辽宁省沥青路面合理结构类型与区划原理的研究
|
摘要
随着我国交通运输事业的快速发展,公路建设技术不断取得进步,形成了较为完善的以半刚性基层沥青路面为代表的沥青路面设计技术体系,然而不同类型的沥青路面早期损坏、疲劳破坏等问题也不同程度地出现了,在一些路段甚至严重存在,降低了路面的服务水平并影响行车安全,因此研究沥青路面早期损坏与控制措施已成为当今道路领域最为重要的课题之一。造成早期损坏的一个重要原因就是我国沥青路面的结构形式过于单一,由于沥青路面的材料与结构性能受外界环境的影响十分敏感,而外部环境随地域和时间的不同而发生变化,所以如何适应环境的变化,是一个亟待解决的复杂的问题。本文在系统分析国内外的成功经验和失败教训的基础上,提出了沥青路面结构系统分析的基本分析方法;从沥青路面损坏特征及相应的环境特点方面入手,分析了辽宁省既有沥青路面结构系统的特征;构建了沥青路面结构区划指标体系,给出了基于沥青路面结构系统特征的区划原理,并提出了各自分区内相应的沥青路面合理结构类型。
根据系统理论,本文从系统整体性和环境适应性的观点出发,建立了沥青路面结构系统的基本概念和分析框架,提出了沥青路面结构系统能够生存和发展的前提条件是要与自然环境和交通荷载环境相适应,在方法论的层次上以系统科学思想和方法建立了系统的分析框架。在对辽宁省境内沥青路面使用性能的大规模调查和既有技术资料综合分析整理的基础上,选择铁岭至四平、沈阳至山海关、沈阳至大连三条高速公路为典型路段,依据既有技术资料,对自然环境、地质条件、交通量、路用性能等指标和设计、施工资料进行了大量实测和数据整理分析,通过对沥青路面结构的特征、主要破坏形式及其原因进行的分析,提出了沥青路面破坏的两个主要特征,即以水损坏向车辙转化为代表的早期损坏,以及以沈阳至大连高速公路中长期使用性能为代表的结构损伤特征。借鉴国内外的使用经验,分析了半刚性基层沥青路面结构与柔性基层沥青路面结构各自的优缺点,按照路面结构设计应遵循相互协调、综合平衡的原则,指出两者不仅应该独立存在,更应该发展组合式沥青路面结构与复合式路面结构,首次提出了组合式沥青路面结构两阶段发展步骤的构思。通过大量数据的分析研究表明,决定路面结构强度衰减的是雨量的时段分布,并针对辽宁地处季节性重冰冻地区的特点,首次采用了冻前20天的平均降雨量为时段降雨量指标,作为辽宁省沥青路面结构类型分区的降水量特征指标,并取代了年降水量指标。以路面结构在使用中各因素的相互作用原理分析为依据,构建了沥青路面结构区划原则和指标体系,以时段降雨量、高温指标、低温指标、冻结深度、交通量等为特征指标,提出了沥青路面结构分区和相应的合理沥青路面结构类型,同时,也给出了细化的亚区及其相应的合理沥青路面结构类型。提出了在辽宁西部高速公路建设中宜使用以半刚性基层沥青路面为主的结构类型;在辽宁东部地区,高速公路建设宜发展以组合式沥青路面为主的结构类型。
本文的研究成果,对于建立辽宁省沥青路面合理结构的地方性指南具有重要的理论意义,为建立适合于辽宁省公路沥青路面的地方性规范进行了必要的技术储备。
With the rapid development of the transportation in China, technical progress is made continuously in highway construction and the technology system represented by semi-rigid base asphalt pavement theory has been formed and perfected. However, different kinds of premature failure and fatigue damage of the asphalt pavement has been occurring in different extents, more serious failure occurred in some highway sections indeed. It has reduced the road surface standard of service and has affected driving safety. Therefore, the study on the mechanics and controlling measures of premature failure has become one of the most important subjects in pavement research fields. A very important reason resulting in premature failure of asphalt pavement is that its structure type is excessively single. So, how the asphalt pavement can be adapt to the changes of its external environment is an urgent and complex problem to be resolved because its material and structural properties are very sensitive to the traffic loads and the external environment that varies with the changes of clime and time. By summarizing comprehensively the domestic and overseas successful and failing experience, this paper brings forward the basic analyzing method of the asphalt pavement structure, analyzes the pavement structure system characteristic of the already existing asphalt pavement in Liaoning province based on its damage characteristic and its corresponding environmental characteristic, conceives its regionalization index system and presents the regionalization principle based on the characteristic of the asphalt pavement structure system and brings forward the reasonable pavement structure in each region.
According to the system theory, the essential idea and analyzing framework of the asphalt pavement structure system is conceived on the base of system unitary characteristic and environmental adaptability. It suggests the precondition which the asphalt pavement construction system can survive and develop is that the pavement could adapt to its environment around and traffic loads. The analytical framework has been built with system science thought and method on the methodology arrangement of ideas. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the technical data obtained by a large-scale survey of asphalt pavement performance as well as the data got before, taking Tieling to Siping, Shenyang to Shanhaiguan and Shenyang to Dalian expressway as representative section, the paper actually carries out lots of survey on natural environment, geological condition, volume of traffic, performance data, etc. and analyzes the data already existed data including construction and design. By analyzing its structural characteristic, its main failure forms and its cause, this paper has brought forward two principal asphalt pavement failure characters, namely, the early representative damage characteristic caused by water damages changing to the rut and the long-term structure performance losses such as Shenyang to Dalian expressway in use as representative. Referring to the domestic and overseas experience and abiding by the design principle of mutually coordinating and comprehensive balance, this paper indicates the two structures are indispensable through analyzing the advantage and shortcoming between semi-rigid and flexible base, in the meanwhile, the combined asphalt pavement structure and the compound pavement structure should be given priority to develop. The two stages developing conception on the combined asphalt pavement structure is brought forward for the first time. The analysis of large amount of data indicates that the determinant factor of the pavement strength attenuation is rainfalls intervals distributing. Considering Liaoning province is located in heavily seasonal frost area, average 20 days rainfalls intervals distributing before freezing has been adopted to be its asphalt pavement structure regionalization index to substitute the annual rainfalls index for the first time. Depended on the analysis of every reciprocal factors affecting the usage of asphalt pavement structure, the principle and the index system is conceived including interval rainfalls, high and low temperature index, freezing depth, traffic volume, etc.. The asphalt pavement structure regionalization and its corresponding rational structure types are brought forward. Furthermore, the sub-regionalization and its corresponding reasonable types are also brought forward. The paper suggests that the semi-rigid base pavemen structure should be mainly applied in the expressway in the western area of Liaoning province and combined pavement structure should be applied in the eastern area of Liaoning province.
The research result of this paper has important academic significance to build the local guide of asphalt pavement rational structure for Liaoning province and has made necessary technology reserve for constituting suitable local specification for Liaoning provincial asphalt pavement.
根据系统理论,本文从系统整体性和环境适应性的观点出发,建立了沥青路面结构系统的基本概念和分析框架,提出了沥青路面结构系统能够生存和发展的前提条件是要与自然环境和交通荷载环境相适应,在方法论的层次上以系统科学思想和方法建立了系统的分析框架。在对辽宁省境内沥青路面使用性能的大规模调查和既有技术资料综合分析整理的基础上,选择铁岭至四平、沈阳至山海关、沈阳至大连三条高速公路为典型路段,依据既有技术资料,对自然环境、地质条件、交通量、路用性能等指标和设计、施工资料进行了大量实测和数据整理分析,通过对沥青路面结构的特征、主要破坏形式及其原因进行的分析,提出了沥青路面破坏的两个主要特征,即以水损坏向车辙转化为代表的早期损坏,以及以沈阳至大连高速公路中长期使用性能为代表的结构损伤特征。借鉴国内外的使用经验,分析了半刚性基层沥青路面结构与柔性基层沥青路面结构各自的优缺点,按照路面结构设计应遵循相互协调、综合平衡的原则,指出两者不仅应该独立存在,更应该发展组合式沥青路面结构与复合式路面结构,首次提出了组合式沥青路面结构两阶段发展步骤的构思。通过大量数据的分析研究表明,决定路面结构强度衰减的是雨量的时段分布,并针对辽宁地处季节性重冰冻地区的特点,首次采用了冻前20天的平均降雨量为时段降雨量指标,作为辽宁省沥青路面结构类型分区的降水量特征指标,并取代了年降水量指标。以路面结构在使用中各因素的相互作用原理分析为依据,构建了沥青路面结构区划原则和指标体系,以时段降雨量、高温指标、低温指标、冻结深度、交通量等为特征指标,提出了沥青路面结构分区和相应的合理沥青路面结构类型,同时,也给出了细化的亚区及其相应的合理沥青路面结构类型。提出了在辽宁西部高速公路建设中宜使用以半刚性基层沥青路面为主的结构类型;在辽宁东部地区,高速公路建设宜发展以组合式沥青路面为主的结构类型。
本文的研究成果,对于建立辽宁省沥青路面合理结构的地方性指南具有重要的理论意义,为建立适合于辽宁省公路沥青路面的地方性规范进行了必要的技术储备。
With the rapid development of the transportation in China, technical progress is made continuously in highway construction and the technology system represented by semi-rigid base asphalt pavement theory has been formed and perfected. However, different kinds of premature failure and fatigue damage of the asphalt pavement has been occurring in different extents, more serious failure occurred in some highway sections indeed. It has reduced the road surface standard of service and has affected driving safety. Therefore, the study on the mechanics and controlling measures of premature failure has become one of the most important subjects in pavement research fields. A very important reason resulting in premature failure of asphalt pavement is that its structure type is excessively single. So, how the asphalt pavement can be adapt to the changes of its external environment is an urgent and complex problem to be resolved because its material and structural properties are very sensitive to the traffic loads and the external environment that varies with the changes of clime and time. By summarizing comprehensively the domestic and overseas successful and failing experience, this paper brings forward the basic analyzing method of the asphalt pavement structure, analyzes the pavement structure system characteristic of the already existing asphalt pavement in Liaoning province based on its damage characteristic and its corresponding environmental characteristic, conceives its regionalization index system and presents the regionalization principle based on the characteristic of the asphalt pavement structure system and brings forward the reasonable pavement structure in each region.
According to the system theory, the essential idea and analyzing framework of the asphalt pavement structure system is conceived on the base of system unitary characteristic and environmental adaptability. It suggests the precondition which the asphalt pavement construction system can survive and develop is that the pavement could adapt to its environment around and traffic loads. The analytical framework has been built with system science thought and method on the methodology arrangement of ideas. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the technical data obtained by a large-scale survey of asphalt pavement performance as well as the data got before, taking Tieling to Siping, Shenyang to Shanhaiguan and Shenyang to Dalian expressway as representative section, the paper actually carries out lots of survey on natural environment, geological condition, volume of traffic, performance data, etc. and analyzes the data already existed data including construction and design. By analyzing its structural characteristic, its main failure forms and its cause, this paper has brought forward two principal asphalt pavement failure characters, namely, the early representative damage characteristic caused by water damages changing to the rut and the long-term structure performance losses such as Shenyang to Dalian expressway in use as representative. Referring to the domestic and overseas experience and abiding by the design principle of mutually coordinating and comprehensive balance, this paper indicates the two structures are indispensable through analyzing the advantage and shortcoming between semi-rigid and flexible base, in the meanwhile, the combined asphalt pavement structure and the compound pavement structure should be given priority to develop. The two stages developing conception on the combined asphalt pavement structure is brought forward for the first time. The analysis of large amount of data indicates that the determinant factor of the pavement strength attenuation is rainfalls intervals distributing. Considering Liaoning province is located in heavily seasonal frost area, average 20 days rainfalls intervals distributing before freezing has been adopted to be its asphalt pavement structure regionalization index to substitute the annual rainfalls index for the first time. Depended on the analysis of every reciprocal factors affecting the usage of asphalt pavement structure, the principle and the index system is conceived including interval rainfalls, high and low temperature index, freezing depth, traffic volume, etc.. The asphalt pavement structure regionalization and its corresponding rational structure types are brought forward. Furthermore, the sub-regionalization and its corresponding reasonable types are also brought forward. The paper suggests that the semi-rigid base pavemen structure should be mainly applied in the expressway in the western area of Liaoning province and combined pavement structure should be applied in the eastern area of Liaoning province.
The research result of this paper has important academic significance to build the local guide of asphalt pavement rational structure for Liaoning province and has made necessary technology reserve for constituting suitable local specification for Liaoning provincial asphalt pavement.
引文
1 沈金安. 高速公路沥青路面早期损坏分析与防治对策. 人民交通出版社, 2006: 1 310~333
2 沙庆林. 高速公路沥青路面早期破坏现象及预防. 人民交通出版社, 2003: 380
3 沙庆林. 高等级公路半刚性基层沥青路面. 人民交通出版社, 1999:364
4 王哲人. 高速交通对沥青路面工程技术发展的影响. 哈尔滨建筑大学学报. 1995, 28(2):1~9
5 刘奉侨, 曲向进, 马松林, 等. 沈大路改扩建工程路基实验路软基试验结果分析. 辽宁交通科技. 2005, 增刊: 76
6 聂鹏, 王玉泉, 吴海英. 超大跨隧道开挖室内模型实验研究. 辽宁交通科技. 2005, 增刊: 171
7 E.J.约德, M.W.韦特捷. 路面设计原理. 陈炳麟, 等译.人民交通出版社, 1983:331~343
8 PAVMENT Design and Evaluation Committee. CGRA. Pavement Evaluation Studies in Canada. proceedings,Second International Conference on the structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, University of Michigan, Michigan, 1967: 150~160
9 Brown, S.F. Achievements and Challenges in Asphalt Pavement Engineering. Proceedings, 8th International Conference on Asphalt Pavements, Vol.3, 1997:19~41
10 AASHO. AASHO Interim Guide for Design of Pavement Structures-1972. Washington, D.C., 1972: 56~78
11 AASHTO. Proposed AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures. NCHRP Project 20-7/24.Vol.2, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officaials, 1985: 99~106
12 AASHTO. Guide for Design of Pavement Structures. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officaials, 1986: 47~61
13 邓学钧, 黄晓明. 路面设计原理与方法. 人民交通出版社, 2001: 290~302
14 孙立军. 沥青路面结构行为理论. 人民交通出版社, 2005: 5~9 15~21
15 PEATTIE. A Fundamental Approach to the Desian of Flexible Pav-ement.Proceddings, International Conference on the Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, Ann Arbor, 1962: 403~411
16 Dormon. The Extension to Practice of a Fundamental Procedure for Flexible Pavements. Proceedings, International Conference on the Structural Design of Asphalt Pavement. Ann Arbor, 1962: 785~793
17 SHELL Inernational Petroleum Co.Ltd. Shell Pavement Design Manual-Asphalt Pavements and Overlays for Road Traffic, London, 1978: 120~144
18 C.P. Vakering, F.D.R. Stapel, J. Lijzenga. The SHELL Pavement Design Method on a Personal Computer.Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Asphalt Pavement, Nottingham: ISAP, 1992: 3~29
19 NCHRP. 2002 Design Guide: Design of New and Rehabilitation Pavements Structures(Draft Final Document). 2003: 107~112
20 郭大智, 冯德成. 层状弹性体系力学. 哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2001: 1~5
21 中华人民共和国行业技术标准. 公路沥青路面设计规范(JTJ014-97). 人民交通出版社, 1997: 1~2
22 叶国铮. 柔性路面疲劳与优化设计. 人民交通出版社, 1989: 33~50
23 郑健龙, 周志刚, 张起森. 沥青路面抗裂设计理论与方法. 人民交通出版社, 2003: 78~90
24 张肖宁. 实验粘弹原理. 哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社, 1990: 12~20
25 姚祖康. 沥青路面设计指标体系. 研究报告, 2003: 2~6
26 沈金安. 国外沥青路面设计方法总汇. 人民交通出版社, 2004:70~112
27 德国道路交通研究会. 联邦德国沥青手册. 田其轩译. 重庆交通科学研究设计院, 2003:15~36
28 德国道路交通研究会. 联邦德国沥青路面施工补充技术合同条件及规范. 田其轩译. 重庆交通科学研究设计院, 2004:9~10
29 张登良. 沥青路面工程手册. 人民交通出版社, 2004: 13~18 384~394
30 梁锡三, 唐有君. 柔性路面设计. 人民交通出版社, 1982:179~188
31 姚祖康. 铺面工程. 人民交通出版社, 2001:107~110
32 陈忠达, 武建民, 张小荣, 徐强. 干线公路沥青路面典型结构的研究. 公路交通科技. 2001, 18(2): 9~12
33 姚爱玲, 孙治军, 戴经梁. 河南省沥青路面典型结构设计方法. 西安公路交通大学学报. 1999, 19(3): 18~21
34 李宇峙, 刘朝晖.湖北省半刚性基层沥青路面典型结构. 公路. 1996, (1): 39~43
35 申爱琴, 孙增智, 王小明. 陕西沥青路面典型结构设计参数敏感性分析.内蒙古公路与运输. 2001, (1): 31~33
36 袁吐林. 青海省公路柔性路面典型结构设计.青海交通科技. 1996, (2): 20~25
37 杨永红, 王选仓, 韩国杰,等. 甘肃黄土地区高等级公路沥青路面典型结构研究. 公路交通科技. 2004, (10): 37~40
38 林有贵, 罗竞. 广西沥青路面典型结构的研究. 广西交通科技. 2000, (S1): 15~18
39 查旭东, 武和平, 张起森. 中南片区高等级公路半刚性基层沥青路面典型结构的研究. 中国公路学报, 1998, 11(3): 1~8
40 韩凤华, 何光, 许志鸿, 左明文. 关于安徽省公路柔性路面典型结构的研究(一). 华东公路. 1997, 106(3): 76~80
41 杨士炯. 关于调整天津市沥青路面典型结构的建议. 天津建设科技. 1994, (1): 15~19
42 沈金安. 沥青及沥青混合料路用性能. 人民交通出版社, 2001: 78~100
43 沈金安. 改性沥青与 SMA 路面. 人民交通出版社, 1999: 38~145 148~249
44 吕伟民. 沥青混合料设计原理与方法. 同济大学出版社, 2001: 260~270
45 沙庆林. 多碎石沥青混凝土 SAC 系列的设计与施工.人民交通出版社, 2005: 82~96
46 沙庆林. 公路面层的技术状况和发展方向. 公路. 2003, (8): 2~6
47 王哲人, 曹建新, 王龙, 等. 级配碎石混合料的动力变形特性研究.中国公路学报. 2003, 16(1): 22~26
48 胡珊, 任瑞波, 王树森, 等. 具有碎石基层的半刚性沥青混凝土路面的非线性有限元分析. 公路.2003, (10): 50~54
49 赵济. 中国自然地理. 高等教育出版社, 2003: 5
50 赵汝植. 西南区自然区划探讨. 西南大学学报, 1997: 4
51 谢守穆. 建筑气候区划标准介绍. 建筑科学. 1994(4): 34
52 汪应洛. 系统工程理论、方法与应用. 高等教育出版社, 1998: 3~10
53 冯德成. 半刚性基层冻融损伤及其抗冻性能研究. 哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文. 2006: 90~96
54 王哲人, 冯德成, 辛德刚, 等. 寒冷地区高速公路沥青路面的水损害. 中国公路学会学术交流论文集, 北京, 中国公路杂志社, 1999: 174~179
55 刘志明, 王哲人. 沥青路面水损害与车辙的分析研究. 公路交通科技. 2004, 21(8): 1~5
56 包秀宁, 李燕枫, 王哲人. 空隙结构对沥青混合料抗水损害性能的影响. 中南公路工程. 2004, 29(3): 66~68
57 王抒音, 王哲人. 提高沥青混合料抗水损害新技术. 石油大学学报(自然科学版). 2002, 26(6):95~101
58 侯相深, 马松林, 王彩霞. 基于行车安全的沥青路面车辙测量与评价指标的研究. 公路交通科技. 2006, 23(8): 15~19
59 E. Omar. Evaluation of Rutting Behavior or DensityDeficient Asphalt Mixtures. 2003: 30~60
60 辛德刚, 王哲人. 高速公路沥青路面材料与结构. 人民交通出版社, 2002: 23~45
61 杨阳. 高速公路沥青路面结构剪应力三维有限元分析. 哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 44~48
62 哈尔滨工业大学道路研究所. 寒冷地区水泥混凝土路面沥青加铺层功能设计的研究. 研究报告. 2002: 40~67
63 孟书涛, 魏道新. SMA 沥青路面抗车辙性能研究.公路交通科技. 2005, 22(12): 5~8
64 沈金安等, 高速公路早期病害预防措施的研究, 研究报告. 2004: 54
65 聂鹏, 曲向进, 刘奉侨, 等.沈大高速公路改扩建工程软土地基处理技术分析. 公路交通科技. 2005, (10): 61~64
66 聂鹏, 曲向进, 刘奉侨, 等. 沈大高速公路改扩建工程路基加宽容许工后不均匀沉降指标研究. 公路交通科技. 2005, 22(11): 18~20
67 刘奉侨, 曲向进, 聂鹏. 沈大高速公路改扩建工程路基加宽技术. 辽宁交通科技. 2005,1(1):24~26
68 刘奉侨, 曲向进, 聂鹏. 沈大路改扩建工程路基实验路软基试验结果分析. 辽宁交通科技. 2005, 6(76): 34~36
69 徐光辉, 崔清川. 沈大高速公路改扩建工程路基压实质量过程控制技术的研究.研究报告. 2004: 34~38
70 聂鹏, 徐光辉, 王哲人. 对石渣在振动压实过程中永久变形的动态控制. 公路交通科技. 2006, 23(5): 26~28
71 孟莹. 辽宁大风气候特征及风能资源分析. 南京信息工程大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 40~58
72 王治江, 李培军, 王延松, 等. 辽宁省生态功能分区研究.生态学杂志. 2005, 25(11): 1341~1344
73 陈仁升, 康尔泗, 吴立宗, 等.中国寒区分布探讨.冰川冻土. 2005, 27(4): 469~475
74 刘吉峰, 李世杰, 丁裕国, 等.一种用于中国年最高(低)气温区划的新的聚类方法. 高原气象. 2005, 24(6): 966~973
75 中华人民共和国交通部行业标准. 公路自然区划标准(JTJ003-86). 人民交通出版社, 1987: 2
76 姚祖康. 公路设计手册——路面. 第二版. 人民交通出版社, 1999: 25~26
77 马兆有. 东部温润季冻区公路三级自然区划研究. 哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 2~6 30~34 63
78 辽宁省地质矿产局. 辽宁省区域地质志. 地质出版社. 1989: 124
79 西安公路学院道路教研室. 论中国公路自然区划.汽车与公路, 1975: 3~9
80 叶成.甘肃黄土分类分区与公路区划研究. 长安大学硕士学位论文, 2000:
17~26
81 赵汝植. 西南区自然区划探讨. 西南大学学报. 1997, 4: 89
82 王彩华, 连天. 模糊论方法学. 中国建筑工业出版社, 1998: 47~51
83 Kent Newman,Vincent Janoo. Evaluation of Thermal Cracking at Elmendorf AFB Using SHRP Technology. Perf. Constr. Fac. 1999, 76:1120~1124
84 Yongqi Li ,John B. Metcalf. Crack Initiation Model from Asphalt Slab Tests. J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. 2002, 14: 303
85 A. M. Hartman, M. D. Gilchrist, G. Walsh. Effect of Mixture Compaction on Indirect Tensile Stiffness and Fatigue, J. Transp. Engrg. 2001, 37: 127
86 Soleymani, Hamid-Reza. Viscoelastic characterization of blended binders for asphalt pavement recycling. The University of Saskatchewan (Canada). Ph.D.1998: 88~95
87 Tighe, Susan Louise. An integrated model to assess asphalt cement quality on low-temperature performance and life cycle cost. University of Waterloo (Canada). Ph.D. 2000:43~56
88 Ntekim, Akpanika Nyong Ekpo. Effects of moisture on asphalt-rubber mixtures using Superpave .Polytechnic University. Ph.D.2002:78~84
89 Winne, J. Chris. Fractal pattern analysis derived from image segmentation ofclassified thematic mapper imagery: A multi-scale regionalization in Maine and North Dakota, United States of America. University of Maine. Ph.D.2000:143~149
90 Donovan, John Alton. The impact of globalization and regionalization on the transmission of economic growth from developed countries to less developed countries. Northeastern University. Ph.D.2003:2~9
91 Abdulla, Fayez Ahmad .Regionalization of a macroscale hydrological model. University of Washington. Ph.D.1995:45~54
92 Andrade, Eunice Maia. Regionalization of average annual runoff models for ungaged watersheds in arid and semiarid regions. The University of Arizona. Ph.D.1997:112~123
93 Durant, Dolores G. .Orbicular diorite of Fisher Lake, California: Reverse zoning and oscillatory precipitation mechanisms. University of Ottawa (Canada). Ph.D.2001:107~111
94 Pooni, Gary (Gurdeep) Singh.Land use controls and zoning: An initial implementation strategy for the Downtown New Westminster Action Plan (British Columbia). University of Calgary (Canada). ,M.E.Des. 1998:15~18
95 Boric, Ricardo. Geology, mineral zoning, and lithochemistry of the el Soldado manto type copper deposit, Chile. Dalhousie University (Canada). M.E.Des .2002:22~36
96 Daniel, Christopher G. Garnet growth patterns and processes: An analysis of the three-dimensional spatial distribution and compositional zoning patterns in metamorphic garnet from northwest Connecticut and Harpswell Neck, M. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Ph.D.1998:78~84
97 Huang, Jianxin. Special zoning strategy in the People's Republic of China: State capacity and policy implementation. The University of Tennessee. Ph.D.1998:39~52
98 Stoertz, Mary Wilder.A new method for mapping groundwater recharge areas and for zoning recharge for an inverse model. The University of Wisconsin - Madison. Ph.D.1989:99~108
99 Yang, Panseok. Trace element partitioning between coexisting metamorphic minerals and trace element zoning in metamorphic minerals from Gagnon terrane, western Labrador. Memorial University of Newfoundland(Canada). Ph.D.2001:9~16
100 Wallace, Glen S. Constraints on magma mixing and heterogeneity from correlation of compositional zoning in plagioclase. University of Washington. Ph.D.2004:118~123
101 A.W. Skempton, L.A. Bjerrum. Contribution to the Settlement Analysis of Foundation on Clay. Geotech. 1957:54~88
102 孟莹. 辽宁大风气候特征及风能资源分析. 南京信息工程大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 40~58
103 王治江, 李培军, 王延松, 等. 辽宁省生态功能分区研究. 生态学杂志. 2005, 25(11): 1341~1344
104 邓学钧, 孙璐. 车辆—地面结构系统动力学.人民交通出版社, 1998: 34
105 刘吉峰, 李世杰, 丁裕国, 等. 一种用于中国年最高(低)气温区划的新的聚类方法. 高原气象. 2005, 24(6): 966~973
106 杨勤业, 郑度, 吴绍洪, 等. 20 世纪 50 年代以来中国综合自然地理研究进展. 地理研究, 2005, (6):119~120
107 秦年秀, 姜彤. 基于 GIS 的长江中下游地区洪灾风险分区及评价. 自然灾害学报. 2005, (5): 29~34
108 鲁光银, 韩旭里, 朱自强, 等. 地质灾害综合评估与区划模型. 中南大学学报(自然科学版). 2005, (5): 128~134
109 王勇毅, 肖克炎, 李小鹏, 等. 全国固体矿产资源区划数据库建设. 矿床地质. 2005, (5): 56~61
110 张碧琴, 李江华, 田茂杰, 等. 新疆公路三级区划设计参数的研究. 中国公路学报. 2005, (3): 46
111 张碧琴, 田茂杰, 叶亚丽, 等. 新疆公路三级自然区划划分原则和方法. 长安大学学报(自然科学版). 2005, (5): 29~33
112 张碧琴, 李霞, 李江华, 等.新疆公路三级自然区划标志体系的建立. 长安大学学报(自然科学版). 2005, (4): 21~25
113 黄玮琼, 吴宣. 地震统计区活动性参数与潜在震源区划分的关联性及对危险性估计的影响. 地震学报. 2005, (4): 100~105
114 张碧琴, 李霞, 李江华, 等. 新疆公路三级区划中环境参数的提出.公路. 2005, (5): 67~70
115 吕红亮, 杜鹏飞. 灰色系统方法在县域生态区划中的应用. 城市环境与城市生态. 2005, (3): 41~43
116 吴珍汉, 周春景, 王薇等. 青藏铁路沿线构造活动性评价和工程稳定性区划. 地质通报. 2005, (5): 401~410
117 唐川, 朱静. 基于 GIS 的山洪灾害风险区划. 地理学报. 2005, (1):123~126
118 吴绍洪, 戴尔阜, 何大明. 我国西南纵向岭谷区环境与发展问题初步研究.地理科学进展. 2005, (1): 31~40
119 田扬戈, 边馥苓. 基于概念聚类和面向属性归纳的区划分析. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版). 2005, (1): 86~88
120 赵迁乔, 宋夫才.公路自然区划的原则、方法及指标选取的探讨.公路. 2005, (1): 15~20
121 刘闯. 中尺度对地观测系统支持下中国综合自然地理区划新方法论研究.地理科学进展. 2004, (6): 1~9
122 张汉舟, 张小荣. 甘肃省公路三级自然区划研究.公路交通科技. 2004, (9): 37~39
123 黄崇福, 张俊香.自然灾害风险区划图的一个潜在发展方向. 自然灾害学报. 2004, (2): 34~36
124 蔡乃森. 我国季冻区高级公路黑色路面的抗冻厚度问题. 哈尔滨建筑工程学院校庆六十周年论文选编, 哈尔滨, 1980: 2~5
125 Duane Hanselman, Bruce Littlefield.精通 Matlab 7. 清华大学出版社, 2006:
3~6
126 B. Magrab. MATLAB 原理与工程应用. 高会生等译. 第二版. 电子工业出版社, 2006: 4~10
127 J.Dempoey. Climatic-Materiale-Stractural Pavement Analysis Program. TRR1095: 456~461
2 沙庆林. 高速公路沥青路面早期破坏现象及预防. 人民交通出版社, 2003: 380
3 沙庆林. 高等级公路半刚性基层沥青路面. 人民交通出版社, 1999:364
4 王哲人. 高速交通对沥青路面工程技术发展的影响. 哈尔滨建筑大学学报. 1995, 28(2):1~9
5 刘奉侨, 曲向进, 马松林, 等. 沈大路改扩建工程路基实验路软基试验结果分析. 辽宁交通科技. 2005, 增刊: 76
6 聂鹏, 王玉泉, 吴海英. 超大跨隧道开挖室内模型实验研究. 辽宁交通科技. 2005, 增刊: 171
7 E.J.约德, M.W.韦特捷. 路面设计原理. 陈炳麟, 等译.人民交通出版社, 1983:331~343
8 PAVMENT Design and Evaluation Committee. CGRA. Pavement Evaluation Studies in Canada. proceedings,Second International Conference on the structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, University of Michigan, Michigan, 1967: 150~160
9 Brown, S.F. Achievements and Challenges in Asphalt Pavement Engineering. Proceedings, 8th International Conference on Asphalt Pavements, Vol.3, 1997:19~41
10 AASHO. AASHO Interim Guide for Design of Pavement Structures-1972. Washington, D.C., 1972: 56~78
11 AASHTO. Proposed AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures. NCHRP Project 20-7/24.Vol.2, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officaials, 1985: 99~106
12 AASHTO. Guide for Design of Pavement Structures. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officaials, 1986: 47~61
13 邓学钧, 黄晓明. 路面设计原理与方法. 人民交通出版社, 2001: 290~302
14 孙立军. 沥青路面结构行为理论. 人民交通出版社, 2005: 5~9 15~21
15 PEATTIE. A Fundamental Approach to the Desian of Flexible Pav-ement.Proceddings, International Conference on the Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, Ann Arbor, 1962: 403~411
16 Dormon. The Extension to Practice of a Fundamental Procedure for Flexible Pavements. Proceedings, International Conference on the Structural Design of Asphalt Pavement. Ann Arbor, 1962: 785~793
17 SHELL Inernational Petroleum Co.Ltd. Shell Pavement Design Manual-Asphalt Pavements and Overlays for Road Traffic, London, 1978: 120~144
18 C.P. Vakering, F.D.R. Stapel, J. Lijzenga. The SHELL Pavement Design Method on a Personal Computer.Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Asphalt Pavement, Nottingham: ISAP, 1992: 3~29
19 NCHRP. 2002 Design Guide: Design of New and Rehabilitation Pavements Structures(Draft Final Document). 2003: 107~112
20 郭大智, 冯德成. 层状弹性体系力学. 哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2001: 1~5
21 中华人民共和国行业技术标准. 公路沥青路面设计规范(JTJ014-97). 人民交通出版社, 1997: 1~2
22 叶国铮. 柔性路面疲劳与优化设计. 人民交通出版社, 1989: 33~50
23 郑健龙, 周志刚, 张起森. 沥青路面抗裂设计理论与方法. 人民交通出版社, 2003: 78~90
24 张肖宁. 实验粘弹原理. 哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社, 1990: 12~20
25 姚祖康. 沥青路面设计指标体系. 研究报告, 2003: 2~6
26 沈金安. 国外沥青路面设计方法总汇. 人民交通出版社, 2004:70~112
27 德国道路交通研究会. 联邦德国沥青手册. 田其轩译. 重庆交通科学研究设计院, 2003:15~36
28 德国道路交通研究会. 联邦德国沥青路面施工补充技术合同条件及规范. 田其轩译. 重庆交通科学研究设计院, 2004:9~10
29 张登良. 沥青路面工程手册. 人民交通出版社, 2004: 13~18 384~394
30 梁锡三, 唐有君. 柔性路面设计. 人民交通出版社, 1982:179~188
31 姚祖康. 铺面工程. 人民交通出版社, 2001:107~110
32 陈忠达, 武建民, 张小荣, 徐强. 干线公路沥青路面典型结构的研究. 公路交通科技. 2001, 18(2): 9~12
33 姚爱玲, 孙治军, 戴经梁. 河南省沥青路面典型结构设计方法. 西安公路交通大学学报. 1999, 19(3): 18~21
34 李宇峙, 刘朝晖.湖北省半刚性基层沥青路面典型结构. 公路. 1996, (1): 39~43
35 申爱琴, 孙增智, 王小明. 陕西沥青路面典型结构设计参数敏感性分析.内蒙古公路与运输. 2001, (1): 31~33
36 袁吐林. 青海省公路柔性路面典型结构设计.青海交通科技. 1996, (2): 20~25
37 杨永红, 王选仓, 韩国杰,等. 甘肃黄土地区高等级公路沥青路面典型结构研究. 公路交通科技. 2004, (10): 37~40
38 林有贵, 罗竞. 广西沥青路面典型结构的研究. 广西交通科技. 2000, (S1): 15~18
39 查旭东, 武和平, 张起森. 中南片区高等级公路半刚性基层沥青路面典型结构的研究. 中国公路学报, 1998, 11(3): 1~8
40 韩凤华, 何光, 许志鸿, 左明文. 关于安徽省公路柔性路面典型结构的研究(一). 华东公路. 1997, 106(3): 76~80
41 杨士炯. 关于调整天津市沥青路面典型结构的建议. 天津建设科技. 1994, (1): 15~19
42 沈金安. 沥青及沥青混合料路用性能. 人民交通出版社, 2001: 78~100
43 沈金安. 改性沥青与 SMA 路面. 人民交通出版社, 1999: 38~145 148~249
44 吕伟民. 沥青混合料设计原理与方法. 同济大学出版社, 2001: 260~270
45 沙庆林. 多碎石沥青混凝土 SAC 系列的设计与施工.人民交通出版社, 2005: 82~96
46 沙庆林. 公路面层的技术状况和发展方向. 公路. 2003, (8): 2~6
47 王哲人, 曹建新, 王龙, 等. 级配碎石混合料的动力变形特性研究.中国公路学报. 2003, 16(1): 22~26
48 胡珊, 任瑞波, 王树森, 等. 具有碎石基层的半刚性沥青混凝土路面的非线性有限元分析. 公路.2003, (10): 50~54
49 赵济. 中国自然地理. 高等教育出版社, 2003: 5
50 赵汝植. 西南区自然区划探讨. 西南大学学报, 1997: 4
51 谢守穆. 建筑气候区划标准介绍. 建筑科学. 1994(4): 34
52 汪应洛. 系统工程理论、方法与应用. 高等教育出版社, 1998: 3~10
53 冯德成. 半刚性基层冻融损伤及其抗冻性能研究. 哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文. 2006: 90~96
54 王哲人, 冯德成, 辛德刚, 等. 寒冷地区高速公路沥青路面的水损害. 中国公路学会学术交流论文集, 北京, 中国公路杂志社, 1999: 174~179
55 刘志明, 王哲人. 沥青路面水损害与车辙的分析研究. 公路交通科技. 2004, 21(8): 1~5
56 包秀宁, 李燕枫, 王哲人. 空隙结构对沥青混合料抗水损害性能的影响. 中南公路工程. 2004, 29(3): 66~68
57 王抒音, 王哲人. 提高沥青混合料抗水损害新技术. 石油大学学报(自然科学版). 2002, 26(6):95~101
58 侯相深, 马松林, 王彩霞. 基于行车安全的沥青路面车辙测量与评价指标的研究. 公路交通科技. 2006, 23(8): 15~19
59 E. Omar. Evaluation of Rutting Behavior or DensityDeficient Asphalt Mixtures. 2003: 30~60
60 辛德刚, 王哲人. 高速公路沥青路面材料与结构. 人民交通出版社, 2002: 23~45
61 杨阳. 高速公路沥青路面结构剪应力三维有限元分析. 哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 44~48
62 哈尔滨工业大学道路研究所. 寒冷地区水泥混凝土路面沥青加铺层功能设计的研究. 研究报告. 2002: 40~67
63 孟书涛, 魏道新. SMA 沥青路面抗车辙性能研究.公路交通科技. 2005, 22(12): 5~8
64 沈金安等, 高速公路早期病害预防措施的研究, 研究报告. 2004: 54
65 聂鹏, 曲向进, 刘奉侨, 等.沈大高速公路改扩建工程软土地基处理技术分析. 公路交通科技. 2005, (10): 61~64
66 聂鹏, 曲向进, 刘奉侨, 等. 沈大高速公路改扩建工程路基加宽容许工后不均匀沉降指标研究. 公路交通科技. 2005, 22(11): 18~20
67 刘奉侨, 曲向进, 聂鹏. 沈大高速公路改扩建工程路基加宽技术. 辽宁交通科技. 2005,1(1):24~26
68 刘奉侨, 曲向进, 聂鹏. 沈大路改扩建工程路基实验路软基试验结果分析. 辽宁交通科技. 2005, 6(76): 34~36
69 徐光辉, 崔清川. 沈大高速公路改扩建工程路基压实质量过程控制技术的研究.研究报告. 2004: 34~38
70 聂鹏, 徐光辉, 王哲人. 对石渣在振动压实过程中永久变形的动态控制. 公路交通科技. 2006, 23(5): 26~28
71 孟莹. 辽宁大风气候特征及风能资源分析. 南京信息工程大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 40~58
72 王治江, 李培军, 王延松, 等. 辽宁省生态功能分区研究.生态学杂志. 2005, 25(11): 1341~1344
73 陈仁升, 康尔泗, 吴立宗, 等.中国寒区分布探讨.冰川冻土. 2005, 27(4): 469~475
74 刘吉峰, 李世杰, 丁裕国, 等.一种用于中国年最高(低)气温区划的新的聚类方法. 高原气象. 2005, 24(6): 966~973
75 中华人民共和国交通部行业标准. 公路自然区划标准(JTJ003-86). 人民交通出版社, 1987: 2
76 姚祖康. 公路设计手册——路面. 第二版. 人民交通出版社, 1999: 25~26
77 马兆有. 东部温润季冻区公路三级自然区划研究. 哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 2~6 30~34 63
78 辽宁省地质矿产局. 辽宁省区域地质志. 地质出版社. 1989: 124
79 西安公路学院道路教研室. 论中国公路自然区划.汽车与公路, 1975: 3~9
80 叶成.甘肃黄土分类分区与公路区划研究. 长安大学硕士学位论文, 2000:
17~26
81 赵汝植. 西南区自然区划探讨. 西南大学学报. 1997, 4: 89
82 王彩华, 连天. 模糊论方法学. 中国建筑工业出版社, 1998: 47~51
83 Kent Newman,Vincent Janoo. Evaluation of Thermal Cracking at Elmendorf AFB Using SHRP Technology. Perf. Constr. Fac. 1999, 76:1120~1124
84 Yongqi Li ,John B. Metcalf. Crack Initiation Model from Asphalt Slab Tests. J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. 2002, 14: 303
85 A. M. Hartman, M. D. Gilchrist, G. Walsh. Effect of Mixture Compaction on Indirect Tensile Stiffness and Fatigue, J. Transp. Engrg. 2001, 37: 127
86 Soleymani, Hamid-Reza. Viscoelastic characterization of blended binders for asphalt pavement recycling. The University of Saskatchewan (Canada). Ph.D.1998: 88~95
87 Tighe, Susan Louise. An integrated model to assess asphalt cement quality on low-temperature performance and life cycle cost. University of Waterloo (Canada). Ph.D. 2000:43~56
88 Ntekim, Akpanika Nyong Ekpo. Effects of moisture on asphalt-rubber mixtures using Superpave .Polytechnic University. Ph.D.2002:78~84
89 Winne, J. Chris. Fractal pattern analysis derived from image segmentation ofclassified thematic mapper imagery: A multi-scale regionalization in Maine and North Dakota, United States of America. University of Maine. Ph.D.2000:143~149
90 Donovan, John Alton. The impact of globalization and regionalization on the transmission of economic growth from developed countries to less developed countries. Northeastern University. Ph.D.2003:2~9
91 Abdulla, Fayez Ahmad .Regionalization of a macroscale hydrological model. University of Washington. Ph.D.1995:45~54
92 Andrade, Eunice Maia. Regionalization of average annual runoff models for ungaged watersheds in arid and semiarid regions. The University of Arizona. Ph.D.1997:112~123
93 Durant, Dolores G. .Orbicular diorite of Fisher Lake, California: Reverse zoning and oscillatory precipitation mechanisms. University of Ottawa (Canada). Ph.D.2001:107~111
94 Pooni, Gary (Gurdeep) Singh.Land use controls and zoning: An initial implementation strategy for the Downtown New Westminster Action Plan (British Columbia). University of Calgary (Canada). ,M.E.Des. 1998:15~18
95 Boric, Ricardo. Geology, mineral zoning, and lithochemistry of the el Soldado manto type copper deposit, Chile. Dalhousie University (Canada). M.E.Des .2002:22~36
96 Daniel, Christopher G. Garnet growth patterns and processes: An analysis of the three-dimensional spatial distribution and compositional zoning patterns in metamorphic garnet from northwest Connecticut and Harpswell Neck, M. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Ph.D.1998:78~84
97 Huang, Jianxin. Special zoning strategy in the People's Republic of China: State capacity and policy implementation. The University of Tennessee. Ph.D.1998:39~52
98 Stoertz, Mary Wilder.A new method for mapping groundwater recharge areas and for zoning recharge for an inverse model. The University of Wisconsin - Madison. Ph.D.1989:99~108
99 Yang, Panseok. Trace element partitioning between coexisting metamorphic minerals and trace element zoning in metamorphic minerals from Gagnon terrane, western Labrador. Memorial University of Newfoundland(Canada). Ph.D.2001:9~16
100 Wallace, Glen S. Constraints on magma mixing and heterogeneity from correlation of compositional zoning in plagioclase. University of Washington. Ph.D.2004:118~123
101 A.W. Skempton, L.A. Bjerrum. Contribution to the Settlement Analysis of Foundation on Clay. Geotech. 1957:54~88
102 孟莹. 辽宁大风气候特征及风能资源分析. 南京信息工程大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 40~58
103 王治江, 李培军, 王延松, 等. 辽宁省生态功能分区研究. 生态学杂志. 2005, 25(11): 1341~1344
104 邓学钧, 孙璐. 车辆—地面结构系统动力学.人民交通出版社, 1998: 34
105 刘吉峰, 李世杰, 丁裕国, 等. 一种用于中国年最高(低)气温区划的新的聚类方法. 高原气象. 2005, 24(6): 966~973
106 杨勤业, 郑度, 吴绍洪, 等. 20 世纪 50 年代以来中国综合自然地理研究进展. 地理研究, 2005, (6):119~120
107 秦年秀, 姜彤. 基于 GIS 的长江中下游地区洪灾风险分区及评价. 自然灾害学报. 2005, (5): 29~34
108 鲁光银, 韩旭里, 朱自强, 等. 地质灾害综合评估与区划模型. 中南大学学报(自然科学版). 2005, (5): 128~134
109 王勇毅, 肖克炎, 李小鹏, 等. 全国固体矿产资源区划数据库建设. 矿床地质. 2005, (5): 56~61
110 张碧琴, 李江华, 田茂杰, 等. 新疆公路三级区划设计参数的研究. 中国公路学报. 2005, (3): 46
111 张碧琴, 田茂杰, 叶亚丽, 等. 新疆公路三级自然区划划分原则和方法. 长安大学学报(自然科学版). 2005, (5): 29~33
112 张碧琴, 李霞, 李江华, 等.新疆公路三级自然区划标志体系的建立. 长安大学学报(自然科学版). 2005, (4): 21~25
113 黄玮琼, 吴宣. 地震统计区活动性参数与潜在震源区划分的关联性及对危险性估计的影响. 地震学报. 2005, (4): 100~105
114 张碧琴, 李霞, 李江华, 等. 新疆公路三级区划中环境参数的提出.公路. 2005, (5): 67~70
115 吕红亮, 杜鹏飞. 灰色系统方法在县域生态区划中的应用. 城市环境与城市生态. 2005, (3): 41~43
116 吴珍汉, 周春景, 王薇等. 青藏铁路沿线构造活动性评价和工程稳定性区划. 地质通报. 2005, (5): 401~410
117 唐川, 朱静. 基于 GIS 的山洪灾害风险区划. 地理学报. 2005, (1):123~126
118 吴绍洪, 戴尔阜, 何大明. 我国西南纵向岭谷区环境与发展问题初步研究.地理科学进展. 2005, (1): 31~40
119 田扬戈, 边馥苓. 基于概念聚类和面向属性归纳的区划分析. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版). 2005, (1): 86~88
120 赵迁乔, 宋夫才.公路自然区划的原则、方法及指标选取的探讨.公路. 2005, (1): 15~20
121 刘闯. 中尺度对地观测系统支持下中国综合自然地理区划新方法论研究.地理科学进展. 2004, (6): 1~9
122 张汉舟, 张小荣. 甘肃省公路三级自然区划研究.公路交通科技. 2004, (9): 37~39
123 黄崇福, 张俊香.自然灾害风险区划图的一个潜在发展方向. 自然灾害学报. 2004, (2): 34~36
124 蔡乃森. 我国季冻区高级公路黑色路面的抗冻厚度问题. 哈尔滨建筑工程学院校庆六十周年论文选编, 哈尔滨, 1980: 2~5
125 Duane Hanselman, Bruce Littlefield.精通 Matlab 7. 清华大学出版社, 2006:
3~6
126 B. Magrab. MATLAB 原理与工程应用. 高会生等译. 第二版. 电子工业出版社, 2006: 4~10
127 J.Dempoey. Climatic-Materiale-Stractural Pavement Analysis Program. TRR1095: 456~461