软刺裸裂尻鱼（Schizopygopsis malacanthus）三个亚种的分子系统发育研究
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摘要
软刺裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis malacanthus)隶属于裸裂尻鱼属，裂腹鱼亚科，属喜冷性鱼类，多生活在水流清澈的峡谷河流的上段或高山溪流中，以藻类或水生昆虫为食物，生长速度缓慢。软刺裸裂尻鱼有软刺裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis malacanthus malacanthus)，大渡裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis malacanthus chengi)和宝兴裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis malacanthus baoxingensis)三个亚种。软刺裸裂尻鱼分布在金沙江水系和雅砻江水系，大渡裸裂尻鱼分布在大渡河的中上游，宝兴裸裂尻鱼分布在青衣江水系的宝兴河。
2003—2005年，分别从金沙江和雅砻江采集软刺裸裂尻鱼，从大渡河采集大渡裸裂尻鱼，从宝兴河东河的宝兴裸裂尻鱼，提取了总DNA，分别扩增了线粒体DNA控制区序列和细胞色素b基因。依据控制区序列和细胞色素b基因，并通过与裸裂尻鱼属其他种类的比较，对软刺裸裂尻鱼三个亚种的系统发育关系进行了分析。结果表明，宝兴裸裂尻鱼和大渡裸裂尻鱼间的遗传距离很近，而其与软刺裸裂尻鱼的遗传距离较远，甚至接近或大于软刺裸裂尻鱼与裸裂尻鱼属中其他一些种类间的遗传距离。依据线粒体DNA控制区序列和Cyt b基因构建的系统进化树显示，这三个亚种没有聚成一个单系群，其中，软刺裸裂尻鱼聚在一枝，而大渡裸裂尻鱼和宝兴裸裂尻鱼聚在了另一枝。因此，依据分子系统发育分析，大渡裸裂尻鱼和宝兴裸裂尻鱼不适合作为软刺裸裂尻鱼的亚种，可以将大渡裸裂尻鱼从软刺裸裂尻鱼中划分出来作为一个独立的种，并将宝兴裸裂尻鱼作为该种的亚种。
Schizopygopsis malacanthus belongs to the genus Schizopygopsis, subfamily Schizothoracinae. There are three subspecies of this species, S. malacanthus malacanthus Herzenstein, 1891, S. m. chengi (Fang), 1936, and S. m. baoxingensis Fu, Ding et Ye, 1994. They are distributed in cool and cold water in high mountain rivers, streams and lakes in upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and feed on insects and algae. These three subspecies have many common and overlapping morphological characters. However, they still have some obvious differences in morphology. A phylogenetic analysis of these three subspecies is necessary to test whether classification based on morphological characters is corroborated. It can also help determine the origin of S. m. baoxingensis, which has a very limited distribution range.
In 2003-2005, Schizopygopsis malacanthus malacanthus were collected from the Litang River, a tributary of the Yalong River, in Litang County, and from the upper reaches of the Shuiluo River, a tributary of the Jinsha River, in Litang and Daocheng Counties; S. m. chengi were collected from Rangtang region of the Dadu River; S. m. baoxingensis were collected from the East River, a tributary of the Baoxing River located in upper reaches of the Qingyi River. Phylogenetic relationships of the three subspecies were investigated based on the mitochondrial DNA control region and the cytochrome b gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the three subspecies did not cluster as one monophyletic group; S. m. malacanthus clustered into one clade, while S. m. chengi and S. m. baoxingensis clustered into another. Genetic distances between S. m. malacanthus and the other two subspecies were either very close to or larger than those between S. m. malacanthus and some other species of Schizopygopsis. There was very small genetic distance between S. m. chengi and S. m. baoxingensis. The results suggest S. m. chengi should be split from S. malacanthus into a separate species, Schizopygopsis chengi (Fang); S. m. baoxingensis should be regarded as a subspecies, S. c. baoxingensis (Fu, Ding et Ye), of Schizopygopsis chengi.
2003—2005年，分别从金沙江和雅砻江采集软刺裸裂尻鱼，从大渡河采集大渡裸裂尻鱼，从宝兴河东河的宝兴裸裂尻鱼，提取了总DNA，分别扩增了线粒体DNA控制区序列和细胞色素b基因。依据控制区序列和细胞色素b基因，并通过与裸裂尻鱼属其他种类的比较，对软刺裸裂尻鱼三个亚种的系统发育关系进行了分析。结果表明，宝兴裸裂尻鱼和大渡裸裂尻鱼间的遗传距离很近，而其与软刺裸裂尻鱼的遗传距离较远，甚至接近或大于软刺裸裂尻鱼与裸裂尻鱼属中其他一些种类间的遗传距离。依据线粒体DNA控制区序列和Cyt b基因构建的系统进化树显示，这三个亚种没有聚成一个单系群，其中，软刺裸裂尻鱼聚在一枝，而大渡裸裂尻鱼和宝兴裸裂尻鱼聚在了另一枝。因此，依据分子系统发育分析，大渡裸裂尻鱼和宝兴裸裂尻鱼不适合作为软刺裸裂尻鱼的亚种，可以将大渡裸裂尻鱼从软刺裸裂尻鱼中划分出来作为一个独立的种，并将宝兴裸裂尻鱼作为该种的亚种。
Schizopygopsis malacanthus belongs to the genus Schizopygopsis, subfamily Schizothoracinae. There are three subspecies of this species, S. malacanthus malacanthus Herzenstein, 1891, S. m. chengi (Fang), 1936, and S. m. baoxingensis Fu, Ding et Ye, 1994. They are distributed in cool and cold water in high mountain rivers, streams and lakes in upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and feed on insects and algae. These three subspecies have many common and overlapping morphological characters. However, they still have some obvious differences in morphology. A phylogenetic analysis of these three subspecies is necessary to test whether classification based on morphological characters is corroborated. It can also help determine the origin of S. m. baoxingensis, which has a very limited distribution range.
In 2003-2005, Schizopygopsis malacanthus malacanthus were collected from the Litang River, a tributary of the Yalong River, in Litang County, and from the upper reaches of the Shuiluo River, a tributary of the Jinsha River, in Litang and Daocheng Counties; S. m. chengi were collected from Rangtang region of the Dadu River; S. m. baoxingensis were collected from the East River, a tributary of the Baoxing River located in upper reaches of the Qingyi River. Phylogenetic relationships of the three subspecies were investigated based on the mitochondrial DNA control region and the cytochrome b gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the three subspecies did not cluster as one monophyletic group; S. m. malacanthus clustered into one clade, while S. m. chengi and S. m. baoxingensis clustered into another. Genetic distances between S. m. malacanthus and the other two subspecies were either very close to or larger than those between S. m. malacanthus and some other species of Schizopygopsis. There was very small genetic distance between S. m. chengi and S. m. baoxingensis. The results suggest S. m. chengi should be split from S. malacanthus into a separate species, Schizopygopsis chengi (Fang); S. m. baoxingensis should be regarded as a subspecies, S. c. baoxingensis (Fu, Ding et Ye), of Schizopygopsis chengi.
引文
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