多通道凹面光栅紫外可见分光光度计的设计和研究
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摘要
传统的紫外可见分光光度计采用光电倍增管作为光电接收器件，并配以波长扫描机构实现波长扫描，该类仪器结构复杂、体积大、光谱扫描时间长，一般完成整个紫外－可见光谱范围（200－800nm）的扫描大概要60s左右，不能做多波长的同时检测及野外检测，只适合在实验室条件下使用。
本文提出了一种新型的紫外可见分光光度计的设计方法，并按照此方法设计成功了一种多通道凹面光栅紫外可见分光光度计。与传统的紫外可见分光光度计相比，新型的紫外可见分光光度计具有以下独特的优点：
① 采用多通道检测器为光电接收元件，采用平场凹面全息光栅为色散元件，
同时采用触摸屏作为输入输出设备，在200－800nm的紫外可见光谱范围内
实现了快速扫描。
② 所有元器件完全固定，没有活动部件，因此波长重复性误差为“零”。
③ 工作速度快，采集一幅全波段光谱图最快只需要10ms。
④ 体积小，整个仪器的体积只有190×170×100mm3。
⑤ 能够完成多波长同时测量。
⑥ 适合于在线和野外作业。
在本设计中完成了以下工作：
① 采用多通道检测器件和平场凹面全息光栅设计了一个小型的色散系统（不是通常所说的单色器，在此由于没有出射狭缝，因此应称为多色器），系统内部只有多通道检测器件和平场凹面全息光栅两个器件，体积只有100×100×50mm3。
② 采用集成度极高的C8051F020单片机为核心器件设计了一种新型的、集成度高的多通道检测器件的驱动与采集系统，该驱动系统的驱动脉冲的产生、信号的放大和AD转换、数据的存储均由单片机内部的器件完成，数字结果可以通过单片机的串口传送给计算机或主微控制器。采用此种方法设计的多通道检测器件的驱动系统具有集成度高、调试方便等优点。
③ 采用触摸屏控制芯片ADS7843实现对触摸屏的控制，设计了触摸屏的驱动电路。
④ 采用C++ Builder6.0设计完成了光谱处理软件。该软件可以实现同下位机的通讯，同时能够实现光谱图的显示和打印、计算等功能。
本项设计和研制工作得到国家“十五”科学仪器攻关项目支持，大部分研发工作是在北京普析通用仪器有限公司完成的，产业化样机已由普析通用公司制成，并已通过国家科技部验收。
本设计中有以下的几个创新点：
① 设计了一个完全集成的便携式紫外可见分光光度计。在国内尚属首创，国外虽有类似的仪器，但一般不集成光源。
② 采用平场凹面全息光栅和多通道检测器设计了一个小型的色散系统。该色散系统中没有活动部件，波长重现性误差为“零” ，体积只有100×100×50mm3。
③ 在国内首次实现了紫外可见区域的全波段光谱的快速测量。一般获得一幅光谱图的最快时间为10ms。
④ 采用了最新型的高度集成单片机C8051F020作为核心设计了多通道检测器件的驱动电路与采集电路。该电路具有集成度高和调试方便等优点。
在光谱仪器中首次采用触摸屏作为输入与输出设备。
In the traditional UV spectrophotometers PMTs are used as the receiver, and a wavelength scanning structure is used to realize wavelength scanning. This kind of spectrophotometer features complex structure, large volume and long scanning time, they can’t realize multi-wavelengths measurement simultaneously, can’t be used for field works and can only be used in the laboratory.
In this paper, a method on how to design a multi channel and concave grating UV spectrophotometer is introduced. According to this method, a new kind of UV Spectrophotometer is developed successfully.
Compared with the traditional spectrophotometers, this new one has the following characteristics:
1. A multi-channel detector is used as the receiver, a flat field holographic concave grating as the dispersing element and a touch screen as the output and input device. It can realize rapid scanning, in the spectral range from 200nm to 800nm.
2. All of the components in the spectrophotometer are fixed, there are not any moving parts, therefore the wavelength repeated error is “zero”.
3. Rapid scanning takes only 10ms to get a spectrum.
4. Its volume is only 190×170×100mm3, much smaller than the traditional one.
It can realize multi wavelengths measurement simultaneously.
It can be used for on-line and field works.
As the development, the following works are finished:
1. Design of a small dispersing system in which there are only two components: a multi channel detector and a flat field holographic concave grating. Its volume is only 100×100×50mm3.
2. Design of a new kind of driving and sampling system for multi channel detector, in this new driving system, highly integrated single chip processor C8051F020 is used as the microprocessor generating the pulse to drive the multi channel detector, the output signal from the multi channel detector is amplified by the amplifier in the microprocessor, then is converted to digital value by the AD converter inside the microprocessor, the AD results are stored in the on chip RAM. The AD results can be transmitted to computer or main microprocessor by the series port. This new driving circuit features less electronic components, high integration and simple tuning.
3. Design of the driving circuit for touch screen, the circuit uses touch screen control chip ADS7843 to control the touch screen.
4. Design of spectral processing software based on C++ builder 6.0. It has the functions such as communicating with the lower micro processor, display, print and calculate the spectrum.
The design and development of the new spectrophotometer is supported by the
national item of “The tenth five years plan” for scientific instruments, the most of researching and developing works are finished in the Beijing Purkinje General Instruments Ltd. Some fabricated prototypes are finished by the company and passed by the acceptance organized by the National Ministry of Science and Technique.
In this paper, the following innovative ideas are presented:
1. Design of a fully integrated portable spectrophotometer, this new one includes all parts needed in it, it is the first one in China, some similar foreign company’s products don’t integrate lamp.
Design of a dispersing system based on a multi channel detector and a flat field holographic concave grating. There are not any moving parts in it, therefore the wavelength repeated error is “zero”, its volume is only 100×100×50mm3.
Realizing the rapid scanning in the UV range at first in China, the fastest speed is 10ms for getting a spectrum.
Design of a driving and sampling circuit for multi channel detector using a high intergrated C8051F020 as the processor, this circuit features high integration and easy tuning.
For the first time, touch screen is used as the input and output device in the spectrophotometer.
本文提出了一种新型的紫外可见分光光度计的设计方法，并按照此方法设计成功了一种多通道凹面光栅紫外可见分光光度计。与传统的紫外可见分光光度计相比，新型的紫外可见分光光度计具有以下独特的优点：
① 采用多通道检测器为光电接收元件，采用平场凹面全息光栅为色散元件，
同时采用触摸屏作为输入输出设备，在200－800nm的紫外可见光谱范围内
实现了快速扫描。
② 所有元器件完全固定，没有活动部件，因此波长重复性误差为“零”。
③ 工作速度快，采集一幅全波段光谱图最快只需要10ms。
④ 体积小，整个仪器的体积只有190×170×100mm3。
⑤ 能够完成多波长同时测量。
⑥ 适合于在线和野外作业。
在本设计中完成了以下工作：
① 采用多通道检测器件和平场凹面全息光栅设计了一个小型的色散系统（不是通常所说的单色器，在此由于没有出射狭缝，因此应称为多色器），系统内部只有多通道检测器件和平场凹面全息光栅两个器件，体积只有100×100×50mm3。
② 采用集成度极高的C8051F020单片机为核心器件设计了一种新型的、集成度高的多通道检测器件的驱动与采集系统，该驱动系统的驱动脉冲的产生、信号的放大和AD转换、数据的存储均由单片机内部的器件完成，数字结果可以通过单片机的串口传送给计算机或主微控制器。采用此种方法设计的多通道检测器件的驱动系统具有集成度高、调试方便等优点。
③ 采用触摸屏控制芯片ADS7843实现对触摸屏的控制，设计了触摸屏的驱动电路。
④ 采用C++ Builder6.0设计完成了光谱处理软件。该软件可以实现同下位机的通讯，同时能够实现光谱图的显示和打印、计算等功能。
本项设计和研制工作得到国家“十五”科学仪器攻关项目支持，大部分研发工作是在北京普析通用仪器有限公司完成的，产业化样机已由普析通用公司制成，并已通过国家科技部验收。
本设计中有以下的几个创新点：
① 设计了一个完全集成的便携式紫外可见分光光度计。在国内尚属首创，国外虽有类似的仪器，但一般不集成光源。
② 采用平场凹面全息光栅和多通道检测器设计了一个小型的色散系统。该色散系统中没有活动部件，波长重现性误差为“零” ，体积只有100×100×50mm3。
③ 在国内首次实现了紫外可见区域的全波段光谱的快速测量。一般获得一幅光谱图的最快时间为10ms。
④ 采用了最新型的高度集成单片机C8051F020作为核心设计了多通道检测器件的驱动电路与采集电路。该电路具有集成度高和调试方便等优点。
在光谱仪器中首次采用触摸屏作为输入与输出设备。
In the traditional UV spectrophotometers PMTs are used as the receiver, and a wavelength scanning structure is used to realize wavelength scanning. This kind of spectrophotometer features complex structure, large volume and long scanning time, they can’t realize multi-wavelengths measurement simultaneously, can’t be used for field works and can only be used in the laboratory.
In this paper, a method on how to design a multi channel and concave grating UV spectrophotometer is introduced. According to this method, a new kind of UV Spectrophotometer is developed successfully.
Compared with the traditional spectrophotometers, this new one has the following characteristics:
1. A multi-channel detector is used as the receiver, a flat field holographic concave grating as the dispersing element and a touch screen as the output and input device. It can realize rapid scanning, in the spectral range from 200nm to 800nm.
2. All of the components in the spectrophotometer are fixed, there are not any moving parts, therefore the wavelength repeated error is “zero”.
3. Rapid scanning takes only 10ms to get a spectrum.
4. Its volume is only 190×170×100mm3, much smaller than the traditional one.
It can realize multi wavelengths measurement simultaneously.
It can be used for on-line and field works.
As the development, the following works are finished:
1. Design of a small dispersing system in which there are only two components: a multi channel detector and a flat field holographic concave grating. Its volume is only 100×100×50mm3.
2. Design of a new kind of driving and sampling system for multi channel detector, in this new driving system, highly integrated single chip processor C8051F020 is used as the microprocessor generating the pulse to drive the multi channel detector, the output signal from the multi channel detector is amplified by the amplifier in the microprocessor, then is converted to digital value by the AD converter inside the microprocessor, the AD results are stored in the on chip RAM. The AD results can be transmitted to computer or main microprocessor by the series port. This new driving circuit features less electronic components, high integration and simple tuning.
3. Design of the driving circuit for touch screen, the circuit uses touch screen control chip ADS7843 to control the touch screen.
4. Design of spectral processing software based on C++ builder 6.0. It has the functions such as communicating with the lower micro processor, display, print and calculate the spectrum.
The design and development of the new spectrophotometer is supported by the
national item of “The tenth five years plan” for scientific instruments, the most of researching and developing works are finished in the Beijing Purkinje General Instruments Ltd. Some fabricated prototypes are finished by the company and passed by the acceptance organized by the National Ministry of Science and Technique.
In this paper, the following innovative ideas are presented:
1. Design of a fully integrated portable spectrophotometer, this new one includes all parts needed in it, it is the first one in China, some similar foreign company’s products don’t integrate lamp.
Design of a dispersing system based on a multi channel detector and a flat field holographic concave grating. There are not any moving parts in it, therefore the wavelength repeated error is “zero”, its volume is only 100×100×50mm3.
Realizing the rapid scanning in the UV range at first in China, the fastest speed is 10ms for getting a spectrum.
Design of a driving and sampling circuit for multi channel detector using a high intergrated C8051F020 as the processor, this circuit features high integration and easy tuning.
For the first time, touch screen is used as the input and output device in the spectrophotometer.
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