制造业中的应用及展望，山西机械．No．3，2001(9)：3～4．
[10] 高峰．CAD／CAM系统的集成和建立．铁道标准设计，2002(6)：68～70．
[11] 罗冬梅，梁桂庆．基于CAD／CAM集成化的线切割自动编程技术．电加工，1995(2)：22～23．
[12] 梁秋憧，陈慧宝，何永义．CAD／CAM系统中的仿真．机械设计与制造．No．5，2000(10)：9～11
[13] David J.Kruglinski著，潘爱民，王国印译．Visual C++技术内幕(第四版)．清华大学出版社．
[14] 孙家广、杨长贵编著．计算机图形学(新版)．清华大学出版社，1994．
[15] 袁政强，白绍良，李正良．基于类模板链表结构的有限元程序设计．重庆大学学报(自然科学版)．Vol．25，No．6，2002：102～105，108．
[16] R. Sahu, M.J. Panthaki and W.H. Gerstle. An Object-Oriented Framework for Multidisciplinary, Multi-Physics,Computational Mechanics. Engineering with Computers, Volume 15, Number 1, April, 1999, pp. 105-126.
[17] Viljem Zumer, Nikolaj Korbar, Marjan Memik. Automatic implementation of programming languages using object oriented approach. Journal of Systems Architecture, Volume: 43, Issue: 1-5, March, 1997, pp. 203-210.
[18] 黄永红，杨东，唐荣锡．Windows环境下CAD用户界面的设计与实现．计算机辅助工程，No．3，1997(3)：6～14．
[19] 杨少波．定制Visual C++应用程序用户界面技术．计算机系统应用，1998(8)：44～46．
[20] Prabir Bhattacharya,Thai Wah Wong. Design of a graphic user interface for a part's inner feature detection. Computers in Industry, Volume: 27, Issue: 3, November, 1995, pp. 251-257.
[21] J. Peng, K.H. Law. A Prototype Software Framework for Internet-Enabled Collaborative Development of a Structural Analysis Program. Engineering with Computers, Volume 18, Number 1/April 29, 2002. pp.38-49.
[22] [美]Harver M.Deitel,Paul James Deitel著，邱仲潘 等译，冯平 审校．C++大学教程(第二版)．电子工业出版社；
[23] 董朝霞，王乘，陈青华等．电网培训仿真器中图形支撑平台的应用探讨．系统仿真学报，Vol．14，No．9，2002(9)：1165～1167．
[24] 孔振宇，于华，李晓冰等．基于Windows的新型线切割自动编程系统，计算机辅助设计与制造，1998(2)：41～44．
[25] 褚卫华，赖友宇．基于现代操作平台的线切割图形编程与加工控制系统．电加工与模具，1999(1)：8～11．
[26] 施法中．计算机辅助几何设计与非均匀有理B样条(CAGD&NURBS)．北京航空航天大学出版社，1994．
[27] 程海来，黄炳生．广义Bernstein—Bezier多项式的若干性质．工科数学，Vol．11，No．2，1995(6)：98～101．
[28] 赵恒，张永华，金建国．基于Bezier曲线的参数化设计方法．科技通报，Vol．16，No．6，2000(11)：455～461．
[29] 殷明．Bezier曲线的矩阵形式及其应用．工科数学，Vol．10，No．4，1994(12)：1～5．
[30] M. Pourazady, X. Xu. Direct manipulations of B-spline and NURBS curves. Advances in Engineering Software, 31 (2000) 107-118.
[31] H.Park. Choosing nodes and knots in closed B-spline curve interpolation to point data. Computer-Aided Design, 33,2001,pp.967-974.
[32] C J Ong, Y S Wong, H T Loh. An optimization approach for biarc curve-fitting of B-spline curves. Computer-Aided Design, Vol.28,No. 12, 1996,pp.951-959.
[33] Fabian W. Meier, Guido M. Schuster, Aggelos K. Katsaggelos. A mathematical model for shape coding with B-splinesq. Signal Processing: Image Communication, 15 (2000), pp. 685-701.
[34] 施法中．权因子、参数变换与有理二次Bezier曲线的参数化．航空学报，Vol．15，No．9，1994(9)：1151～1154．
[35] 潘日晶．NURBS曲线曲面的显式矩阵表示及其算法．计算机学报．Vol．24，No．4，2001(4)：358～366．
[36] M.-Y. Yang and J.-H. Park. A Study on an Open Architecture CNC System with a NURBS Interpolator for WEDM. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Volume 19, Number 9,May 15, 2002, pp.664-668.
[37] Lian Fang. A rational quartic B(?)zier representation for conics. Computer Aided Geometric Design, 19 (2002) 297-312.
[38] Richard D Fuhr, Lwo Hsieh, Michael Kallay. Object-oriented paradigm for NURBS curve and surface design. Computer-Aided Design, Vol.27, No.2, 1995, pp.95-100.
[39] Thomas Hermann. On the derivatives of second and third degree rational B(?)zier curves. Computer Aided Geometric Design, 16(1999) 157-163.
[40] 杨先海，吕传毅．基于AutoCAD图形信息的线切割自动编程和加工仿真．新技术新工艺，1999(5)：7～8．
[41] 蔡伯阳，林金明，谢明红．基于D X F文件的N C代码生成．现代制造工程，2002(2)：20～21．
[42] 穆荣耀，曲宁松，朱荻．线切割自动编程系统的集成化设计与研究．航空制造技术，1996(3)：9～11．
[43] 薛欣伟，曾周末，饶键．电火花线切割加工CAD／CAM系统与自动编程关键技术．电加工与模具，1999(4)：4～8．
[44] 郝泳涛，周峰，卫原平．AutoCAD线切割加工指令的自动编程系统．机械与电
子，1998(1)：7～8．
[45] 罗学科，姚刘聪，徐兴建．基于Windows平台的交互式数控线切割自动编程系统．新技术新工艺，1999(5)：9～10．
[46] 冉伟伟，杨岳．基于ARX的线切割自动编程及加工仿真系统．机械与电子，1999(6)：27～29．
[47] 于广跃．用C语言实现线切割加工的模拟显示．模具工业，1995(7)：44～46．
[48] 周建军．3b线切割代码的计算机图形仿真．电加工与模具，1995(6)：7～10．
[49] 郑淑贤．甘蔗收获机械设计与评价专家系统的研究．广西大学硕士学位论文，2002，5．