驾驶员脑电特性与山区双车道公路线形相关性研究
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摘要
我国公路交通运输格局以双车道公路为主,尤其在地势崎岖的山地地区双车道公路所占的比重更大。山区双车道公路一直是交通事故发生的重灾区,特别是在一些坡陡、弯急、路窄、视线不良路段重大交通事故发生更频繁。
交通事故是人、车、路和环境动态系统失调的结果。传统的公路线形设计理论是基于汽车行驶动力学建立的,没有考虑人的因素。新的道路设计理论以道路使用者交通需求和生理-心理反应特征作为道路线形设计的理论基础,用动的观点设计路线的各个元素,力求协调。本论文旨在探索驾驶员脑电与公路线形之间的关系。
综合考虑脑电信号的特性和道路线形各个因素对交通运输安全的影响,设计圆曲线半径为500m、550m、600m、650m、700m和上坡坡度为3%,4%,5%,6%,7%不同线形下的10条模拟山区双车道。五位被试驾驶员以设计时速40km/h在这些模拟的山区双车道上行驶,将收集到的脑电信号(β频段绝对功率值)作为生理指标,对山区双车道公路线形(圆曲线半径、上坡坡度值)进行相关性研究。
通过采集被试驾驶员脑电β频段绝对功率变化值,分析其与圆曲线半径、坡度两个线形要素之间关系,探索β频段绝对功率值变化值与圆曲线和坡度的线形关系。以期为今后的脑电信号与道路线形研究寻找研究指标。
根据相关性和回归分析可知,驾驶员在从直线路段进入到圆曲线路段和上坡坡度时,驾驶员的β频段绝对功率值变化值与道路线形存在相关关系,具体表现为：β频段绝对功率值变化值与圆曲线半径呈负相关,与上坡坡度值呈正相关关系。
Two-lane highways are popular in China's road transport system, especially in mountai nous areas with rugged terrain. Mountainous two-lane highways has been the hardest-hit are as of traffic accidents, some sections with steep slopes, sharp turns, narrow roads, and poor v isibility problems frequently lead to grave traffic accidents.
Traffic accident is the result of disharmony of human, vehicle, road and environment. Traditional road line design theory is based on vehicle dynamics, and doesn't considered human factors. New road design theory takes traffic demands and physical-and psychological-reaction characteristics of the road users as the theoretical basis, using the concept of movement to design each element, striving to be coordination. This study aims to explore the relationship between diver's EEG and the highway line-types.
Considering the characteristics of the EEG and road alignment of transportation security, the circular curve radius of500m、550m、600m、650m、700m and the uphill slope of3%,4%,5%,6%,7%were chosen as ten different simulation two-lane of mountain areas. Five test drivers travel on these simulation roads with the speed of40km/h. The EEG (β-band absolute power value) is selected as the physiological indicators for the study of mountain two-lane highway alignment.
Through the regression analysis of the EEG β band changes in value of the absolute power and curve radius and slope, find the linear relationship of the two linear elements, hoping to make a contribution to future research on brain electrical signals and road alignment index research.
The β band absolute power value will change accordingly when the road alignment changes throuh the regression analysis. The β-band absolute power value change value is negatively correlated with circular curve radius, while it is possitive correlated with the uphill slope value.
交通事故是人、车、路和环境动态系统失调的结果。传统的公路线形设计理论是基于汽车行驶动力学建立的,没有考虑人的因素。新的道路设计理论以道路使用者交通需求和生理-心理反应特征作为道路线形设计的理论基础,用动的观点设计路线的各个元素,力求协调。本论文旨在探索驾驶员脑电与公路线形之间的关系。
综合考虑脑电信号的特性和道路线形各个因素对交通运输安全的影响,设计圆曲线半径为500m、550m、600m、650m、700m和上坡坡度为3%,4%,5%,6%,7%不同线形下的10条模拟山区双车道。五位被试驾驶员以设计时速40km/h在这些模拟的山区双车道上行驶,将收集到的脑电信号(β频段绝对功率值)作为生理指标,对山区双车道公路线形(圆曲线半径、上坡坡度值)进行相关性研究。
通过采集被试驾驶员脑电β频段绝对功率变化值,分析其与圆曲线半径、坡度两个线形要素之间关系,探索β频段绝对功率值变化值与圆曲线和坡度的线形关系。以期为今后的脑电信号与道路线形研究寻找研究指标。
根据相关性和回归分析可知,驾驶员在从直线路段进入到圆曲线路段和上坡坡度时,驾驶员的β频段绝对功率值变化值与道路线形存在相关关系,具体表现为：β频段绝对功率值变化值与圆曲线半径呈负相关,与上坡坡度值呈正相关关系。
Two-lane highways are popular in China's road transport system, especially in mountai nous areas with rugged terrain. Mountainous two-lane highways has been the hardest-hit are as of traffic accidents, some sections with steep slopes, sharp turns, narrow roads, and poor v isibility problems frequently lead to grave traffic accidents.
Traffic accident is the result of disharmony of human, vehicle, road and environment. Traditional road line design theory is based on vehicle dynamics, and doesn't considered human factors. New road design theory takes traffic demands and physical-and psychological-reaction characteristics of the road users as the theoretical basis, using the concept of movement to design each element, striving to be coordination. This study aims to explore the relationship between diver's EEG and the highway line-types.
Considering the characteristics of the EEG and road alignment of transportation security, the circular curve radius of500m、550m、600m、650m、700m and the uphill slope of3%,4%,5%,6%,7%were chosen as ten different simulation two-lane of mountain areas. Five test drivers travel on these simulation roads with the speed of40km/h. The EEG (β-band absolute power value) is selected as the physiological indicators for the study of mountain two-lane highway alignment.
Through the regression analysis of the EEG β band changes in value of the absolute power and curve radius and slope, find the linear relationship of the two linear elements, hoping to make a contribution to future research on brain electrical signals and road alignment index research.
The β band absolute power value will change accordingly when the road alignment changes throuh the regression analysis. The β-band absolute power value change value is negatively correlated with circular curve radius, while it is possitive correlated with the uphill slope value.
引文
1. 中华人民共和国交通运输部.2011年公路水路交通运输行业发展统计公报[Z].北京：中华人民共和国交通运输部,2012.
2.刘运通.道路交通安全指南[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004：105-106.
3.任福田等.交通工程导论.中国建筑工业出版社,1987.6
4.[苏]巴布可夫主编.祁振庆译.道路条件与交通组织.中国建筑工业出版社,1983.3
5. A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets.American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials(AASHTO),Washington,D.C.,1990.
6. Lamm,R.,Choueiri,E,M.,Psariannos,B.,and Soilemezoglou,G.,A Practical SafetyApproach to Highway Geometric Design,International Case Studies:Germany,Greece,Lebanon,and the USA,Presented at the International Symposium on HighwayGeometric Design Practices,August 30-September 1,1995,Boston,Massachusetts,U.S.A.
7. Highway Link Design.Departmental Advice Note TA43/84.Department of Transport,London.United Kingdom.1984.
8. J.S.Bald,W.Durth.Riskanalysis in Road Traffic.Final Report for the Federal Ministry of Transportation,Technical University Darmstadt,1987.
9.陈永胜.高速公路安全设计基础理论及关键技术研究.北京工业大学博士学位论文：2001.5
10.尹红亮,王炜,王晓红,周启兆.道路交通事故成因的新思考[J].公路交通科技,2000,17(4)：60-63
11.郭忠印,方守恩等.道路安全工程[M].人民交通出版社,2003：19
12.任福田等.交通工程心理学[M].北京：北京工业大学出版社,1993：244
13.郑柯.基于驾驶员心理生理反应的高速公路线形研究[D].北京：北京工业大学博士学位论文,2003
14. F. J. J. M. Steyvers, D. De Waard. Road-edge delineation in rural areas:effects on drivingbehavior[J]. Ergonomics,2000,43(2):223-238
15. Stuart T.Godley,Thomas J.Triggs,Brian N.Fildes.Perceptual lane width,wide perceptual roadcentre markings and driving speeds[J].Ergonomics,2004,47(3):237-256
16. Ward Nicholas, Shankwitz Craig, Gorgestani Alec, Donath Max, de Waard Dick, Boer Erwin. Anevaluation of a lane support system for bus rapid transit on narrow shoulders and the relation tobus driver mental workload[J]. Ergonomics,2006,49(9):832-859
17. K. S. Rutley, D. G. W. Mace. Heart Rate as a Measure in Road Layout Design[J]. Ergonomics,1972,15(2):166-173
18.茂达编译.林道结构与行驶速度对汽车驾驶员心率、血压和目视行为的影响[J].林业劳动安全,1997
19. Crundall, DavidE, Underwood, Geoffrey. Effects of experience and processing demands on visual information acquisition in drivers[J].Ergonomics,1988,41(4):448-458
20. Peter richter, Thomas wagner, Ralf heger, Gunther weise. Psychophysiological analysis of mentalload during driving on rural roads-a quasi-experimental field study[J].Ergonomics,1998,41(5):593-609
21. DanieIC.Zikovitz, LaurenceR.Harris. Head tilt during driving[J]. Ergonomics,1999,42(5):740-746
22. Furuichi,Tomoki,Iwasaki,Masato, Kadoma,Takeshi.Drivers'behavior in S curve negotiations on an urban motorway[J].Traffic and Transport.Studies Proc.of ICTTS 2002,2002,2:849-856
23. Tal Oron-Gilad,AdiRonen.Road Characteristics and Driver Fatigue:A SimulatorStudy[J].Traffic Injury Prevention,2007,8(3):281-289
24. Myungsoon Chang, Juyoung Kim, Kyungwoo Kang. Evaluation of Driver's pychophysiological Load at Freeway Merging Area[J]. TRB,2001, ID Number:01-0535
25. G.Pastor,P.Tejero,M.Choliz and J.Roca.Rear-view mirror use,driver alertness and road type:An empirical study using EEG measures[J].Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology andBehaviour,2006,9(4):286-297
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27.郑柯.基于驾驶员心理生理反应的高速公路线形研究[D].北京：北京工业大学博士学位论文,2003
28.王书灵.基于驾驶员心生理反应的山区双车道公路极限坡度坡长研究[D].北京：北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2005
29.潘晓东,殷艳红.基于人机工程学山区公路平曲线安全视距研究[J].华东交通大学学报,2007,24(2)：55-57
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31.闫莹.公路长大下坡路段线形指标对驾驶员心理生理影响的研究[D].西安：长安大学硕士学位论文,2006
32.杜志刚,潘晓东.高速公路隧道进出口视觉震荡与行车安全研究中[J].中国公路学报,2007,20(5)：101-105
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34.乌日娜,基于驾驶员心理与生理反应的林区公路纵坡研究[D].呼和浩特：内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2010
35.黄江,高速公路长大下坡路段线形对驾驶员心理生理影响[D].长沙：湖南大学硕士学位论文,2009
36.郝晓红,基于驾驶员生理心理反应的草原公路线形研究[D].呼和浩特：内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2010
37.宋平,山区公路驾驶员心率变化规律研究[D].长春：吉林大学硕士学位论文,2012
38.曹雪亮,苗丹民,刘练红.脑力疲劳评定方法现状[J].,2006,27(4)：382-384
39.颜松,魏建勤,吴永红汽车驾驶员瞌睡状态脑电波特征提取的研究[J]中国生物医学工程学报2005.02.24(1)110-113
40. GORAN KECKLUND,TORBJORN AKERSTEDT sleepiness in long distance truck driving:an ambulatory EEG study of night driving [J].Ergonomics,1993,36:1007-1016
41.彭军强,吴平东,殷罡 疲劳驾驶的脑电特性探索[J] 北京理工大学学报2007,07.27(7)585-589
42.毛科俊,赵晓华,刘小明,荣建基于脑电分析的驾驶疲劳预报研究[J]人类工效学2009.09.15(4)25-29
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44.欧居尚基于脑电波分析技术的安全驾驶实验研究[J]西南交通大学学报2011.08.46 (4)695-700
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51.《道路交通标志标线》((GB 5768-1999))
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2.刘运通.道路交通安全指南[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004：105-106.
3.任福田等.交通工程导论.中国建筑工业出版社,1987.6
4.[苏]巴布可夫主编.祁振庆译.道路条件与交通组织.中国建筑工业出版社,1983.3
5. A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets.American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials(AASHTO),Washington,D.C.,1990.
6. Lamm,R.,Choueiri,E,M.,Psariannos,B.,and Soilemezoglou,G.,A Practical SafetyApproach to Highway Geometric Design,International Case Studies:Germany,Greece,Lebanon,and the USA,Presented at the International Symposium on HighwayGeometric Design Practices,August 30-September 1,1995,Boston,Massachusetts,U.S.A.
7. Highway Link Design.Departmental Advice Note TA43/84.Department of Transport,London.United Kingdom.1984.
8. J.S.Bald,W.Durth.Riskanalysis in Road Traffic.Final Report for the Federal Ministry of Transportation,Technical University Darmstadt,1987.
9.陈永胜.高速公路安全设计基础理论及关键技术研究.北京工业大学博士学位论文：2001.5
10.尹红亮,王炜,王晓红,周启兆.道路交通事故成因的新思考[J].公路交通科技,2000,17(4)：60-63
11.郭忠印,方守恩等.道路安全工程[M].人民交通出版社,2003：19
12.任福田等.交通工程心理学[M].北京：北京工业大学出版社,1993：244
13.郑柯.基于驾驶员心理生理反应的高速公路线形研究[D].北京：北京工业大学博士学位论文,2003
14. F. J. J. M. Steyvers, D. De Waard. Road-edge delineation in rural areas:effects on drivingbehavior[J]. Ergonomics,2000,43(2):223-238
15. Stuart T.Godley,Thomas J.Triggs,Brian N.Fildes.Perceptual lane width,wide perceptual roadcentre markings and driving speeds[J].Ergonomics,2004,47(3):237-256
16. Ward Nicholas, Shankwitz Craig, Gorgestani Alec, Donath Max, de Waard Dick, Boer Erwin. Anevaluation of a lane support system for bus rapid transit on narrow shoulders and the relation tobus driver mental workload[J]. Ergonomics,2006,49(9):832-859
17. K. S. Rutley, D. G. W. Mace. Heart Rate as a Measure in Road Layout Design[J]. Ergonomics,1972,15(2):166-173
18.茂达编译.林道结构与行驶速度对汽车驾驶员心率、血压和目视行为的影响[J].林业劳动安全,1997
19. Crundall, DavidE, Underwood, Geoffrey. Effects of experience and processing demands on visual information acquisition in drivers[J].Ergonomics,1988,41(4):448-458
20. Peter richter, Thomas wagner, Ralf heger, Gunther weise. Psychophysiological analysis of mentalload during driving on rural roads-a quasi-experimental field study[J].Ergonomics,1998,41(5):593-609
21. DanieIC.Zikovitz, LaurenceR.Harris. Head tilt during driving[J]. Ergonomics,1999,42(5):740-746
22. Furuichi,Tomoki,Iwasaki,Masato, Kadoma,Takeshi.Drivers'behavior in S curve negotiations on an urban motorway[J].Traffic and Transport.Studies Proc.of ICTTS 2002,2002,2:849-856
23. Tal Oron-Gilad,AdiRonen.Road Characteristics and Driver Fatigue:A SimulatorStudy[J].Traffic Injury Prevention,2007,8(3):281-289
24. Myungsoon Chang, Juyoung Kim, Kyungwoo Kang. Evaluation of Driver's pychophysiological Load at Freeway Merging Area[J]. TRB,2001, ID Number:01-0535
25. G.Pastor,P.Tejero,M.Choliz and J.Roca.Rear-view mirror use,driver alertness and road type:An empirical study using EEG measures[J].Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology andBehaviour,2006,9(4):286-297
26.张开冉,陈刚.道路边缘线对驾驶行为影响的研究[J].人类工效学,2001,7(3)：15-17
27.郑柯.基于驾驶员心理生理反应的高速公路线形研究[D].北京：北京工业大学博士学位论文,2003
28.王书灵.基于驾驶员心生理反应的山区双车道公路极限坡度坡长研究[D].北京：北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2005
29.潘晓东,殷艳红.基于人机工程学山区公路平曲线安全视距研究[J].华东交通大学学报,2007,24(2)：55-57
30.乔建刚.基于驾驶员因素的山区双车道公路关键参数研究[D].北京：北京工业大学博士学位论文,2006
31.闫莹.公路长大下坡路段线形指标对驾驶员心理生理影响的研究[D].西安：长安大学硕士学位论文,2006
32.杜志刚,潘晓东.高速公路隧道进出口视觉震荡与行车安全研究中[J].中国公路学报,2007,20(5)：101-105
33.唐登科,驾驶员驾车生理、心理反应与道路线形关系的研究[D].南京：东南大学硕士学位论文,2006
34.乌日娜,基于驾驶员心理与生理反应的林区公路纵坡研究[D].呼和浩特：内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2010
35.黄江,高速公路长大下坡路段线形对驾驶员心理生理影响[D].长沙：湖南大学硕士学位论文,2009
36.郝晓红,基于驾驶员生理心理反应的草原公路线形研究[D].呼和浩特：内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2010
37.宋平,山区公路驾驶员心率变化规律研究[D].长春：吉林大学硕士学位论文,2012
38.曹雪亮,苗丹民,刘练红.脑力疲劳评定方法现状[J].,2006,27(4)：382-384
39.颜松,魏建勤,吴永红汽车驾驶员瞌睡状态脑电波特征提取的研究[J]中国生物医学工程学报2005.02.24(1)110-113
40. GORAN KECKLUND,TORBJORN AKERSTEDT sleepiness in long distance truck driving:an ambulatory EEG study of night driving [J].Ergonomics,1993,36:1007-1016
41.彭军强,吴平东,殷罡 疲劳驾驶的脑电特性探索[J] 北京理工大学学报2007,07.27(7)585-589
42.毛科俊,赵晓华,刘小明,荣建基于脑电分析的驾驶疲劳预报研究[J]人类工效学2009.09.15(4)25-29
43.殷艳红,基于脑电波与眨眼的驾驶员疲劳模拟实验研究[D].上海：同济大学硕士论文,2008
44.欧居尚基于脑电波分析技术的安全驾驶实验研究[J]西南交通大学学报2011.08.46 (4)695-700
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