大跨度混凝土斜拉桥服役期时变效应研究
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摘要
大跨度混凝土斜拉桥以其良好的结构性能和优美的造型景观在现代大跨度桥梁中得到广泛应用，但目前所修建的混凝土斜拉桥中，服役期间的线形和索力都较成桥的设计状态发生了较大的改变。本文以岳阳洞庭湖三塔斜拉桥为工程背景，展开对大跨度混凝土斜拉桥服役期间的时变效应研究。
针对目前的收缩徐变预测模式，选取CEB-FIP90，ACI209(92)，RILEM B3以及GL2000四种混凝土收缩徐变预测模式，基于相同的条件下，并针对收缩徐变的影响因素，对四种预测模式的收缩和徐变进行了参数分析。
根据岳阳洞庭湖大桥的混凝土强度，选取相同配比的C60高强度混凝土进行收缩徐变试验研究，高强度混凝土试验研究主要分为标准试验环境和自然环境下C60高强度混凝土的收缩和徐变试验，通过一系列的标准试验环境和自然环境下的收缩和徐变试验，找出标准试验环境和自然环境下C60高强度混凝土的收缩和徐变规律，并通过试件组对配筋的C60高强度混凝土的收缩徐变规律进行了分析研究，还针对ACI209(92)收缩徐变预测模式不考虑混凝土强度的影响因素进行了修正，并通过试验数据与修正的ACI209(92)-X模式进行了分析比较。
通过将π型截面的主梁分解为两个边肋和桥面板的组合板梁单元，把每个构件视为子单元，然后分别推导各类子单元的刚度矩阵，再利用位移协调关系，推导各子单元位移参数与组合板梁单元位移参数之间的关系。通过位移参数转换矩阵，把各子单元组拼为组合π型板梁单元，并将π型的板梁单元嵌入ANSYS分析软件，利用ANSYS软件提供的UPFs平台，实现了用户自定义单元。算例和实验证明，用户自定义单元的计算分析均能取得较好的分析效果，而且利用该单元计算分析较节省资源。通过用户单元以及beam188单元建立ANSYS模型并根据ACI209(92)-X修正的收缩徐变预测模式和CEB-FIP90收缩徐变预测模式等对洞庭湖大桥的收缩徐变效应进行了分析，并总结了收缩徐变效应下洞庭湖大桥的内力和线形的规律。
针对混凝土的π型主梁的温度场，通过理论推导证明板件内外表面的温度场存在时间滞后性的关系，并通过ANSYS及理论推导研究了板件厚度、混凝土的热物理参数以及当地自然条件对主梁温度场的影响，得出结论如下：板件厚度的改变不会影响该板件外表面的温度；混凝土的热物理参数对混凝土π型主梁的温度场影响较小；外界风速对π型主梁温度场的影响较小；并根据洞庭湖大桥的温度场分布，采用ANSYS有限元模型并针对洞庭湖大桥温度场效应的影响因素进行了参数分析。
针对斜拉索在服役期出现拉索损伤及索力松弛等现象，根据金属材料疲劳损伤的应变等价原理和几何损伤理论，提出了在实际工作中拉索损伤程度的模拟方法；并在通过建立斜拉索微分方程边值问题及讨论索的收敛迭代解，建立了考虑拉索损伤和索力松弛影响的拉索状态的分析方法。
Long-span concrete cable-stayed bridge, with its good performance of the structure andbeautiful landscape modeling are widely used in modern long-span bridge, but the concretecable-stayed bridge in service, of which the linear and the cable forces are more into thedesign of the state has undergone a large change. Based on the background of YueyangDongting Lake Bridge, the research on the large span concrete cable-stayed bridge isdeveloped in service during the time-varying effect.
For the current shrinkage and creep prediction modes, the four groups (CEB-FIP90,ACI209(92), RILEM B3and GL2000) of shrinkage and creep prediction modes are choosento parameter analysis according to several important factors affecting the forecast of fourshrinkage and creep in the same conditions
Through a series of shrinkage and creep test on experimental environment and naturalenvironment, the laws of C60high-strength concrete creep and shrinkage on experimentalenvironment and natural environment are identified, and some laws are analyzed by specimengroups of high-strength reinforcement concrete shrinkage and creep, and the ACI209(92)mode which do not consider the factor affecting the strength of concrete is modified, andtheoretical data are analyzed and compared with actual experimental data.
The displacement transformation matrix of which each sub-units ultimately areassembled as combinations of pi-type element is derived, and the pi-type element isembedded in the ANSYS software to make use of UPFs platform to achieve a user-definedelement, and two examples show that computational analysis can obtain a better analyticalresults, and the user-defined element is more efficient resource. The creep and shrinkageeffects of Dongting Lake Bridge where the model is built by using the user-defined elementand beam188are analyzed in accordance with the ACI209(92)-X modified mode et al, andthe laws of internal forces and displacement on Dongting Lake Bridge are summarized underthe shrinkage and creep effects.
In connection with temperature field of the concrete pi-section main beam, it showsthrough theoretical analysis that temperature field of the plates inside and outside surface is inthe time lag relationship, and the factors are researched on the main beam temperature field including the plate thickness, the thermal physical properties of the concrete as well as localnatural conditions by ANSYS and theoretical derivation, and the conclusion shows that thechange of the thickness of the roof and side ribs is limited to the temperature of the outersurface of the plate, and thermophysical properties of concrete is little effect on temperaturefield of the concrete beam, and the speed of wind has less impact on temperature field of theconcrete beam. According to temperature distribution of the Dongting Lake Bridge, ANSYSfinite element models are used as parametric analysis where the important parameters affectthe temperature field of the Dongting Lake Bridge.
According to the phenomenon where steel cables are susceptible to damage and tend tostress relaxation in service, it is essential to take damage characteristics into account instructural analysis. By introducing equivalent-strain principle and geometrial damage theory,the corrsion mechanism of cable is described and a formulation solving the boundry problemwith the governing differenial equation of the service cable is formulated. With the proposedmethod, cable damage as well as stress relaxion has been taken into consideration, whichprovides a reliable technique with analyzing the geometric nonlinerity of cables of existinglong-span cable-stayed bridges.
针对目前的收缩徐变预测模式，选取CEB-FIP90，ACI209(92)，RILEM B3以及GL2000四种混凝土收缩徐变预测模式，基于相同的条件下，并针对收缩徐变的影响因素，对四种预测模式的收缩和徐变进行了参数分析。
根据岳阳洞庭湖大桥的混凝土强度，选取相同配比的C60高强度混凝土进行收缩徐变试验研究，高强度混凝土试验研究主要分为标准试验环境和自然环境下C60高强度混凝土的收缩和徐变试验，通过一系列的标准试验环境和自然环境下的收缩和徐变试验，找出标准试验环境和自然环境下C60高强度混凝土的收缩和徐变规律，并通过试件组对配筋的C60高强度混凝土的收缩徐变规律进行了分析研究，还针对ACI209(92)收缩徐变预测模式不考虑混凝土强度的影响因素进行了修正，并通过试验数据与修正的ACI209(92)-X模式进行了分析比较。
通过将π型截面的主梁分解为两个边肋和桥面板的组合板梁单元，把每个构件视为子单元，然后分别推导各类子单元的刚度矩阵，再利用位移协调关系，推导各子单元位移参数与组合板梁单元位移参数之间的关系。通过位移参数转换矩阵，把各子单元组拼为组合π型板梁单元，并将π型的板梁单元嵌入ANSYS分析软件，利用ANSYS软件提供的UPFs平台，实现了用户自定义单元。算例和实验证明，用户自定义单元的计算分析均能取得较好的分析效果，而且利用该单元计算分析较节省资源。通过用户单元以及beam188单元建立ANSYS模型并根据ACI209(92)-X修正的收缩徐变预测模式和CEB-FIP90收缩徐变预测模式等对洞庭湖大桥的收缩徐变效应进行了分析，并总结了收缩徐变效应下洞庭湖大桥的内力和线形的规律。
针对混凝土的π型主梁的温度场，通过理论推导证明板件内外表面的温度场存在时间滞后性的关系，并通过ANSYS及理论推导研究了板件厚度、混凝土的热物理参数以及当地自然条件对主梁温度场的影响，得出结论如下：板件厚度的改变不会影响该板件外表面的温度；混凝土的热物理参数对混凝土π型主梁的温度场影响较小；外界风速对π型主梁温度场的影响较小；并根据洞庭湖大桥的温度场分布，采用ANSYS有限元模型并针对洞庭湖大桥温度场效应的影响因素进行了参数分析。
针对斜拉索在服役期出现拉索损伤及索力松弛等现象，根据金属材料疲劳损伤的应变等价原理和几何损伤理论，提出了在实际工作中拉索损伤程度的模拟方法；并在通过建立斜拉索微分方程边值问题及讨论索的收敛迭代解，建立了考虑拉索损伤和索力松弛影响的拉索状态的分析方法。
Long-span concrete cable-stayed bridge, with its good performance of the structure andbeautiful landscape modeling are widely used in modern long-span bridge, but the concretecable-stayed bridge in service, of which the linear and the cable forces are more into thedesign of the state has undergone a large change. Based on the background of YueyangDongting Lake Bridge, the research on the large span concrete cable-stayed bridge isdeveloped in service during the time-varying effect.
For the current shrinkage and creep prediction modes, the four groups (CEB-FIP90,ACI209(92), RILEM B3and GL2000) of shrinkage and creep prediction modes are choosento parameter analysis according to several important factors affecting the forecast of fourshrinkage and creep in the same conditions
Through a series of shrinkage and creep test on experimental environment and naturalenvironment, the laws of C60high-strength concrete creep and shrinkage on experimentalenvironment and natural environment are identified, and some laws are analyzed by specimengroups of high-strength reinforcement concrete shrinkage and creep, and the ACI209(92)mode which do not consider the factor affecting the strength of concrete is modified, andtheoretical data are analyzed and compared with actual experimental data.
The displacement transformation matrix of which each sub-units ultimately areassembled as combinations of pi-type element is derived, and the pi-type element isembedded in the ANSYS software to make use of UPFs platform to achieve a user-definedelement, and two examples show that computational analysis can obtain a better analyticalresults, and the user-defined element is more efficient resource. The creep and shrinkageeffects of Dongting Lake Bridge where the model is built by using the user-defined elementand beam188are analyzed in accordance with the ACI209(92)-X modified mode et al, andthe laws of internal forces and displacement on Dongting Lake Bridge are summarized underthe shrinkage and creep effects.
In connection with temperature field of the concrete pi-section main beam, it showsthrough theoretical analysis that temperature field of the plates inside and outside surface is inthe time lag relationship, and the factors are researched on the main beam temperature field including the plate thickness, the thermal physical properties of the concrete as well as localnatural conditions by ANSYS and theoretical derivation, and the conclusion shows that thechange of the thickness of the roof and side ribs is limited to the temperature of the outersurface of the plate, and thermophysical properties of concrete is little effect on temperaturefield of the concrete beam, and the speed of wind has less impact on temperature field of theconcrete beam. According to temperature distribution of the Dongting Lake Bridge, ANSYSfinite element models are used as parametric analysis where the important parameters affectthe temperature field of the Dongting Lake Bridge.
According to the phenomenon where steel cables are susceptible to damage and tend tostress relaxation in service, it is essential to take damage characteristics into account instructural analysis. By introducing equivalent-strain principle and geometrial damage theory,the corrsion mechanism of cable is described and a formulation solving the boundry problemwith the governing differenial equation of the service cable is formulated. With the proposedmethod, cable damage as well as stress relaxion has been taken into consideration, whichprovides a reliable technique with analyzing the geometric nonlinerity of cables of existinglong-span cable-stayed bridges.
引文
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