用于光波分复用系统的摩尔光纤光栅的理论研究
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摘要
随着现代社会信息量的剧增，光通信技术取得的迅猛发展，人们开始致力于充分开发光纤的带宽优势，光波分复用(WDM)技术应运而生。光波分复用系统的建设需要大量性能优良的光有源器件和光无源器件，以保证多个波长的光信号同时在一根光纤上传输时相互独立，光信号的交换、复用和分用等功能以光的方式处理。摩尔光纤光栅是一种新型光无源器件。由于其表现出的特殊性能，它能用于光波分复用系统，实现全光操作，应用前景巨大。本文运用分析光纤光栅特性的一般方法，从理论上研究摩尔光纤光栅的参数对其特性的影响，获得了一些有益的结论，以便指导设计符合光波分复用技术要求的产品。全文概括如下：
1)从常用的制作方法出发，简单介绍了光纤光敏性和成栅光源，重点分析掩模板的衍射场，从而获得理想情况下光纤光栅的折射率分布函数，参考已投论文[4]。
2)详细推导用于分析光纤光栅特性的耦合模方程，重点对两种解耦合模方程的方法进行比较：龙格-库塔法和传输矩阵法。从比较结果可知传输矩阵法能快捷地获得摩尔光纤光栅的特性，参考已发论文[1-2]。
3)从摩尔光纤光栅的理论模型出发，分别讨论啁啾摩尔光纤光栅和由两中心波长不同的均匀光栅构成的摩尔光纤光栅的各参数对其特性的影响，对比这两种摩尔光纤光栅的特性，发现啁啾摩尔光纤光栅更适合光波分复用系统的要求，参考待发论文[3]。
With the abrupt increase of the information and the rapid development of optical communication technique,it' s necessary to make full use of the broad-bandwidth advantage of the fibers. Then,optical Wavelength-division- multiplexing (WDM) has been brought out. In the OWDM systems,there are a lot of active components and passive components with excellent characteristics,which make multiple optical signals transmit simultaneously without interaction in the same fiber and perform its function by the light,such as optical signal interchange multiplexing/demultiplexing etc . Moire fiber grating (MFC) is a new kind of passive components. Because of its especial features,it can be used in OWDM systems,operated in all light,and is considered promising. In the paper,the general method analyzing the characteristics of fiber grating has been used to research the effect of the MFC parameters on its character,some good results gotten.It' s very useful for them to design practical product to suit the needs of OWDM systems
. The main parts are as follows:
1) At the base of the fabrication methods,the photosensitivity of optical fiber and the UV laser sources are introduced simply,the diffraction characteristics of phase mask are analyzed to get the distribution of refractive index in fiber grating,referent the paper[4] (delivered).
2) The coupled-mode equation analyzing the characteristics of fiber grating is deduced step by step. Two methods-the transfer matrix metod and the Runge-Kuttar method are compared,which are often used to solve the coupled-mode equation. The analysis in this paper demonstrates the power of the transfer matrix method,which can get the features of aperiode fiber grating fastly,referent the papers[1-2](published).
3) In terms of the theoretical mode of MFC,the effect of MFC parameters on its features-chirped Moire fiber grating and Moire fiber grating formed by two uniform fiber grating with different central wavelengths,is discussed individually. By comparison between the two kinds of MFC,chirped Moire fiber grating is better for OWDM,referent the paper[3] (to be published).
1)从常用的制作方法出发，简单介绍了光纤光敏性和成栅光源，重点分析掩模板的衍射场，从而获得理想情况下光纤光栅的折射率分布函数，参考已投论文[4]。
2)详细推导用于分析光纤光栅特性的耦合模方程，重点对两种解耦合模方程的方法进行比较：龙格-库塔法和传输矩阵法。从比较结果可知传输矩阵法能快捷地获得摩尔光纤光栅的特性，参考已发论文[1-2]。
3)从摩尔光纤光栅的理论模型出发，分别讨论啁啾摩尔光纤光栅和由两中心波长不同的均匀光栅构成的摩尔光纤光栅的各参数对其特性的影响，对比这两种摩尔光纤光栅的特性，发现啁啾摩尔光纤光栅更适合光波分复用系统的要求，参考待发论文[3]。
With the abrupt increase of the information and the rapid development of optical communication technique,it' s necessary to make full use of the broad-bandwidth advantage of the fibers. Then,optical Wavelength-division- multiplexing (WDM) has been brought out. In the OWDM systems,there are a lot of active components and passive components with excellent characteristics,which make multiple optical signals transmit simultaneously without interaction in the same fiber and perform its function by the light,such as optical signal interchange multiplexing/demultiplexing etc . Moire fiber grating (MFC) is a new kind of passive components. Because of its especial features,it can be used in OWDM systems,operated in all light,and is considered promising. In the paper,the general method analyzing the characteristics of fiber grating has been used to research the effect of the MFC parameters on its character,some good results gotten.It' s very useful for them to design practical product to suit the needs of OWDM systems
. The main parts are as follows:
1) At the base of the fabrication methods,the photosensitivity of optical fiber and the UV laser sources are introduced simply,the diffraction characteristics of phase mask are analyzed to get the distribution of refractive index in fiber grating,referent the paper[4] (delivered).
2) The coupled-mode equation analyzing the characteristics of fiber grating is deduced step by step. Two methods-the transfer matrix metod and the Runge-Kuttar method are compared,which are often used to solve the coupled-mode equation. The analysis in this paper demonstrates the power of the transfer matrix method,which can get the features of aperiode fiber grating fastly,referent the papers[1-2](published).
3) In terms of the theoretical mode of MFC,the effect of MFC parameters on its features-chirped Moire fiber grating and Moire fiber grating formed by two uniform fiber grating with different central wavelengths,is discussed individually. By comparison between the two kinds of MFC,chirped Moire fiber grating is better for OWDM,referent the paper[3] (to be published).
引文
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[22].P.J.Lermaire,R.M.Atkins,V. Mizahi,et al. High pressure H_2 loading as a technique for achiving ultrahigh photosensitivity and thermal sensitivity in GeO-doped optical fibers. Electron. Lett, 1993,29(13): 1191-1192.
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[2]．古渊，任剑，史双瑾，等．全光通信中的光分插复用器．光通信技术，2000，24(4)：250-255．
[3]．秦子雄，曾庆科，冯德军等．光网络中光纤光栅构成的波长分插复用器理论及进展，物理学进展，2000，20(2)：182-197．
[4] 蔡燕民，陈高庭，方祖捷．波分复用系统中的交错复用器(Interleaver)技术，激光与光电子学进展，2002，39(1)：1-6．
[5] 董孝义，袁树忠，开桂云，等．全光纤光子集成器件及系统．物理学进展，2001，21(3)：303-316．
[6]．传输光子技术与元器件的发展趋势，激光与光电子进展，2001，421(1)：25-29．
[7]．刘颂豪．21世纪的光电子产业．光电子技术与信息，2000，12(5)：1-11．
[8] K.O.Hill,G.Meltz. Fiber Bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview. J.Lightwave. Technol. 1997,15(8):1263-1276.
[9].I.Bennion,J.A.R.Williams,L.Zhang,et al. UV-written in-fiber Bragg gratings. Opt.Quantum. Electron. 1996,28(1):93-135.
[10]C.R.Giles. Lightwave applications of fiber Bragg gratings. J.Lightwave. Technol. 1997,15(8):1391-1404.
[11].P.N.Kean,J.W.D.Gray, L.Bennion and N.J.Doran. Dispersion-modified actively modelocked erbium fiber laser using a chirped fiber grating. Electron. Lett, 1994,30(25):2133-2134.
[12].G.A.BalI,W. W. Morey. Continuously tunable single-mode erbium fiber laser. Opt. Lett. 1992,17(3):420-422.
[13].Se.Yoon. Kim,Sang. Bae.Lee,Seo. Won. Kwon,et al. Channel-switching active add/drop multiplexer with tunable grating. Electron.Lett. 1998,34(1): 104-105.
[14]A.Molony, C.Edge,and I. Bennion. Fiber grating time delay element for phased array antennas. Electron. Lett. 1995,31(17): 1485-1486.
[15]Daoping Wei,Tangjun Li,Yucheng Zhao,and Shuisheng Jian. Multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber ring lasers with overlap-written fiber Bragg gratings. Opt. Lett,2000,25(16): 1150-1152.
[16]L.A.Everall,K.Sugden,J.A.R.Williams,et al. Fabrication of in-line Moire filters using a 5-cm nondedicated chirped phase mask. Opt. Soc.Amer. 1997,17(1):228-230.
[17]K.Sugden,L.Zhang,J.A.R.Williams,et al Fabrication and characterization of band-pass filters based on concatenated chirped fiber grating. J.Lightwave. Technol. 1997,15(17):1424-1432.
[18].D.P.Hand,P.S.J.Russel. Photoinduced refractive index changes in germanosilicate fibers. Opt. Lett, 1990,15(2):102-104
[19].L.Dong,J.L.Archambault,L.Reekie,P. St.J.Russel,and N.Payne. Photoinduced absorption change in germanosilicate preforms:evidence for the color-center model of photosensitivity. Appl.Opt, 1995,34(18):3436-3440.
[20]．孙英志，余重秀，林金桐．基于色心模型掺杂硼锗光纤材料紫外光诱导光敏特性的实验分析，通信学报，2000，21(7)：45-49．
[21].A.I.Gusarov, D.B.Doyle. Contribution of photoinduced densification to refractive-index modulation in Bragg gratings written in Ge-doped silica fibers. Opt. Lett,2000,25(12):872-874.
[22].P.J.Lermaire,R.M.Atkins,V. Mizahi,et al. High pressure H_2 loading as a technique for achiving ultrahigh photosensitivity and thermal sensitivity in GeO-doped optical fibers. Electron. Lett, 1993,29(13): 1191-1192.
[23].F. Bilodeau,B.Malo,J.Albert,et al. Photosensitization of optical fiber and silica-on-silicon/silica waveguides. 1993,18(12):953-955.
[24]K.P. Chen,P.R.Herman. Enhancement and tuing of fiber Bragg grating reflection by 157nm F_2-laser post exposure. Electron. Lett,2001,37(13):822-823.
[25]E.Salik,D.S..Starodubov, and I. Feinberg. Increase of photosensitivity in Ge-doped fibers under strain. Opt. Lett,2000,25(16): 1147-1459
[26]陶振宁，吴德明．紫外写入法制造光纤光栅对光源时空相干性的要求，光电子．激光，2000，11(3)：270-273．
[27]J.Albert. S.Theriault. F. Bilodeau,et al. m inimization of phase errors in long fiber Bragg grating phase masks made using electron beam lithography. IEEE.Photo. Technol. Lett. 1996,8(10): 1334-1336.
[28]K.C.Byron,H.N.Rourke. Fabrication of chirped fiber grating by novel stretch and write technique. Electron. Lett. 1995,31 (1):60-61.
[29]M.A.Putnam,G.M.Williams,and E.J.Friebele. Fbrication of tapered,strain-gradent chirped fiber Bragg gratings. Electron. Lett. 1995,31 (4):309-310.
[30]S.J,Mihailov, F. Bilodeau,K.O.Hill,et al. Comparison of fiber Bragg grating dispersion-compensators made with holographic and E-beam written phase mask. IEEE.Photo.Technol.Lett. 1999,11 (5):572-574.30
[31]贾宏志，李育林，忽满利．相位掩模的近场衍射特性分析，光子学报，2000，29(12)：1100-1102．
[32]方晓惠，杨淑雯，李世忱，等．用于步进啁啾光纤光栅的掩模板原理和设计，2001，30(9)：1115-1118． ·
[33]D．马库塞著，刘弘度译．介质光波导理论，北京：人民邮电出版社，1982．
[34].T. Erdogan. Fiber grating spectra. J.Lightwave.Technol. 1997,15(8):1277-1294.
[35]张克潜，李德杰．微波与光电子学中的电磁理论，北京：电子工业出版社，2001．
[36]赵玉成，李唐军，简水生，等．啁啾光栅色散及时延特性研究，光学学报，1997，17(9)：1270-1273．
[37]贾宏志，李育林．线性啁啾光纤光栅的耦合模理论分析．光子学报，2000，29(2)：147-150．
[38]金晓峰，张仲先．非均匀光纤光栅响应特性的研究．光子学报，1999，19(6)：721-727．
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