基于ACIS的组合夹具CAD系统
|
摘要
CAD技术是制造业的核心技术,大力发展自主CAD系统是我国制造业信息化发展道路中的重中之重。伴随着计算机软硬件技术的高速发展,CAD系统的开发向着更高、更深层次方向发展。基于CAD几何造型引擎进行的CAD系统开发与基于某个通用CAD系统的二次开发和完全从底层做起的开发方式相比,具有开发周期短、见效快、系统稳定性好、功能强的特点,是符合市场经济机制和合理分工原则,迅速提高国内CAD系统技术水平和市场占有率的有效方式。
本文对当今国际上成功的三维几何造型引擎ACIS进行详细讨论和分析的基础上,基于面向对象技术和组件技术的思想,针对开发基于ACIS的自主三维CAD系统的需求,对ACIS的实体造型技术和组合夹具CAD系统的实现进行了研究,本文的研究工作主要包括:
1、详细介绍了ACIS、HOOPS的基本内容,包括开发特点,数据结构以及ACIS类的层次定义和ACIS与HOOPS的关联方法;
2、对比分析了国内外组合夹具CAD系统的研究现状,实现了组合夹具CAD系统的总体结构设计,遵循“软件工程”的思想,对系统进行了统一的规划,把庞大的系统设计分成若干子类,独立开发,缩短了系统的开发周期,提高了系统的兼容性和稳定性;
3、采用基于窗口和面向对象的设计方法设计了良好的用户界面,使人机对话变得更加直观,操作更加简捷;
4、利用ACIS提供的丰富完备的类库和函数库,实现了线框模型、曲面模型、实体模型的构造和操作;
5、作为组合夹具CAD系统的进一步应用,在对国内外组合夹具CAD技术的研究现状进行分析的基础上,针对槽系组合夹具的设计特点,实现了组合夹具元件的参数化设计;
6、综合考虑工程人员思维习惯及装配模型细节构建的设计过程,系统中实现了四种基本的装配约束方式:面对齐、轴重合、旋转、移动。
CAD is one of the key technologies of manufacturing industry, it is important to promote the development of CAD systems in order to accelerate the information of domestic manufacturing industry. The development of CAD systems follows the high-speed development of technology of the software and hardware. Compared with developing a CAD system based on another CAD system or based on the way that totally starts from the ground floor, it is fast, effective, with good systematic stability and strong function that developing a CAD system based on a 3D solid modeling engine. It is according with the market economy mechanism and rational division of work principle, improving domestic CAD systematic engineering level and the effective way of the occupation rate of market rapidly.
Based on the analyzing and discussing of the successful 3D geometry modeling engine ACIS, this paper goes on in detail with the method of object-oriented technology and component technology. In order to the aim of developing an independent 3D CAD system based on ACIS, this paper studies about entity modeling technology and implementation method of modular fixture CAD system based on ACIS. The main work can be summarized as follows:
1. The contents of ACIS and HOOPS including ACIS developing characteristics, data structures, and hierarchy definitions of ACIS classes as well as methods to connect ACIS and HOOPS are deeply described in the paper;
2. The current states of the world about CAD technologies’application on modular fixture systems are analyzed and compared with each other. The whole structure is designed following the thought of“Software Engineering”. The systems are classified into many sub-classes which then can be developed separately. By the above methods, the cycle of development is shortened and the compatibility and stability can be improved;
3. Window-based and object-oriented methods are adopted and a good interface is designed which make connection and operation between human and computer more direct and simple;
4. The class and function libraries provided by ACIS are so complete that wireframe model, curved surface model as well as solid model can all be constructed and operated;
5. Based on the current state of CAD technology application on modular fixture in the world, the parameterized design of modular fixture is realized according to the design characteristics of T-slot-based modular fixture;
6. The fundamental styles of assembling rules including“FaceAlign”,“CoAxis,”“Rotate”and“Move”are realized in terms of engineers’thought habit and model details to be assembled.
本文对当今国际上成功的三维几何造型引擎ACIS进行详细讨论和分析的基础上,基于面向对象技术和组件技术的思想,针对开发基于ACIS的自主三维CAD系统的需求,对ACIS的实体造型技术和组合夹具CAD系统的实现进行了研究,本文的研究工作主要包括:
1、详细介绍了ACIS、HOOPS的基本内容,包括开发特点,数据结构以及ACIS类的层次定义和ACIS与HOOPS的关联方法;
2、对比分析了国内外组合夹具CAD系统的研究现状,实现了组合夹具CAD系统的总体结构设计,遵循“软件工程”的思想,对系统进行了统一的规划,把庞大的系统设计分成若干子类,独立开发,缩短了系统的开发周期,提高了系统的兼容性和稳定性;
3、采用基于窗口和面向对象的设计方法设计了良好的用户界面,使人机对话变得更加直观,操作更加简捷;
4、利用ACIS提供的丰富完备的类库和函数库,实现了线框模型、曲面模型、实体模型的构造和操作;
5、作为组合夹具CAD系统的进一步应用,在对国内外组合夹具CAD技术的研究现状进行分析的基础上,针对槽系组合夹具的设计特点,实现了组合夹具元件的参数化设计;
6、综合考虑工程人员思维习惯及装配模型细节构建的设计过程,系统中实现了四种基本的装配约束方式:面对齐、轴重合、旋转、移动。
CAD is one of the key technologies of manufacturing industry, it is important to promote the development of CAD systems in order to accelerate the information of domestic manufacturing industry. The development of CAD systems follows the high-speed development of technology of the software and hardware. Compared with developing a CAD system based on another CAD system or based on the way that totally starts from the ground floor, it is fast, effective, with good systematic stability and strong function that developing a CAD system based on a 3D solid modeling engine. It is according with the market economy mechanism and rational division of work principle, improving domestic CAD systematic engineering level and the effective way of the occupation rate of market rapidly.
Based on the analyzing and discussing of the successful 3D geometry modeling engine ACIS, this paper goes on in detail with the method of object-oriented technology and component technology. In order to the aim of developing an independent 3D CAD system based on ACIS, this paper studies about entity modeling technology and implementation method of modular fixture CAD system based on ACIS. The main work can be summarized as follows:
1. The contents of ACIS and HOOPS including ACIS developing characteristics, data structures, and hierarchy definitions of ACIS classes as well as methods to connect ACIS and HOOPS are deeply described in the paper;
2. The current states of the world about CAD technologies’application on modular fixture systems are analyzed and compared with each other. The whole structure is designed following the thought of“Software Engineering”. The systems are classified into many sub-classes which then can be developed separately. By the above methods, the cycle of development is shortened and the compatibility and stability can be improved;
3. Window-based and object-oriented methods are adopted and a good interface is designed which make connection and operation between human and computer more direct and simple;
4. The class and function libraries provided by ACIS are so complete that wireframe model, curved surface model as well as solid model can all be constructed and operated;
5. Based on the current state of CAD technology application on modular fixture in the world, the parameterized design of modular fixture is realized according to the design characteristics of T-slot-based modular fixture;
6. The fundamental styles of assembling rules including“FaceAlign”,“CoAxis,”“Rotate”and“Move”are realized in terms of engineers’thought habit and model details to be assembled.
引文
[1] 董晓英,李秀莲.现代CAD技术的发展[J].农机化研究,2004(6) :37-39
[2] 郭肆伟,刘东学,马爱亮.CAD技术发展概述[J].化工装备技术,2003 ,24(3) :61-63
[3] J.C.HChung et al.Framework for integrated mechanical design automation[J] .Computer-Aided Design, 2000(32) :355-365
[4] 陈琪,徐林林,高洁.CAD技术的发展趋势[J].机电产品开发与创新, 2002(4) :20-22
[5] 刘晓冰,高天一. CAD技术的发展趋势及主流软件产品[J]. 中国制造业信息化,2003,32(1) :41-45
[6] 毕克新,罗晓光.我国CAD技术应用存在的问题[J].中国软科学,1999(9) :71-73
[7] 陈长年.迎接中国制造时代的到来[J].制造技术与机床,2003(5) :12-17
[8] Spatial Technology,ACIS Optional Husk Technical Support release15,2004
[9] Spatial Technology,3D ACIS Modeler, www.spatial.com,2004
[10] 吴敏,黄峻森.3D应用程序开发的强大动力—造型组件ACIS[J]. CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2006(5) :110-112
[11] 徐炎冰,范真,丁建宁,等.基于 ACIS 平台开发 MEMS CAD 的技术研究[J].机械设计与制造,2005,10(10):79-81
[12] 董洪伟,周儒荣,周来水等.在ACIS平台上开发三维软件[J].计算机辅助工程,2002,(4) :53-58
[13] 万凯,何援军.基于ACIS平台的大型三维CAD系统的设计与开发[J]. 计算机仿真,2004,21(10) :178-181
[14] 詹海生,李广鑫,马志欣.基于 ACIS 的几何造型技术与系统开发[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.47
[15] 成基华,范玉青,袁国平,等.CAD/CAM开发平台及其发展趋势[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2000,12(2) :154-159
[16] 吴洪明,雷跃明.基于ACIS-HOOPS建立三维桥梁监测模型[J].交通与计算机,2006,24(5) :64-66
[17] 姚坤,刘希玉, 李菲菲.基于HOOPS接口技术的3D造型的研究[J].计算机应用研究,2006(11):246-248
[18] HOOPS 3D Graphics System Overview [ EB /OL ]. http: //www. spatial. com. cn, 2005.
[19] HOOPS/MVO Overview [ EB /OL ]. http: //www. spatial. com. cn, 2005.
[20] HOOPS User Interface Integrations [ EB /OL ]. http: //www. spatial. com. cn, 2005.
[21] HOOPS Geometric Modeler Bridges[ EB /OL ]. http: //www. spatial. com. cn, 2005.
[22] 吴敏,黄峻森.3D应用程序开发的强大动力——可视化组件HOOPS[J].CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2006(7):50-52
[23] ACIS online help .Spatial Technology Inc.1998 [EB/OL], 2004 .http ://www. spatial.com
[24]朱耀祥,等.计算机辅助组合夹具设计系统的研究[J].机械工程学报,1994(10):40-46
[25] Mervn F,Senthil Kumar A,Bok S H,Nee A Y C Development of an Internet-enabled Interactive Fixture Design System Computer Aided Design,2003,35:945-957
[26] 李增志. 组合夹具组装技术手册[Z] . 中国航空工业总公司第三O一研究所,1997
[27] 王素琴,钱瑾红.组合夹具的研究状况与应用[J].电子机械工程,2004,20(5):22-24
[28] Trappey AJC,Su CS , Huang SH. Methodology for Location and Orientation of Modular Fixtures [C] . In Proc ASME WAM , New Orleans, LA , 1993,PED - 64 : 333- 42
[29] Nnaji B,Alladin S Lyu P. A Framework for a Rule -based Expert Fixturing System for Face Milling Planar Surfaces on a CAD System Using Flexible Fixtures [J] . JManufacturing System,1988 ,7(3) : 194-207
[30] Diana M Pelinescu ,Michael Yu Wang . Multi-objective Optimal Fixture Layout Design[J] . Robotics andComputer Integrated Manufacturing ,2002 ,18 :365-372
[31] Y.Wu,Y.Rong and T.C.Chu. Automated generation of dedicated fixture design[J]. International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology. 1997 3/4 (10): 213-235
[32] Li.W,li. P.Rong. Case一based agile fixture design. Hihg Technology Letters,2001,7(3):70-74
[33] 金天国,刘文剑. 支持并行工程的夹具TOP一DOWN设计系统[J].计算机集成制造系统一CIMS,2001,7(10):47-52
[34] 柏合民,金天国,等.半智能化夹具设计工程数据库的研究[J].组合机床与自动化技术,2000(2):14-16
[35] 廖文合.组合工装计算机辅助设计系统的研制与开发[J].计算机辅助工程,1996(10):20-26
[36] 姚美琴.CAD中的参数化设计[J].山西科技,2005(1):32-33
[37] 金昊炫,应济.CAD中参数化设计子系统的研究和实现[J].机电工程,2002 ,19(3):1-3
[38] 王立新,丁希顺.如何创建友好的用户界面[J].福建电脑,2006(1):180-181 [39 张戈.CAD系统界面设计探讨[J].机械科学与技术,2001,20(1):149-150
[40] 林慧珠.CAD/CAM 系统的数据模型[J].化工装备技术,2002,6(23):55-58
[41] Hargrove S Keith. A Systems Approach to Fixture Planning and Design[J]. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 1995, 10:169-182
[42] 王赞,许超,薛翔. ACIS 与 HOOPS 图形平台的交互[J].成组技术与生产现代化,2006,23(1):49-52
[43] 郑永前.参数化实体造型及几何约束问题[J].同济大学学报,1999(27):567-570
[44] 王正盛.“金银花”参数化曲面设计系统的研究与实现[D]. 北京航空航天大学硕士论文,2001
[45] 朱瑞,王慧艺.基于 SolidWorks 的三维标准件库开发及实例[J].机械工程师,2006,(3):120-122
[46] 张晓东,张强,周鹤法,等.三维实体造型特殊问题探讨[J].石油机械,1997,9(25):52-54
[47] 张海生.基于 SolidWorks2003 的组合夹具元件的参数化设计[J].CAD/CAM 与制造业信息化,2005,(11):36-38
[48] 金建国,周明华,邬学军.参数化设计综述[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,(7):16-18
[49] 李素萍,刘根生,林建平等.基于 UG 的参数化设计方法及程序设计技术[J].现代机械,2005,(5):57-59
[50]A. Senthil kumar, J.Y.H. Fuh, T.S. Kow An automated design and assembly of interference-free modular fixture Setup[J].Computer-Aided Design, 2000(32):583–596
[51] 王海根,刘健.基于约束的组合夹具装配建模与设计[J].设计与研究,2006(4):34-37
[52] 张红梅,齐红威,张满囤,等. 组合夹具组装[J].CAD 河北工业大学学报,1999,28(2):98-101
[53] 王明强,范牧昌.槽系组合夹具计算机辅助拼装系统[J].机电工程,1997(1) :12-13
[54] 陈洪军,郑德涛,孙健,等. 组合夹具装配虚拟设计[J].机械设计与制造,2000(6):39-41
[55] 王华侨,王耕耘,王华昌,等.计算机辅助夹具设计 CAD 系统的研究[J].机械工程师,2003(4) 33-35
[56] 马碧友,雷跃明.基于 ACIS 平台的几何模型管理.机械制造与自动化,2007,36(1):74-77
[57] Spatial Technology,SAT Save File Format,2004
[58] Spatial Technology,Save and Restore Overview/ Save Details,2004
[59] Spatial Technology,Save and Restore Overview/ Save and Restore Details,2004
[60] ACIS online help . History and Roll Overview/ Bulletins 2004[ EB/ OL ] . http :/ / www. Spatial com
[61]ACIS online help . History and Roll Overview/ Bulletin Boards 2004[ EB/ OL ] . http :/ / www. Spatial com
[62] ACIS online help . History and Roll Overview/ Delta States 2004[ EB/ OL ] . http :/ / www. Spatial com
[63] ACIS online help. History and Roll Overview/History Manager 2004[EB/OL]. http :/ / www. Spatial com
[2] 郭肆伟,刘东学,马爱亮.CAD技术发展概述[J].化工装备技术,2003 ,24(3) :61-63
[3] J.C.HChung et al.Framework for integrated mechanical design automation[J] .Computer-Aided Design, 2000(32) :355-365
[4] 陈琪,徐林林,高洁.CAD技术的发展趋势[J].机电产品开发与创新, 2002(4) :20-22
[5] 刘晓冰,高天一. CAD技术的发展趋势及主流软件产品[J]. 中国制造业信息化,2003,32(1) :41-45
[6] 毕克新,罗晓光.我国CAD技术应用存在的问题[J].中国软科学,1999(9) :71-73
[7] 陈长年.迎接中国制造时代的到来[J].制造技术与机床,2003(5) :12-17
[8] Spatial Technology,ACIS Optional Husk Technical Support release15,2004
[9] Spatial Technology,3D ACIS Modeler, www.spatial.com,2004
[10] 吴敏,黄峻森.3D应用程序开发的强大动力—造型组件ACIS[J]. CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2006(5) :110-112
[11] 徐炎冰,范真,丁建宁,等.基于 ACIS 平台开发 MEMS CAD 的技术研究[J].机械设计与制造,2005,10(10):79-81
[12] 董洪伟,周儒荣,周来水等.在ACIS平台上开发三维软件[J].计算机辅助工程,2002,(4) :53-58
[13] 万凯,何援军.基于ACIS平台的大型三维CAD系统的设计与开发[J]. 计算机仿真,2004,21(10) :178-181
[14] 詹海生,李广鑫,马志欣.基于 ACIS 的几何造型技术与系统开发[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.47
[15] 成基华,范玉青,袁国平,等.CAD/CAM开发平台及其发展趋势[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2000,12(2) :154-159
[16] 吴洪明,雷跃明.基于ACIS-HOOPS建立三维桥梁监测模型[J].交通与计算机,2006,24(5) :64-66
[17] 姚坤,刘希玉, 李菲菲.基于HOOPS接口技术的3D造型的研究[J].计算机应用研究,2006(11):246-248
[18] HOOPS 3D Graphics System Overview [ EB /OL ]. http: //www. spatial. com. cn, 2005.
[19] HOOPS/MVO Overview [ EB /OL ]. http: //www. spatial. com. cn, 2005.
[20] HOOPS User Interface Integrations [ EB /OL ]. http: //www. spatial. com. cn, 2005.
[21] HOOPS Geometric Modeler Bridges[ EB /OL ]. http: //www. spatial. com. cn, 2005.
[22] 吴敏,黄峻森.3D应用程序开发的强大动力——可视化组件HOOPS[J].CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2006(7):50-52
[23] ACIS online help .Spatial Technology Inc.1998 [EB/OL], 2004 .http ://www. spatial.com
[24]朱耀祥,等.计算机辅助组合夹具设计系统的研究[J].机械工程学报,1994(10):40-46
[25] Mervn F,Senthil Kumar A,Bok S H,Nee A Y C Development of an Internet-enabled Interactive Fixture Design System Computer Aided Design,2003,35:945-957
[26] 李增志. 组合夹具组装技术手册[Z] . 中国航空工业总公司第三O一研究所,1997
[27] 王素琴,钱瑾红.组合夹具的研究状况与应用[J].电子机械工程,2004,20(5):22-24
[28] Trappey AJC,Su CS , Huang SH. Methodology for Location and Orientation of Modular Fixtures [C] . In Proc ASME WAM , New Orleans, LA , 1993,PED - 64 : 333- 42
[29] Nnaji B,Alladin S Lyu P. A Framework for a Rule -based Expert Fixturing System for Face Milling Planar Surfaces on a CAD System Using Flexible Fixtures [J] . JManufacturing System,1988 ,7(3) : 194-207
[30] Diana M Pelinescu ,Michael Yu Wang . Multi-objective Optimal Fixture Layout Design[J] . Robotics andComputer Integrated Manufacturing ,2002 ,18 :365-372
[31] Y.Wu,Y.Rong and T.C.Chu. Automated generation of dedicated fixture design[J]. International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology. 1997 3/4 (10): 213-235
[32] Li.W,li. P.Rong. Case一based agile fixture design. Hihg Technology Letters,2001,7(3):70-74
[33] 金天国,刘文剑. 支持并行工程的夹具TOP一DOWN设计系统[J].计算机集成制造系统一CIMS,2001,7(10):47-52
[34] 柏合民,金天国,等.半智能化夹具设计工程数据库的研究[J].组合机床与自动化技术,2000(2):14-16
[35] 廖文合.组合工装计算机辅助设计系统的研制与开发[J].计算机辅助工程,1996(10):20-26
[36] 姚美琴.CAD中的参数化设计[J].山西科技,2005(1):32-33
[37] 金昊炫,应济.CAD中参数化设计子系统的研究和实现[J].机电工程,2002 ,19(3):1-3
[38] 王立新,丁希顺.如何创建友好的用户界面[J].福建电脑,2006(1):180-181 [39 张戈.CAD系统界面设计探讨[J].机械科学与技术,2001,20(1):149-150
[40] 林慧珠.CAD/CAM 系统的数据模型[J].化工装备技术,2002,6(23):55-58
[41] Hargrove S Keith. A Systems Approach to Fixture Planning and Design[J]. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 1995, 10:169-182
[42] 王赞,许超,薛翔. ACIS 与 HOOPS 图形平台的交互[J].成组技术与生产现代化,2006,23(1):49-52
[43] 郑永前.参数化实体造型及几何约束问题[J].同济大学学报,1999(27):567-570
[44] 王正盛.“金银花”参数化曲面设计系统的研究与实现[D]. 北京航空航天大学硕士论文,2001
[45] 朱瑞,王慧艺.基于 SolidWorks 的三维标准件库开发及实例[J].机械工程师,2006,(3):120-122
[46] 张晓东,张强,周鹤法,等.三维实体造型特殊问题探讨[J].石油机械,1997,9(25):52-54
[47] 张海生.基于 SolidWorks2003 的组合夹具元件的参数化设计[J].CAD/CAM 与制造业信息化,2005,(11):36-38
[48] 金建国,周明华,邬学军.参数化设计综述[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,(7):16-18
[49] 李素萍,刘根生,林建平等.基于 UG 的参数化设计方法及程序设计技术[J].现代机械,2005,(5):57-59
[50]A. Senthil kumar, J.Y.H. Fuh, T.S. Kow An automated design and assembly of interference-free modular fixture Setup[J].Computer-Aided Design, 2000(32):583–596
[51] 王海根,刘健.基于约束的组合夹具装配建模与设计[J].设计与研究,2006(4):34-37
[52] 张红梅,齐红威,张满囤,等. 组合夹具组装[J].CAD 河北工业大学学报,1999,28(2):98-101
[53] 王明强,范牧昌.槽系组合夹具计算机辅助拼装系统[J].机电工程,1997(1) :12-13
[54] 陈洪军,郑德涛,孙健,等. 组合夹具装配虚拟设计[J].机械设计与制造,2000(6):39-41
[55] 王华侨,王耕耘,王华昌,等.计算机辅助夹具设计 CAD 系统的研究[J].机械工程师,2003(4) 33-35
[56] 马碧友,雷跃明.基于 ACIS 平台的几何模型管理.机械制造与自动化,2007,36(1):74-77
[57] Spatial Technology,SAT Save File Format,2004
[58] Spatial Technology,Save and Restore Overview/ Save Details,2004
[59] Spatial Technology,Save and Restore Overview/ Save and Restore Details,2004
[60] ACIS online help . History and Roll Overview/ Bulletins 2004[ EB/ OL ] . http :/ / www. Spatial com
[61]ACIS online help . History and Roll Overview/ Bulletin Boards 2004[ EB/ OL ] . http :/ / www. Spatial com
[62] ACIS online help . History and Roll Overview/ Delta States 2004[ EB/ OL ] . http :/ / www. Spatial com
[63] ACIS online help. History and Roll Overview/History Manager 2004[EB/OL]. http :/ / www. Spatial com