集群式供应链环境下企业互操作若干问题研究
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摘要
在经济全球化环境下,企业不再是孤立的个体,传统的企业与企业之间的竞争也逐渐演变为以企业为中心的供应链之间的竞争,企业迫切需要与上下游的企业开展业务协作来实现资源共享与优势互补,从而提高自身竞争力。这种现象在集群式供应链环境下尤为突出。集群式供应链是产业集群和供应链相互耦合形成的一种供应链形态,区域内的企业普遍存在及时共享协作信息、有效整合企业外部资源以及高效开展业务协作的需求。在集群式供应链环境下,中小企业数量众多,组织网络结构相当复杂,不同的企业在信息系统、产品结构、业务流程、决策方法等方面均存在着很大的差异,使不同企业的系统在交互过程中存在各种各样的障碍和冲突,而传统的企业应用集成、供应链集成等方法并没有针对集群式供应链环境下的各种冲突给出统一的消除方法。如何从更大的范围以及更有效地消除上述冲突,通过系统的有效交互实现高效的业务协作,是集群式供应链环境下企业互操作需要重点解决的问题。
本文在国家863计划目标导向类项目“面向块状经济区域集群式供应链的服务支持技术及其平台研发与应用”,浙江省重点创新团队建设项目等相关课题的研究支持下,围绕集群式供应链环境下企业互操作过程中存在的多个层次上的语义冲突以及跨企业业务流程协同问题进行研究,主要开展的工作包括：
1)提出一种面向集群式供应链的基于语义的企业互操作方法
形成一个集群式供应链的业务协同层次框架,基于典型的集群式供应链的业务协作场景对企业互操作过程中存在的障碍进行深入分析,给出面向集群式供应链的企业互操作框架。考虑到现有的互操作研究在该框架下的局限性,提出一种面向集群式供应链的基于语义的企业互操作方法,以本体系统为支撑,对企业互操作的不同层次分别进行建模,各部分有机关联,基于不同映射场景进行本体之间的映射,消除各个层次上的语义偏差和冲突,在此基础上给出实现集群式供应链各个层次企业互操作的完整方法。
2)构建一个支持集群式供应链企业互操作的本体系统,并提出适合于集群式供应链场景的本体构建方法
分析集群式供应链场景下企业互操作的方式,基于此提出本体系统的集成方式,即多个本体以混合方式组织：企业业务协作本体将企业内的知识显示的描述出来,协作共享本体对业务协作涉及的各种知识提供统一、规范的描述,实现不同企业共同理解和知识重用。考虑集群式供应链中企业的实际情况和可用的数据源,提出基于本体学习的企业协作本体快速构建方法；结合集群式供应链的特征与类型,提出一种基于多层分步协调机制的协作共享本体构建方法。
3)提出一种本体驱动的集群式供应链语义冲突消解方法
由于集群式供应链中不同企业本体之间存在着多种类型、不同形式的语义冲突,提出一种本体驱动的企业互操作语义冲突消解方法；针对集群式供应链中不同企业本体之间的差异性,基于四个维度对本体特征进行描述,突出与本体主要特征相对应的映射策略在映射结果中的贡献值,从而提高本体映射的质量；以协作共享本体作为背景知识,消除本体映射过程中产生的错误匹配,基于映射场景挖掘企业协作本体之间隐含的新映射对；通过共享区域语义冲突消解规则,实现知识的重用,突破只能解决1:1形式语义映射的局限。
4)提出一种基于视图匹配的跨企业流程协同方法
集群式供应链环境下企业互操作需要重点解决不同企业流程之间的可控安全共享以及同步问题,提出一种基于视图匹配的跨企业业务流程协同方法。通过业务流程的虚拟化,企业可以有选择的隐藏企业内部业务流程的细节,形成面向不同合作伙伴的协作视图,减少了企业内部流程的动态变化对业务协作造成的影响,提高了跨企业业务流程的稳定性和灵活性；通过对协作视图的业务语义和变迁过程两步匹配,结合协作场景判断协作企业流程之间的兼容性；在流程互连的基础上,通过应用的服务化以及服务的动态组合实现了跨企业业务流程协同。
本文研究的成果集中体现在集群式供应链企业互操作原型系统中,通过系统的应用验证了本文的思路及研究方法的可行性。
In the global economic environment, companies are no longer isolated individuals. As a part of the supply chain, enterprises cooperate with others frequently, to improve their competitiveness through integrating resources inside and outside the enterprise effectively, especially in the Cluster Supply Chain (CSC). Cluster supply chain is a kind of supply chain coupling with the industrial cluster, enterprises within this region are in urgent need to promote the efficiency of business cooperation by means of system interoperation, which is now seriously impeded by the high heterogeneity of the product structure, organization structure and business processes among different enterprises. Although supply chain system integration is studied by many scholars, due to the highly heterogeneity of the enterprise information systems and the diversity and dynamics of enterprise models, supply chain system integration becomes more and more complex, especially in the environment of cluster supply chain which consists of large amount of SMEs and the otherness of enterprises more obvious differences between different enterprises and systems, it is more urgent to realize in-time information sharing and effective business collaboration by system interaction and integration among the enterprises.
This paper is supported by the national863project "the block-economy oriented research on service support technology and platform for cluster supply chain", key innovative team building project of Zhejiang province and other related research projects. Aiming at the problems in the environment of cluster supply chain such as grammatical and semantic heterogeneity and cross enterprise process collaboration, the following work is carried out:
1) A method of CSC-oriented, semantic-based enterprise interoperability is proposed.
Taking the characteristics of big amount of SMEs, highly heterogeneity of information systems and the complexity and dynamics of business process under the circumstance of cluster supply chain into consideration, a CSC-oriented enterprise interoperability framework is proposed. Considering the limitation of current research in the aspects of framework, a method of CSC-oriented, semantic-based enterprise interoperability is proposed. The method bases on an ontology system, modeled at different levels of enterprise interoperability and inter-connected closely, resolves conflicts at different levels, after that, an entire methodology is built to realize interoperability at all levels.
2) An ontology system supporting enterprise interoperability under the environment of CSC is constructed, and feasible methods of ontology building suited to CSC are proposed.
Ontology is introduced to resolve enterprise semantic conflict problems during business cooperation. Separation of concern rule is obeyed; the ontology system is divided into several parts and organizing the parts according to the interoperable manner among enterprises in CSC. Under the environment of cluster supply chain, in consideration of the complexity of domain knowledge and large amount of SMEs, a fast and effective method of enterprise collaboration ontology building via ontology learning is proposed based on two available data sources. A method of business collaboration shared ontology building is presented based on multistep coordination mechanism, conforming to the characteristics and types of CSC.
3) An ontology-driven semantic conflict resolving method for CSC is proposed.
Considering the multiformity of semantic conflicts among different enterprise collaboration ontologies, an ontology-driven semantic conflict resolving method for CSC is proposed. Four dimensions are introduced to describe the characteristics of ontologies against the diversity of the ontologies, and the weights of strategies corresponded with ontology characteristic are dynamically adjusted to optimize the mapping results. Collaboration shared ontology is fully exploited as background knowledge to excavate new mapping pairs hidden in enterprise ontologies and eliminate error mappings under certain mapping scene. The reuse of knowledge is realized through sharing conflicts resolution from different enterprises.
4) Inter-enterprise process collaboration method based on view match is proposed.
The process of Inter-enterprise process collaboration in the environment of cluster supply chain is quite complicated. Not only should the distributives, privacy, heterogeneity of enterprises, but also dynamics and mismatching of business process be considered. In view of the problems above, an inter-enterprise process collaboration method based on view matching is presented. This approach is business-driven which conduct business collaboration modeling according to SCOR model and existing process library of the enterprise, and dig out the business cooperation point from the business collaboration model. The business process is modeled by the method of Petri net and abstracted by symbol observation graph to reduce the visibility, and published in collaboration view library. In order to improve the efficiency of business process matching, the process of business process matching is implemented through two steps, business semantic matching and transformation processes matching detection. After transforming the business cooperation point to interoperation point and encapsulating multifarious applications of enterprise into Web services, inter-enterprise integration is realized by services orchestration and combination.
The research of this paper has been applied to CSCEIPS platform. The effective operation of the platform validates the feasibility of the method.
本文在国家863计划目标导向类项目“面向块状经济区域集群式供应链的服务支持技术及其平台研发与应用”,浙江省重点创新团队建设项目等相关课题的研究支持下,围绕集群式供应链环境下企业互操作过程中存在的多个层次上的语义冲突以及跨企业业务流程协同问题进行研究,主要开展的工作包括：
1)提出一种面向集群式供应链的基于语义的企业互操作方法
形成一个集群式供应链的业务协同层次框架,基于典型的集群式供应链的业务协作场景对企业互操作过程中存在的障碍进行深入分析,给出面向集群式供应链的企业互操作框架。考虑到现有的互操作研究在该框架下的局限性,提出一种面向集群式供应链的基于语义的企业互操作方法,以本体系统为支撑,对企业互操作的不同层次分别进行建模,各部分有机关联,基于不同映射场景进行本体之间的映射,消除各个层次上的语义偏差和冲突,在此基础上给出实现集群式供应链各个层次企业互操作的完整方法。
2)构建一个支持集群式供应链企业互操作的本体系统,并提出适合于集群式供应链场景的本体构建方法
分析集群式供应链场景下企业互操作的方式,基于此提出本体系统的集成方式,即多个本体以混合方式组织：企业业务协作本体将企业内的知识显示的描述出来,协作共享本体对业务协作涉及的各种知识提供统一、规范的描述,实现不同企业共同理解和知识重用。考虑集群式供应链中企业的实际情况和可用的数据源,提出基于本体学习的企业协作本体快速构建方法；结合集群式供应链的特征与类型,提出一种基于多层分步协调机制的协作共享本体构建方法。
3)提出一种本体驱动的集群式供应链语义冲突消解方法
由于集群式供应链中不同企业本体之间存在着多种类型、不同形式的语义冲突,提出一种本体驱动的企业互操作语义冲突消解方法；针对集群式供应链中不同企业本体之间的差异性,基于四个维度对本体特征进行描述,突出与本体主要特征相对应的映射策略在映射结果中的贡献值,从而提高本体映射的质量；以协作共享本体作为背景知识,消除本体映射过程中产生的错误匹配,基于映射场景挖掘企业协作本体之间隐含的新映射对；通过共享区域语义冲突消解规则,实现知识的重用,突破只能解决1:1形式语义映射的局限。
4)提出一种基于视图匹配的跨企业流程协同方法
集群式供应链环境下企业互操作需要重点解决不同企业流程之间的可控安全共享以及同步问题,提出一种基于视图匹配的跨企业业务流程协同方法。通过业务流程的虚拟化,企业可以有选择的隐藏企业内部业务流程的细节,形成面向不同合作伙伴的协作视图,减少了企业内部流程的动态变化对业务协作造成的影响,提高了跨企业业务流程的稳定性和灵活性；通过对协作视图的业务语义和变迁过程两步匹配,结合协作场景判断协作企业流程之间的兼容性；在流程互连的基础上,通过应用的服务化以及服务的动态组合实现了跨企业业务流程协同。
本文研究的成果集中体现在集群式供应链企业互操作原型系统中,通过系统的应用验证了本文的思路及研究方法的可行性。
In the global economic environment, companies are no longer isolated individuals. As a part of the supply chain, enterprises cooperate with others frequently, to improve their competitiveness through integrating resources inside and outside the enterprise effectively, especially in the Cluster Supply Chain (CSC). Cluster supply chain is a kind of supply chain coupling with the industrial cluster, enterprises within this region are in urgent need to promote the efficiency of business cooperation by means of system interoperation, which is now seriously impeded by the high heterogeneity of the product structure, organization structure and business processes among different enterprises. Although supply chain system integration is studied by many scholars, due to the highly heterogeneity of the enterprise information systems and the diversity and dynamics of enterprise models, supply chain system integration becomes more and more complex, especially in the environment of cluster supply chain which consists of large amount of SMEs and the otherness of enterprises more obvious differences between different enterprises and systems, it is more urgent to realize in-time information sharing and effective business collaboration by system interaction and integration among the enterprises.
This paper is supported by the national863project "the block-economy oriented research on service support technology and platform for cluster supply chain", key innovative team building project of Zhejiang province and other related research projects. Aiming at the problems in the environment of cluster supply chain such as grammatical and semantic heterogeneity and cross enterprise process collaboration, the following work is carried out:
1) A method of CSC-oriented, semantic-based enterprise interoperability is proposed.
Taking the characteristics of big amount of SMEs, highly heterogeneity of information systems and the complexity and dynamics of business process under the circumstance of cluster supply chain into consideration, a CSC-oriented enterprise interoperability framework is proposed. Considering the limitation of current research in the aspects of framework, a method of CSC-oriented, semantic-based enterprise interoperability is proposed. The method bases on an ontology system, modeled at different levels of enterprise interoperability and inter-connected closely, resolves conflicts at different levels, after that, an entire methodology is built to realize interoperability at all levels.
2) An ontology system supporting enterprise interoperability under the environment of CSC is constructed, and feasible methods of ontology building suited to CSC are proposed.
Ontology is introduced to resolve enterprise semantic conflict problems during business cooperation. Separation of concern rule is obeyed; the ontology system is divided into several parts and organizing the parts according to the interoperable manner among enterprises in CSC. Under the environment of cluster supply chain, in consideration of the complexity of domain knowledge and large amount of SMEs, a fast and effective method of enterprise collaboration ontology building via ontology learning is proposed based on two available data sources. A method of business collaboration shared ontology building is presented based on multistep coordination mechanism, conforming to the characteristics and types of CSC.
3) An ontology-driven semantic conflict resolving method for CSC is proposed.
Considering the multiformity of semantic conflicts among different enterprise collaboration ontologies, an ontology-driven semantic conflict resolving method for CSC is proposed. Four dimensions are introduced to describe the characteristics of ontologies against the diversity of the ontologies, and the weights of strategies corresponded with ontology characteristic are dynamically adjusted to optimize the mapping results. Collaboration shared ontology is fully exploited as background knowledge to excavate new mapping pairs hidden in enterprise ontologies and eliminate error mappings under certain mapping scene. The reuse of knowledge is realized through sharing conflicts resolution from different enterprises.
4) Inter-enterprise process collaboration method based on view match is proposed.
The process of Inter-enterprise process collaboration in the environment of cluster supply chain is quite complicated. Not only should the distributives, privacy, heterogeneity of enterprises, but also dynamics and mismatching of business process be considered. In view of the problems above, an inter-enterprise process collaboration method based on view matching is presented. This approach is business-driven which conduct business collaboration modeling according to SCOR model and existing process library of the enterprise, and dig out the business cooperation point from the business collaboration model. The business process is modeled by the method of Petri net and abstracted by symbol observation graph to reduce the visibility, and published in collaboration view library. In order to improve the efficiency of business process matching, the process of business process matching is implemented through two steps, business semantic matching and transformation processes matching detection. After transforming the business cooperation point to interoperation point and encapsulating multifarious applications of enterprise into Web services, inter-enterprise integration is realized by services orchestration and combination.
The research of this paper has been applied to CSCEIPS platform. The effective operation of the platform validates the feasibility of the method.
引文
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