基于自组织理论的网络社会生态系统演化研究
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摘要
网络社会是在互联网及计算机技术推动下产生的新的社会形态,网络社会生态系统则是在一定时间和空间范围内,由网络社会中的各种生态群体、资源及其环境组成的一个整体。网络社会生态系统是网络社会生态学研究对象之一,是网络经济发展到一定阶段自然产生的一种复杂巨系统。全面认识网络社会生态系统自组织特征,揭示其内在演化机制,对于促进网络社会的快速发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文以自组织理论为研究思路,结合生态学与系统学的理论与方法深入探讨了网络社会中的自组织现象及网络社会生态系统自组织的演化机制,从而为认识和研究网络社会生态系统的形成演化问题提出了一个新方向。
首先,本文阐述了网络社会生态系统的相关理论,揭示了网络社会生态系统的定义与结构,并以此为基础对网络社会生态系统自组织演化的前提条件进行了分析,表明系统的自组织演化是建立在开放、非平衡性、非线性三个前提条件之上的,同时结合演化条件分析提出了网络社会生态系统自组织演化的重要动力--竞争与协同。接下来,从演化方式和演化模型两方面展开了对网络社会生态系统演化过程的研究,运用超循环理论描述了系统内部要素在动力作用下相互关系产生的结合方式即系统自组织的演化方式,并以理论分析为基础从内部演化和整体演化的两个角度构建了系统自组织演化模型。其中,基于哈肯模型的系统内部演化模型考察了系统内部各要素的竞争与协同作用以及由此带来的序参量支配过程,而基于Logistic方程构建的系统整体演化模型其着眼点为整个系统,定量化地描述了系统在环境资源限制下自组织演化所经历的阶段和演化轨迹,并结合仿真分析探讨了演化模型可能产生的混沌。最后,以我国网络社会生态系统为模型应用样本进行了实证研究,根据模型应用结果,得出主宰我国网络社会生态系统演化的序参量是技术创新,同时对我国网络社会生态系统整体演化现状以及过程进行了分析,说明了要促进我国网络社会生态系统健康发展,既要重视技术创新这样的序参量,又需要加强系统内各要素之间非线性的相互作用,提高系统内协同效应的水平,完善系统的超循环网络。
本文是首次从生态系统的角度采用自组织理论研究网络社会,在自组织理论应用上具有一定的创新意义,同时也为科学地建设网络社会生态系统提供了思想、理论基础和研究方法。
Cyber Society is the new form of society driven by Internet and computer technology. The ecosystem of Cyber Society is a whole within a certain time and space, consisting of various ecological groups, resources and environment in the Cyber Society. The ecosystem of Cyber Society is one study of Cyber Society Ecology, which is a naturally occurring complex system to a certain stage of networks economic development. Comprehensively understanding the feature of the ecosystem of Cyber Society, revealing its internal evolution mechanism has an important theoretical and practical significance for promoting rapid development of the ecosystem of Cyber Society. This paper based on Self-Organization theory as the research ideas, on the combination of Ecology and Systems theory and method studied self-organizing phenomena in the Cyber Society and the mechanism of self-organizing evolution in depth, so as to propose a new direction for understanding and studying the formation and evolution of the ecosystem of Cyber Society.
First of all, this paper elaborated the theory about the ecosystem of Cyber Society, revealed the definition and the structure of the system, and as this for basis analyzed the preconditions of self-organizing evolution of the ecosystem of Cyber Society, showed that the self-organizing evolution of the ecosystem of Cyber Society built on the three preconditions:open, non-equilibrium, nonlinear, and on the combination of analysis of evolution conditions revealed that important driving forces for the self-organizing evolution of the ecosystem of Cyber Society were competition and synergy. Then, from two areas of evolution method and evolution model carried out research on the evolution process of the ecosystem of Cyber Society, and elaborated the way of combination in which the mutual relations between elements within the system produced based on the Super-cycle theory, which was the way of system self-organizing evolution, then, based on theoretical analysis from two angles which were the internal evolution and the overall evolution constructed self-organization model. The internal evolution model based on the Haken model examined the function among the elements within the system, and the result as order parameter dominating, while the overall evolution model based on Logistic equation focused on the whole of system, quantitatively describing the stage and the evolution of track of self-organizing evolution in the environmental resource constraints and combined with simulation studied the chaos the evolution model might generate. Finally, as our ecosystem of Cyber Society for the model application sample did the empirical research, according to the simulation results, showed that the order parameter which dominated evolution of our ecosystem of Cyber Society was the technology innovation, and analyzed evolution current situation and process of our ecosystem of Cyber Society, illustrated that in order to promote development of our ecosystem of Cyber Society, not only need to emphasize this order parameter technology innovation, but also need to strengthen the nonlinear interaction of various elements within the system, to enhance the synergism function in the system.
This paper is the first paper to do a research on the ecosystem of Cyber Society applying Self-Organization theory from the point of view of ecosystem, has some innovative sense on the application of Self-Organization theory, and provides ideas, the theoretical basis and research methods for constructing the ecosystem of Cyber Society scientifically.
首先,本文阐述了网络社会生态系统的相关理论,揭示了网络社会生态系统的定义与结构,并以此为基础对网络社会生态系统自组织演化的前提条件进行了分析,表明系统的自组织演化是建立在开放、非平衡性、非线性三个前提条件之上的,同时结合演化条件分析提出了网络社会生态系统自组织演化的重要动力--竞争与协同。接下来,从演化方式和演化模型两方面展开了对网络社会生态系统演化过程的研究,运用超循环理论描述了系统内部要素在动力作用下相互关系产生的结合方式即系统自组织的演化方式,并以理论分析为基础从内部演化和整体演化的两个角度构建了系统自组织演化模型。其中,基于哈肯模型的系统内部演化模型考察了系统内部各要素的竞争与协同作用以及由此带来的序参量支配过程,而基于Logistic方程构建的系统整体演化模型其着眼点为整个系统,定量化地描述了系统在环境资源限制下自组织演化所经历的阶段和演化轨迹,并结合仿真分析探讨了演化模型可能产生的混沌。最后,以我国网络社会生态系统为模型应用样本进行了实证研究,根据模型应用结果,得出主宰我国网络社会生态系统演化的序参量是技术创新,同时对我国网络社会生态系统整体演化现状以及过程进行了分析,说明了要促进我国网络社会生态系统健康发展,既要重视技术创新这样的序参量,又需要加强系统内各要素之间非线性的相互作用,提高系统内协同效应的水平,完善系统的超循环网络。
本文是首次从生态系统的角度采用自组织理论研究网络社会,在自组织理论应用上具有一定的创新意义,同时也为科学地建设网络社会生态系统提供了思想、理论基础和研究方法。
Cyber Society is the new form of society driven by Internet and computer technology. The ecosystem of Cyber Society is a whole within a certain time and space, consisting of various ecological groups, resources and environment in the Cyber Society. The ecosystem of Cyber Society is one study of Cyber Society Ecology, which is a naturally occurring complex system to a certain stage of networks economic development. Comprehensively understanding the feature of the ecosystem of Cyber Society, revealing its internal evolution mechanism has an important theoretical and practical significance for promoting rapid development of the ecosystem of Cyber Society. This paper based on Self-Organization theory as the research ideas, on the combination of Ecology and Systems theory and method studied self-organizing phenomena in the Cyber Society and the mechanism of self-organizing evolution in depth, so as to propose a new direction for understanding and studying the formation and evolution of the ecosystem of Cyber Society.
First of all, this paper elaborated the theory about the ecosystem of Cyber Society, revealed the definition and the structure of the system, and as this for basis analyzed the preconditions of self-organizing evolution of the ecosystem of Cyber Society, showed that the self-organizing evolution of the ecosystem of Cyber Society built on the three preconditions:open, non-equilibrium, nonlinear, and on the combination of analysis of evolution conditions revealed that important driving forces for the self-organizing evolution of the ecosystem of Cyber Society were competition and synergy. Then, from two areas of evolution method and evolution model carried out research on the evolution process of the ecosystem of Cyber Society, and elaborated the way of combination in which the mutual relations between elements within the system produced based on the Super-cycle theory, which was the way of system self-organizing evolution, then, based on theoretical analysis from two angles which were the internal evolution and the overall evolution constructed self-organization model. The internal evolution model based on the Haken model examined the function among the elements within the system, and the result as order parameter dominating, while the overall evolution model based on Logistic equation focused on the whole of system, quantitatively describing the stage and the evolution of track of self-organizing evolution in the environmental resource constraints and combined with simulation studied the chaos the evolution model might generate. Finally, as our ecosystem of Cyber Society for the model application sample did the empirical research, according to the simulation results, showed that the order parameter which dominated evolution of our ecosystem of Cyber Society was the technology innovation, and analyzed evolution current situation and process of our ecosystem of Cyber Society, illustrated that in order to promote development of our ecosystem of Cyber Society, not only need to emphasize this order parameter technology innovation, but also need to strengthen the nonlinear interaction of various elements within the system, to enhance the synergism function in the system.
This paper is the first paper to do a research on the ecosystem of Cyber Society applying Self-Organization theory from the point of view of ecosystem, has some innovative sense on the application of Self-Organization theory, and provides ideas, the theoretical basis and research methods for constructing the ecosystem of Cyber Society scientifically.
引文
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[2]左家伟.网络社会群落的生态性稳定研究[硕士学位论文].北京交通大学.2008.7
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[21]高萌泽.企业集群共生演化模型及其机理的研究[硕士学位论文].北京交通大学.2008.6
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[28]梁涛.基于自组织理论的企业集群形成机制分析[硕士学位论文].河北工业大学.2006.12
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[30]吴建材.商业生态系统本质和进化机制的研究[硕士学位论文].西安电子科技大学.2004.1
[31]徐佳宁.基于Web2.0的网络信息自组织机制研究.情报杂志.2009.28(6)：139-142
[32]魏芳.高技术产业系统的自组织演化机制研究[硕士学位论文].武汉理工大学.2006.11
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[2]左家伟.网络社会群落的生态性稳定研究[硕士学位论文].北京交通大学.2008.7
[3]王晓红.网络生态系统中网络资源竞争与分配研究[硕士学位论文].北京交通大学.2008.7
[4]田志虹.网络社会企业生态位模型研究与应用[硕士学位论文].北京交通大学.2008.7
[5]Igor Matutinovic.The aspects and the role of diversity in socioeconomics system:an evolutionary perspective.Ecological Economics.2001.39(4):239-256
[6]RobertW.Rycroft.Self-organization networks:implications for globalation. Technovation. 2004.24(7):187-197
[7]Martin Rinne.Technology Roadmaps:Infrastructure for innovation.Technological Forecasting Social Change.2004.71(8):67-80
[8]Ulrich Wit.Self-organization and economics-what is new? Structural Change and Economics Dynamics.1997.11 (8):489-507
[9]岳晋.高技术产业成长的自组织理论透视.中国地质大学学报(社会科学版).2004.12(4)：13-16
[10]苏小康,曾光明,黄国和,李建兵.城市人口区域分布动态演化自组织模型初步研究.系统工程理论与实践.2003.15(10)：115-120
[11]张建文,周三多.企业人力系统中的自组织.系统工程.1996.14(6)：37-44
[12]朱永达,张涛,李炳军.区域产业系统的演化机制和优化控制.管理科学学报.2001.4(3)：73-78
[13]毕克新,王海燕.高校科学研究于学科建设协同发展系统灰色关联分析与模型构建.系统工程理论与实践.2003.12(4)：140-143
[14]苏小康,曾光明.非平衡自组织理论模型应用于生活垃圾量预测.环境卫生工程.2002.10(2)
[15]王红霞.基于自组织理论的住宅房地产市场系统演化研究[硕士学位论文].东南大学.2006.3
[16]李宏轩.信息自组织理论探讨.情报科学.2000.第2期：108-110
[17]Gary William Flake, David M.Self-organization, Self-regulation, and Self-similarity on the Fractal Web.The Colour s of Infinity.2004.2(2):71-74
[18]王志华.网络与社会关系的若干探索.系统辩证学学报.2003.第3期：7-9
[19]王昕.我国现行电子政务的自组织特性分析[硕士学位论文].内蒙古大学.2006.6
[20]张真继,张润彤.网络社会生态学.电子工业出版社.2008
[21]高萌泽.企业集群共生演化模型及其机理的研究[硕士学位论文].北京交通大学.2008.6
[22]胡月朎.论网络生态系统平衡构建.南京林业大学[硕士学位论文].2008.6
[23]王志辉.高技术产业集聚发展的自组织机制研究[硕士学位论文].武汉理工大学.2006.12
[24]吴彤.自组织方法论研究.清华大学出版社.2001
[25]尼科利斯,普利高津.非平衡系统的自组织(中译本).科学出版社.1986
[26]哈肯.协同学-大自然构成的奥秘.上海译文出版社.1995
[27]吴祥兴等.混沌学导论.上海科学技术文献出版社.1996
[28]梁涛.基于自组织理论的企业集群形成机制分析[硕士学位论文].河北工业大学.2006.12
[29]武艳君.试论高校虚拟社区的自组织演进.黑龙江教育学院学报.2009.28(8)：36-37
[30]吴建材.商业生态系统本质和进化机制的研究[硕士学位论文].西安电子科技大学.2004.1
[31]徐佳宁.基于Web2.0的网络信息自组织机制研究.情报杂志.2009.28(6)：139-142
[32]魏芳.高技术产业系统的自组织演化机制研究[硕士学位论文].武汉理工大学.2006.11
[33]陈禹,钟佳桂.系统科学与方法概论.中国人民大学出版社.2005
[34]村上辉康.无所不在的网络社会展望.财经界.2006.第12期：22-25
[35]张雷.网络社会的本质及其发展历程与趋势论析.天津行政学院院报.2008.10(4)：23-26
[36]章洪.网络社会——信息技术重构社会新形式.当代世界.2008.第7期：42-44
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