综合运输体系下货运服务网络设计优化问题的研究
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摘要
本文以可实践的观点来进行理论与方法的研究,依托综合运输体系的特点,利用最优化理论与方法,结合经典算法求解平台与智能求解机制,循序渐进的研究综合货运服务网络设计问题。本文的研究内容涵盖了综合货运服务网络中的权重处理、路径搜索、流量分配、频度服务网络设计和动态服务网络设计的模型与求解算法。最后以中铁快运企业的实际运营网络为依托,进行了实证验证。
在综合货运服务网络表示方面,本文设计T标号和L标号方法对权重进行处理,结合“前探”策略,提出了改进的最短路径搜索算法,可解决综合货运服务网络中考虑中转权重的最短路搜索,进一步利用偏离径路搜索算法的思想给出了可解决回路的K短路搜索算法。之后构建的流量分配数学模型考虑了综合货运服务网络中运输费用和不同服务之间中转固定费用的优化,也考虑了其它必要的约束。在求解思路上本文给出了动态构建Lingo脚本进行求解的思路,解决了传统数学模型构建时工作量过大和逻辑过于复杂的缺点,既确保能高效准确构建对应的数学模型优化求解脚本,又能充分利用成熟的优化平台和技术。
在频度服务网络设计方面,首先给出了服务框架网络图,然后给出了服务网络下运输路径集合确定的方法,也分析了服务集合设计的思路。根据决策变量—服务频率为输出型和决策型构建了基于服务框架网络的设计模型和基于服务选择的设计模型。前者为0-1混合规划模型,以往学者对此类模型的研究成果较多。而后者旨在传统服务网络设计的基础上解决中转衔接方案的优化。考虑到中转货流量的计算,通过服务选择情景的构建,在提出K短“点”路作为运输径路的基础上,设计了服务选择决策变量,从而可以解决综合货运服务网络中中转费用、服务衔接等一系列优化问题。在模型求解思路上既有动态Lingo脚本构建机制,也有为了解决规模问题而设计的智能算法机制。本文所设计的自适应免疫克隆选择算法中,根据服务网络设计自身特点,提出了基于反馈调整机制的变异算子,既提高了算法的求解速度,又可保证算法求解的优化方向。
动态服务网络设计方面,考虑到单层时空网络无法解决货运领域“集结编组优化”,同时考虑到服务的服务区段与编组单元之间的关系,本文构建了三层时空网络,服务层、编组单元层和货流层的三层组合网络解决了服务开行优化、编组策略优化和流量分配优化三个优化问题的一体化考虑。在对三层时空网络中的中转情景做了分析之后,构建了中转弧用于解决中转费用的优化,然后给出了综合货运动态服务网络设计优化数学模型。优化日标既考虑了服务设计费用和编组单元构建费用的优化,也考虑了运输费用和中转费用的优化。算法求解方面,采用自适应免疫克隆选择算法对基于服务集合的服务设计方案进行迭代优化,而每步迭代过程中,对于给定服务设计方案下的货流层和单元层之间的流量分配问题,首先处理有关服务的约束,然后将编组单元构建成本添加到编组单元联弧上,设计两阶段求解算法对货流层和单元层之间流量分配问题进行求解：第一阶段利用列生成算法进行流量分配的求解；第二阶段利用基于闭合环路的邻域搜索算法进行邻域搜索,寻找更优的服务设计方案。两阶段求解完以后更新服务设计方案,继续利用自适应免疫克隆选择算法进行服务设计方案的迭代更新直到满足结束条件,输出算法的最优解作为优化后的服务设计方案。
This paper focuses on the combination of theory and practice, and makes use of optimization theory and methods as tools to investigate the problems related to how to build a freight transport service network under integrated transport system. This paper primarily concentrates on freight transport service network design problem under integrated transport system; the research content covers the area of service network weight handling, path search algorithm research, traffic distribution, frequency and dynamic service network design models and algorithms. Finally, the research result is verified on actual freight transport service network operated by an express company.
As to the presentation of freight transport service network under integrated transport system, this paper uses methods of T label and L label to deal with the network weight, combining the "step preprocess" strategy, an improved path search mechanism is then proposed to get the shortest path in network. Furthermore, the deviation search idea is used to design a new K-shortest path search algorithm which can avoid the circuit. After that, a traffic distribution model which considers the optimization of transport cost and transfer cost between different services is built, the model also considers some key constraints. This paper then raises a new sovling mechanism to construct the Lingo script dynamically; this mechanism can solve the traditional problems caused by workload and logic complexity. It can not only ensure build the corresponding script efficiently and accuratly, but also make full use of sophisticated optimization platform and technology.
As to the frequency service network design under integrated transport system, the framework of service frame graph is proposed, and then the method is given to determine the transport path set and the design idea of services set is analyzed. Accroding to the types of decision variables, when it is derived output type, the design model based on the service frame graph is built, which belongs to multiple commodity network flow model; when it is non-negative integer type, the design model based on services selected strategy is built. Considering the services choose optimization and transfer amount of freight, the service selected variables which adopts the K-shortest "node" path idea is designed. The work can solve a series of optimization problems related to the freight tranposrt service netwok design under integrated transport system. In views of solving algorithm, a dynamic Lingo script building mechanism and intelligent algorithm mechanism which uses adaptive immune clonal selection algorithm. The intelligent algorithm uses feedback strategy to improve the clonal selection algorithm are designed. It works properly because of the characteristics of service network design; the feedback mechanism has not only improved the sovling speed of the algorithm, but also has ensured the optimization direction of the algorithm.
As to dynamic service network design under integrated transport system, taking into account of the lack of traditional time-space network which cannot consider the "freight assembly" strategy in freight transport area, and based on the relationship between service line and marshalling unit, this paper proposes three layers of time-space network, the combination of service layer, marshalling unit layer and freight traffic layer which can solve the problems of service selected optimization, marshalling strategy optimization and freight traffic distribution optimaztion integrately. This paper analyzes the transfer scenario in three layers of time-space network, constructs transfer arcs which will be used to optimize the transfer cost and builds the corresponding mathematical model. The objective function not only considers the optimization of service design cost and marshelling unit constructed cost, but also considers the optimization of transport cost and transfer cost. For the solving algorithm, adaptive immune clonal selection algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem of service design solution. In each iterative step, at first, the marshelling unit constructed cost is added to marshelling arcs, two-stage algorithm is designed to solve the traffic distribution problem between freight traffic layer and marshalling unit layer:at first stage, the column generation algorithm is used to solve the traffic distribution, at second stage, a neighborhood search algorithm based on a closed loop mechanism is used to get better neighbors. After two-stage algorithm solving, the service design solution is updated, then the adaptive immune clonal selection algorithm is used to continue optimizing the service design solution until meet the end condition. At last, the solving algorithm outputs the optimal solution as optimal service design solution.
在综合货运服务网络表示方面,本文设计T标号和L标号方法对权重进行处理,结合“前探”策略,提出了改进的最短路径搜索算法,可解决综合货运服务网络中考虑中转权重的最短路搜索,进一步利用偏离径路搜索算法的思想给出了可解决回路的K短路搜索算法。之后构建的流量分配数学模型考虑了综合货运服务网络中运输费用和不同服务之间中转固定费用的优化,也考虑了其它必要的约束。在求解思路上本文给出了动态构建Lingo脚本进行求解的思路,解决了传统数学模型构建时工作量过大和逻辑过于复杂的缺点,既确保能高效准确构建对应的数学模型优化求解脚本,又能充分利用成熟的优化平台和技术。
在频度服务网络设计方面,首先给出了服务框架网络图,然后给出了服务网络下运输路径集合确定的方法,也分析了服务集合设计的思路。根据决策变量—服务频率为输出型和决策型构建了基于服务框架网络的设计模型和基于服务选择的设计模型。前者为0-1混合规划模型,以往学者对此类模型的研究成果较多。而后者旨在传统服务网络设计的基础上解决中转衔接方案的优化。考虑到中转货流量的计算,通过服务选择情景的构建,在提出K短“点”路作为运输径路的基础上,设计了服务选择决策变量,从而可以解决综合货运服务网络中中转费用、服务衔接等一系列优化问题。在模型求解思路上既有动态Lingo脚本构建机制,也有为了解决规模问题而设计的智能算法机制。本文所设计的自适应免疫克隆选择算法中,根据服务网络设计自身特点,提出了基于反馈调整机制的变异算子,既提高了算法的求解速度,又可保证算法求解的优化方向。
动态服务网络设计方面,考虑到单层时空网络无法解决货运领域“集结编组优化”,同时考虑到服务的服务区段与编组单元之间的关系,本文构建了三层时空网络,服务层、编组单元层和货流层的三层组合网络解决了服务开行优化、编组策略优化和流量分配优化三个优化问题的一体化考虑。在对三层时空网络中的中转情景做了分析之后,构建了中转弧用于解决中转费用的优化,然后给出了综合货运动态服务网络设计优化数学模型。优化日标既考虑了服务设计费用和编组单元构建费用的优化,也考虑了运输费用和中转费用的优化。算法求解方面,采用自适应免疫克隆选择算法对基于服务集合的服务设计方案进行迭代优化,而每步迭代过程中,对于给定服务设计方案下的货流层和单元层之间的流量分配问题,首先处理有关服务的约束,然后将编组单元构建成本添加到编组单元联弧上,设计两阶段求解算法对货流层和单元层之间流量分配问题进行求解：第一阶段利用列生成算法进行流量分配的求解；第二阶段利用基于闭合环路的邻域搜索算法进行邻域搜索,寻找更优的服务设计方案。两阶段求解完以后更新服务设计方案,继续利用自适应免疫克隆选择算法进行服务设计方案的迭代更新直到满足结束条件,输出算法的最优解作为优化后的服务设计方案。
This paper focuses on the combination of theory and practice, and makes use of optimization theory and methods as tools to investigate the problems related to how to build a freight transport service network under integrated transport system. This paper primarily concentrates on freight transport service network design problem under integrated transport system; the research content covers the area of service network weight handling, path search algorithm research, traffic distribution, frequency and dynamic service network design models and algorithms. Finally, the research result is verified on actual freight transport service network operated by an express company.
As to the presentation of freight transport service network under integrated transport system, this paper uses methods of T label and L label to deal with the network weight, combining the "step preprocess" strategy, an improved path search mechanism is then proposed to get the shortest path in network. Furthermore, the deviation search idea is used to design a new K-shortest path search algorithm which can avoid the circuit. After that, a traffic distribution model which considers the optimization of transport cost and transfer cost between different services is built, the model also considers some key constraints. This paper then raises a new sovling mechanism to construct the Lingo script dynamically; this mechanism can solve the traditional problems caused by workload and logic complexity. It can not only ensure build the corresponding script efficiently and accuratly, but also make full use of sophisticated optimization platform and technology.
As to the frequency service network design under integrated transport system, the framework of service frame graph is proposed, and then the method is given to determine the transport path set and the design idea of services set is analyzed. Accroding to the types of decision variables, when it is derived output type, the design model based on the service frame graph is built, which belongs to multiple commodity network flow model; when it is non-negative integer type, the design model based on services selected strategy is built. Considering the services choose optimization and transfer amount of freight, the service selected variables which adopts the K-shortest "node" path idea is designed. The work can solve a series of optimization problems related to the freight tranposrt service netwok design under integrated transport system. In views of solving algorithm, a dynamic Lingo script building mechanism and intelligent algorithm mechanism which uses adaptive immune clonal selection algorithm. The intelligent algorithm uses feedback strategy to improve the clonal selection algorithm are designed. It works properly because of the characteristics of service network design; the feedback mechanism has not only improved the sovling speed of the algorithm, but also has ensured the optimization direction of the algorithm.
As to dynamic service network design under integrated transport system, taking into account of the lack of traditional time-space network which cannot consider the "freight assembly" strategy in freight transport area, and based on the relationship between service line and marshalling unit, this paper proposes three layers of time-space network, the combination of service layer, marshalling unit layer and freight traffic layer which can solve the problems of service selected optimization, marshalling strategy optimization and freight traffic distribution optimaztion integrately. This paper analyzes the transfer scenario in three layers of time-space network, constructs transfer arcs which will be used to optimize the transfer cost and builds the corresponding mathematical model. The objective function not only considers the optimization of service design cost and marshelling unit constructed cost, but also considers the optimization of transport cost and transfer cost. For the solving algorithm, adaptive immune clonal selection algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem of service design solution. In each iterative step, at first, the marshelling unit constructed cost is added to marshelling arcs, two-stage algorithm is designed to solve the traffic distribution problem between freight traffic layer and marshalling unit layer:at first stage, the column generation algorithm is used to solve the traffic distribution, at second stage, a neighborhood search algorithm based on a closed loop mechanism is used to get better neighbors. After two-stage algorithm solving, the service design solution is updated, then the adaptive immune clonal selection algorithm is used to continue optimizing the service design solution until meet the end condition. At last, the solving algorithm outputs the optimal solution as optimal service design solution.
引文
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