平面缝隙天线的研究与设计
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摘要
平面型天线以其低剖面结构和低副瓣辐射特性,已逐渐成为天线研究中的一个热点,在微波频段,缝隙天线由于便于制造,便于馈电而备受关注。
本文对缝隙辐射的原理、缝隙天线的结构作了探讨,分析了缝隙天线设计中各结构参数对其性能的影响,并在此基础上提出一种平面型缝隙天线的设计方案,它具有以下的特点:(1) 采用分层结构,以不同的介电系数和微带线结构形成对电磁波的有效引导;(2) 利用微带线构成馈电网络可以方便地与辐射缝隙进行匹配;(3) 增大缝隙的宽度,并利用馈电微带线的枝节形成双谐振,以增加天线的带宽。对所设计的天线结构进行了大量的模拟验证,取得了满意的数值结果,并实际制作了实验天线,给出了天线辐射方向图,电压驻波比,输入阻抗等主要参数。
实验结果表明,该结构天线具有良好的输入特性及辐射特性,可方便地用于组阵,构成强定向、低副瓣的波束,以满足一定的波束覆盖要求,能充分利用信号的发送功率,减小电磁干扰;同时,它又保持了平面天线低剖面、体积小、结构简洁的特点。
对天线的参数稍作调整可适用于不同频段的通信系统,尤其是微波通信系统,更能体现其结构优势。
With its favorable characteristics of low side-lobe radiation and compact structure, the planar array antenna has already become a focus of antenna research. At microwave frequency band, the slot antenna has attracted much attention, because it is convenient to feed and easy to produce.In this thesis, the radiation principle and the structure of slot antenna are studied and the impacts on its performance of every structure parameter in a slot antenna design are analyzed. On this foundation, a design plan of planar slot array antennas is proposed. The design has some structural feature as follows: (1) with different dielectric layers and microstrip line structure to guide the electromagnetic wave effectively;(2) the feeding network formed of microstrip line can match with the radiating slots expediently;(3) in order to increase the bandwidth of the antenna, the wider slot and branched feeding microstrip line are adopted to form a double resonance. A large number of simulative experiments have been made to verify the design, and satisfactory numerical results have been obtained. Some experimental antennas have been made actually and the main parameters have been provided, such as radiation pattern, VSWR and input impedance ,etc.The experimental results indicate that this type of antenna with planar structure is thin, small and simple, the antenna has nice input characteristic and radiation characteristic and can be used to compose slot array antennas conveniently to form a narrow beam with low side-lobe and can utilize the signal power fully and reduce the electromagnetic pollution effectively.If its structure parameter can be adjusted slightly, the antenna can be used in other communication systems with different frequency bands, especially in the microwave communication system, which can reflect its structural advantage even more.
本文对缝隙辐射的原理、缝隙天线的结构作了探讨,分析了缝隙天线设计中各结构参数对其性能的影响,并在此基础上提出一种平面型缝隙天线的设计方案,它具有以下的特点:(1) 采用分层结构,以不同的介电系数和微带线结构形成对电磁波的有效引导;(2) 利用微带线构成馈电网络可以方便地与辐射缝隙进行匹配;(3) 增大缝隙的宽度,并利用馈电微带线的枝节形成双谐振,以增加天线的带宽。对所设计的天线结构进行了大量的模拟验证,取得了满意的数值结果,并实际制作了实验天线,给出了天线辐射方向图,电压驻波比,输入阻抗等主要参数。
实验结果表明,该结构天线具有良好的输入特性及辐射特性,可方便地用于组阵,构成强定向、低副瓣的波束,以满足一定的波束覆盖要求,能充分利用信号的发送功率,减小电磁干扰;同时,它又保持了平面天线低剖面、体积小、结构简洁的特点。
对天线的参数稍作调整可适用于不同频段的通信系统,尤其是微波通信系统,更能体现其结构优势。
With its favorable characteristics of low side-lobe radiation and compact structure, the planar array antenna has already become a focus of antenna research. At microwave frequency band, the slot antenna has attracted much attention, because it is convenient to feed and easy to produce.In this thesis, the radiation principle and the structure of slot antenna are studied and the impacts on its performance of every structure parameter in a slot antenna design are analyzed. On this foundation, a design plan of planar slot array antennas is proposed. The design has some structural feature as follows: (1) with different dielectric layers and microstrip line structure to guide the electromagnetic wave effectively;(2) the feeding network formed of microstrip line can match with the radiating slots expediently;(3) in order to increase the bandwidth of the antenna, the wider slot and branched feeding microstrip line are adopted to form a double resonance. A large number of simulative experiments have been made to verify the design, and satisfactory numerical results have been obtained. Some experimental antennas have been made actually and the main parameters have been provided, such as radiation pattern, VSWR and input impedance ,etc.The experimental results indicate that this type of antenna with planar structure is thin, small and simple, the antenna has nice input characteristic and radiation characteristic and can be used to compose slot array antennas conveniently to form a narrow beam with low side-lobe and can utilize the signal power fully and reduce the electromagnetic pollution effectively.If its structure parameter can be adjusted slightly, the antenna can be used in other communication systems with different frequency bands, especially in the microwave communication system, which can reflect its structural advantage even more.
引文
[1] 林昌禄.天线工程手册.北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[2] 周朝栋等.线天线理论与工程.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1988.
[3] 吴群,高虹.Ku波段DBS平面天线发展综述.电子科学学刊.1995.3,Vol.17,No.2
[4] 胡家元,朱崇灿.线极化径向线缝隙天线的设计.武汉大学学报.1998,Vol.44,No.5,pp.648～650
[5] 胡家元等.圆极化径向缝隙天线的研究.电波科学学报.2000.3,Vol.15,No.1。
[6] 刘乃安等.无线局域网(WLAN)—原理、技术与应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2004
[6] 樊明延,冯正和,张雪霞.新型宽带双枝倒F平面集成天线.微波学报.2002.3,Vol.18,No.1
[7] H. Y. Yee. Impedance of a Narrow Longitudinal Shunt Slot in a Slotted Waveguide Array. IEEE. Trans. Antennas propag. 1974, Vol.Ap-22. 589～592
[8] T. Vu. Kuac and C. T. Carson, "Coupling by slots in rectangular waveguides with arbitrary wall thickness". Eleetron Lett, 8, pp. 296-297, 1972
[9] T. Vu. Kuac and C. T. Caston, "Impedance properties of a longitudinal slot antenna in the broad face of a rectangular waveguide", IEEE Trans. 1973, AP-21, 708-710.
[10] R. W. Lyon, A. Sangster. Efficient moment method analysis of radiating slots in a thick-walled rectangular waveguide[J]. IEEE. Proc., 1981, 128(4): 197-205
[11] R. S. Elliott. Antenna Theory and Design. U. S. Prentice-Hall inc. 1981, 408～410
[12] R. S. Elliott, L.A.Kurtz. the design of small slot arrays. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 1978, Vol.AP-26, 214～219
[13] 李知新,任朗.矩形波导窄边缝隙分析方法述评.电波科学学报.1999.6,Vol.14.No.2,pp.235-241.
[14] B. N. Das, J. Ramakrishna, and B. K. Sarap, "Resonant conductance of inclined slots in the narrow wall of a rectangular waveguides, " IEEE Trans. AP-32, 1984.7, pp. 759-761
[15] Powen Hsu, et al., "Admittance and resonant length of inclined slot in the narrow wall of a rectangular waveguide", IEEE Trans. Antennas Progpagat. 1989.1, AP-37, 45-49
[16] John D. Kraus, Ronald J. Marhefka著,章文勋译. Antennas for all applications.天线(美).北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[17] 许福永,赵克玉.电磁场与电磁波.北京:科学出版社,2005
[18] 刘克成,宋学诚.天线原理.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1985
[19] 康行健.天线原理与应用.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1993
[20] 任朗.天线理论基础.北京:人民邮电出版社,1979
[21] 李斌颖.天线原理与应用.兰州:兰州大学出版社,1993
[22] 张德齐.微波天线.北京:国防工业出版社,1987
[23] C.A.巴拉尼斯.天线理论.分析与设计(上,下).北京:电子工业出版社,1988
[24] B.D.波波维奇.导线天线的分析与综合.杨渊译.北京:人民邮电出版社.1987
[25] R. S. Elliott. An improved Design Procedure for Small Array of Shunt Slots. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propage. 1983, Vol. AP-31, 48～54
[26] 爱金堡等著,汪茂光等译.超高频天线(上,下).北京:人民邮电出版社,1980
[27] D. C. Senior. Higher order mode coupling effects in a shunt-series coupling junction of a planar slot array antenna. Ph.D.Dissertation
[28] Jon. J. Gulic, Robert S. Elliot. The design of linear and planar arrays of waveguid-feed longitudinal slots[J]. Electromagnetics 1990. 10(2): 327-347
[29] 钟顺时.微带天线理论与应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1991
[30] 谢处方,邱文杰.天线原理与设计.西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社,1985
[31] I.J.鲍尔,P.布哈蒂亚.微带天线.北京:电子工业出版社,1984
[32] 张均,刘克诚等.微带天线理论与工程.国防工业出版社,1988
[33] 甘本祓.微波传输线设计手册.人民邮电出版社,1981
[34] Nakaoka, K., K. Itoh, T. Matsumoto. Microstrip Line Array Antenna and its Application. ibid., pp. 61～64
[35] Pozar D M, et al. Comments on impedance of a radiating slot in the ground plane of a microstripline. IEEE Trans Antennas Popagat. 1986, AP-34: 958～959
[36] T. T. Taylor. Design of Line-Source Antenna for Narrow Beamwidth and Low Sidelobes, IRE Trans. 1955. 1. Vol. Ap-3, No. 1, pp. 16-28
[37] Takakashi M, Takada J, Ando M. et al. Aperture illumination control in radial line slot antennas. IEICE Trans Commun. 1993. E76(7): 777～783
[38] 龙云亮等.新型微带馈电线缝隙天线阵的设计.中山大学学报(自然科学版),2002.5,Vol-41,No.3
[39] 胡树豪.实用射频技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[2] 周朝栋等.线天线理论与工程.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1988.
[3] 吴群,高虹.Ku波段DBS平面天线发展综述.电子科学学刊.1995.3,Vol.17,No.2
[4] 胡家元,朱崇灿.线极化径向线缝隙天线的设计.武汉大学学报.1998,Vol.44,No.5,pp.648～650
[5] 胡家元等.圆极化径向缝隙天线的研究.电波科学学报.2000.3,Vol.15,No.1。
[6] 刘乃安等.无线局域网(WLAN)—原理、技术与应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2004
[6] 樊明延,冯正和,张雪霞.新型宽带双枝倒F平面集成天线.微波学报.2002.3,Vol.18,No.1
[7] H. Y. Yee. Impedance of a Narrow Longitudinal Shunt Slot in a Slotted Waveguide Array. IEEE. Trans. Antennas propag. 1974, Vol.Ap-22. 589～592
[8] T. Vu. Kuac and C. T. Carson, "Coupling by slots in rectangular waveguides with arbitrary wall thickness". Eleetron Lett, 8, pp. 296-297, 1972
[9] T. Vu. Kuac and C. T. Caston, "Impedance properties of a longitudinal slot antenna in the broad face of a rectangular waveguide", IEEE Trans. 1973, AP-21, 708-710.
[10] R. W. Lyon, A. Sangster. Efficient moment method analysis of radiating slots in a thick-walled rectangular waveguide[J]. IEEE. Proc., 1981, 128(4): 197-205
[11] R. S. Elliott. Antenna Theory and Design. U. S. Prentice-Hall inc. 1981, 408～410
[12] R. S. Elliott, L.A.Kurtz. the design of small slot arrays. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 1978, Vol.AP-26, 214～219
[13] 李知新,任朗.矩形波导窄边缝隙分析方法述评.电波科学学报.1999.6,Vol.14.No.2,pp.235-241.
[14] B. N. Das, J. Ramakrishna, and B. K. Sarap, "Resonant conductance of inclined slots in the narrow wall of a rectangular waveguides, " IEEE Trans. AP-32, 1984.7, pp. 759-761
[15] Powen Hsu, et al., "Admittance and resonant length of inclined slot in the narrow wall of a rectangular waveguide", IEEE Trans. Antennas Progpagat. 1989.1, AP-37, 45-49
[16] John D. Kraus, Ronald J. Marhefka著,章文勋译. Antennas for all applications.天线(美).北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[17] 许福永,赵克玉.电磁场与电磁波.北京:科学出版社,2005
[18] 刘克成,宋学诚.天线原理.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1985
[19] 康行健.天线原理与应用.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1993
[20] 任朗.天线理论基础.北京:人民邮电出版社,1979
[21] 李斌颖.天线原理与应用.兰州:兰州大学出版社,1993
[22] 张德齐.微波天线.北京:国防工业出版社,1987
[23] C.A.巴拉尼斯.天线理论.分析与设计(上,下).北京:电子工业出版社,1988
[24] B.D.波波维奇.导线天线的分析与综合.杨渊译.北京:人民邮电出版社.1987
[25] R. S. Elliott. An improved Design Procedure for Small Array of Shunt Slots. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propage. 1983, Vol. AP-31, 48～54
[26] 爱金堡等著,汪茂光等译.超高频天线(上,下).北京:人民邮电出版社,1980
[27] D. C. Senior. Higher order mode coupling effects in a shunt-series coupling junction of a planar slot array antenna. Ph.D.Dissertation
[28] Jon. J. Gulic, Robert S. Elliot. The design of linear and planar arrays of waveguid-feed longitudinal slots[J]. Electromagnetics 1990. 10(2): 327-347
[29] 钟顺时.微带天线理论与应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1991
[30] 谢处方,邱文杰.天线原理与设计.西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社,1985
[31] I.J.鲍尔,P.布哈蒂亚.微带天线.北京:电子工业出版社,1984
[32] 张均,刘克诚等.微带天线理论与工程.国防工业出版社,1988
[33] 甘本祓.微波传输线设计手册.人民邮电出版社,1981
[34] Nakaoka, K., K. Itoh, T. Matsumoto. Microstrip Line Array Antenna and its Application. ibid., pp. 61～64
[35] Pozar D M, et al. Comments on impedance of a radiating slot in the ground plane of a microstripline. IEEE Trans Antennas Popagat. 1986, AP-34: 958～959
[36] T. T. Taylor. Design of Line-Source Antenna for Narrow Beamwidth and Low Sidelobes, IRE Trans. 1955. 1. Vol. Ap-3, No. 1, pp. 16-28
[37] Takakashi M, Takada J, Ando M. et al. Aperture illumination control in radial line slot antennas. IEICE Trans Commun. 1993. E76(7): 777～783
[38] 龙云亮等.新型微带馈电线缝隙天线阵的设计.中山大学学报(自然科学版),2002.5,Vol-41,No.3
[39] 胡树豪.实用射频技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2004