基于DICOM3.0的PACS医生工作站及相关技术的研究和设计
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摘要
PACS即“图像存储与通信系统”，是医院用于管理医疗设备如CT，MR等产生的医学图像的信息系统。PACS产生于70年代，随后的发展由于各种条件的限制较为缓慢，但在ACR-NEMA提出了标准协议以后得到了迅速发展，特别是在DICOM3.0出来以后更是成了国际上研究的热点，较为成熟的产品也已有多家厂商推出。PACS作为一个大型的与多种不同系统互连的复杂系统，不仅要有高质量的设备，更主要的要有一个切合实际的解决方案。这是目前PACS研究中的重点和难点。
DICOM即“数字医学传输协议”，是由ACR-NEMA提出的主要用于医学系统之间互连的通讯协议。该协议是建立在TCP／IP基础上的，并详细定义了病人及相关图像信息的存贮、传输、访问的格式和要求。目前，DICOM在PACS中已经得到了广泛应用。
本文探讨了DICOM3.0在PACS医生工作站中的应用及其相关技术。医生工作站主要用于显示诊断图像，要显示图像就必须先要了解文件的存贮格式，因此文章的第二章详细描述了DICOM文件的存贮格式及要用到的各种字段信息，并简要介绍了DICOM协议的内容及特点。第三章介绍了与PACS系统相关的文字、图像信息的流动情况，从而提出了“分级存贮”的整体架构。第四章采集图像的各种接口及实现方法，并较为详细地讲解了医生工作站的设计和实现。第五章介绍了DICOM信息的获取、窗宽、窗位的调节、面积、长度、角度的测量技术。第六章是展望，提出了几点改进方向。
Picture access and communication system (PACS) is an information system used to manager pictures which are talced by medical equipment such as CT,MR in hospital. PACS is generated in 70's. It is not developed fast until the DICOM is brought forward by ACR-NEMA in 80's. As a big complicated system,PACS is to join many different systems. So it is important and difficult to find an actual scheme.
DICOM means digital image communication in medicine. It is a standard communication protocol based on TCP/IP in medicine. It defines abstract patient object and other relative information in detail. It is an international hotspot of study and application especially used in PACS now.
The author discusses PACS doctor workstation and relative technology in this article. The doctor workstation is used to show picture,so we should understand the file format,which is described in the second chapter. In that chapter,the author also describes the DICOM 3.0's specialty. The third chapter describes the whole frame
with the "access by different level" technology. The fourth chapter describes every
interface and realization method,and introduces the doctor workstation's design and realization. The fifth chapter describes some kind of technology which are accessing the DICOM information,adjusting the window width and window center,measuring the area,length and angle. The sixth chapter brings forward some improved direction.
DICOM即“数字医学传输协议”，是由ACR-NEMA提出的主要用于医学系统之间互连的通讯协议。该协议是建立在TCP／IP基础上的，并详细定义了病人及相关图像信息的存贮、传输、访问的格式和要求。目前，DICOM在PACS中已经得到了广泛应用。
本文探讨了DICOM3.0在PACS医生工作站中的应用及其相关技术。医生工作站主要用于显示诊断图像，要显示图像就必须先要了解文件的存贮格式，因此文章的第二章详细描述了DICOM文件的存贮格式及要用到的各种字段信息，并简要介绍了DICOM协议的内容及特点。第三章介绍了与PACS系统相关的文字、图像信息的流动情况，从而提出了“分级存贮”的整体架构。第四章采集图像的各种接口及实现方法，并较为详细地讲解了医生工作站的设计和实现。第五章介绍了DICOM信息的获取、窗宽、窗位的调节、面积、长度、角度的测量技术。第六章是展望，提出了几点改进方向。
Picture access and communication system (PACS) is an information system used to manager pictures which are talced by medical equipment such as CT,MR in hospital. PACS is generated in 70's. It is not developed fast until the DICOM is brought forward by ACR-NEMA in 80's. As a big complicated system,PACS is to join many different systems. So it is important and difficult to find an actual scheme.
DICOM means digital image communication in medicine. It is a standard communication protocol based on TCP/IP in medicine. It defines abstract patient object and other relative information in detail. It is an international hotspot of study and application especially used in PACS now.
The author discusses PACS doctor workstation and relative technology in this article. The doctor workstation is used to show picture,so we should understand the file format,which is described in the second chapter. In that chapter,the author also describes the DICOM 3.0's specialty. The third chapter describes the whole frame
with the "access by different level" technology. The fourth chapter describes every
interface and realization method,and introduces the doctor workstation's design and realization. The fifth chapter describes some kind of technology which are accessing the DICOM information,adjusting the window width and window center,measuring the area,length and angle. The sixth chapter brings forward some improved direction.
引文
[1]邱峰，田捷等·PACS系统综述·中国医学影像技术，2000；16(1)：73
[2]张琳·医学影像存储与传导系统(PACS)的效益浅析·医疗设备信息，2001；8：37
[3]刘景春，田捷等·PACS的结构与实现·中国医学影像技术，2000；16(1)：76
[4]贾克斌，沈波·实现医学影象存档和传输系统中的若干关键技术·中国图象图形学报，2000；5(7)：539
[5]王柏春，张有平等·适合我国国情的PACS系统的设计和应用·医疗装备，2001：14(7)：10
[6]National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM),National Electrical Manufacturers Association:NEMA,2000. PS3.1-2001 pagel-PS3.1-2001 page18
[7]National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM),National Electrical Manufacturers Association:NEMA,2000.PS3.8-2001 page8-PS3.8-2001 page18
[8]National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM),National Electrical Manufacturers Association:NEMA,2000.PS3.3-2001 page2-PS3.3-2001 page13
[9]National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM),National Electrical Manufacturers Association:NEMA,2000.PS3.4-2001 page20-PS3.4-2001 page28
[10]National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM),National Electrical Manufacturers Association:NEMA,2000.PS3.5-2001 page30-PS3.5-2001 page50
[11]National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM),National Electrical Manufacturers Association:NEMA,2000.PS3.3-2001 page145-PS3.3-2001 page148
[12]National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM),National Electrical Manufacturers Association:NEMA,2000.PS3.3-2001 page193-PS3.3-2001 page228
[13]National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM),National Electrical Manufacturers Association:NEMA,2000.PS3.3-2001 page229-PS3.3-2001 page235
[14]胡秋阳，高小榕等·DICOM医学图像采集的方法与实践·北京生物医学工程，2001；20(1)：1
[15]李坤成·我国PACS和远程影像学存在的问题和解决对策的探讨·医疗设备信息，2001；4：1
[16]蒲卫，李军等·医院信息系统与PACS的融合·医疗设备信息，2001；6：1
[17]林天毅，毕亚雷等·PACS与HIS/RIS集成及其在我国实现的相关问题·中国医疗器械信息，2000；6(1)：25
[18]晓波·硬盘接口技术综述·http：//www.yeskey.com/
[19]奥克拉．马尔·ORACLE8.1.6管理员指南·2000年10月第1版·北京希望电子出版社：希望图书输出中心，2000·111
[20]军卫1号工程技术组·军卫1号医院信息系统数据结构手册·军卫1号工程技术组，2001；13：87
[21]严蔚敏，吴伟民编著·数据结构(C语言版)·清华大学出版社·1997年4月第1版·新华书店，2000·17
[22]余晓锷，王志远等·CT原理与设备·第一军医大学生物医学工程系，2000：21
[23]David A.Clunie,"Lossless Compression of Grayscale Medical Images—Effectiveness of Traditional and State of the Art Approaches",Quintiles Intelligent Imaging,ftp：//ipl.rpi.edu/pub/
[2]张琳·医学影像存储与传导系统(PACS)的效益浅析·医疗设备信息，2001；8：37
[3]刘景春，田捷等·PACS的结构与实现·中国医学影像技术，2000；16(1)：76
[4]贾克斌，沈波·实现医学影象存档和传输系统中的若干关键技术·中国图象图形学报，2000；5(7)：539
[5]王柏春，张有平等·适合我国国情的PACS系统的设计和应用·医疗装备，2001：14(7)：10
[6]National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM),National Electrical Manufacturers Association:NEMA,2000. PS3.1-2001 pagel-PS3.1-2001 page18
[7]National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM),National Electrical Manufacturers Association:NEMA,2000.PS3.8-2001 page8-PS3.8-2001 page18
[8]National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM),National Electrical Manufacturers Association:NEMA,2000.PS3.3-2001 page2-PS3.3-2001 page13
[9]National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM),National Electrical Manufacturers Association:NEMA,2000.PS3.4-2001 page20-PS3.4-2001 page28
[10]National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM),National Electrical Manufacturers Association:NEMA,2000.PS3.5-2001 page30-PS3.5-2001 page50
[11]National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM),National Electrical Manufacturers Association:NEMA,2000.PS3.3-2001 page145-PS3.3-2001 page148
[12]National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM),National Electrical Manufacturers Association:NEMA,2000.PS3.3-2001 page193-PS3.3-2001 page228
[13]National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM),National Electrical Manufacturers Association:NEMA,2000.PS3.3-2001 page229-PS3.3-2001 page235
[14]胡秋阳，高小榕等·DICOM医学图像采集的方法与实践·北京生物医学工程，2001；20(1)：1
[15]李坤成·我国PACS和远程影像学存在的问题和解决对策的探讨·医疗设备信息，2001；4：1
[16]蒲卫，李军等·医院信息系统与PACS的融合·医疗设备信息，2001；6：1
[17]林天毅，毕亚雷等·PACS与HIS/RIS集成及其在我国实现的相关问题·中国医疗器械信息，2000；6(1)：25
[18]晓波·硬盘接口技术综述·http：//www.yeskey.com/
[19]奥克拉．马尔·ORACLE8.1.6管理员指南·2000年10月第1版·北京希望电子出版社：希望图书输出中心，2000·111
[20]军卫1号工程技术组·军卫1号医院信息系统数据结构手册·军卫1号工程技术组，2001；13：87
[21]严蔚敏，吴伟民编著·数据结构(C语言版)·清华大学出版社·1997年4月第1版·新华书店，2000·17
[22]余晓锷，王志远等·CT原理与设备·第一军医大学生物医学工程系，2000：21
[23]David A.Clunie,"Lossless Compression of Grayscale Medical Images—Effectiveness of Traditional and State of the Art Approaches",Quintiles Intelligent Imaging,ftp：//ipl.rpi.edu/pub/