面向炼钢—连铸的元胞自动机调度模型研究
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摘要
炼钢-连铸生产过程是现代钢铁企业的核心工序,其生产调度需要协调冶炼、精炼、连铸三个工序的生产节奏,考虑生产平衡,资源平衡及时间平衡问题。建立高效柔性的生产调度仿真系统,有利于多工序生产在时间、空间上的有机配合、生产资源的合理分配,给决策者提供有力的调度依据,实现生产的高效率运行,对增强市场竞争力有着重要的作用。因此,针对混合生产环境下的炼钢-连铸生产调度问题建立仿真模型、进行有效算法研究具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。
本文以武钢三炼钢炼钢-连铸为基础,建立了炼钢-连铸元胞自动机仿真调度模型,并对模型进行了设计与仿真。模型将元胞映射为附有属性的工位及其连线,将铁水、钢水分别与其容器抽象为生产单元,炼钢-连铸元胞自动机在普通元胞自动机的基础上引入了全局信息、全局目标,并将此转化成对局部演化规则的动态启用条件;通过设定模型空间,边界条件及初始设置,利用模型运行规则的动态选择,以目标“拉”动与演化“推”动作用下的“推拉结合”的自组织演化机制,利用SQLsever数据库技术对调度所需要的数据进行存储和清理,运用VC技术将作业规则编织成软件的功能模块,通过改变元胞属性来表达生产的运行,采用JSP技术显示调度生产时刻表与甘特图,实现炼钢生产运行过程的动态显示。以武钢三炼钢调度数据进行仿真实验,结果表明:调度模型所揭示的铁水到达炼钢-连铸工序的瓶颈与生产实际相符合,三台连铸机同时连浇时转炉前区金属液的均值与生产实际相比误差不超过2.45%,模型有较好的准确性。
The process of steel-making and continuous casting production is the core working procedure of the modern iron and steel enterprises. We need to coordinate production scheduling smelting, refining, continuous casting production processes of the three rhythms, at the same time we must balance the logistics, resources and time. Establishing efficient and flexible scheduling simulation system will help in the organic co-production of time and space and the appropriate allocation of resources, which can provide a strong basis for scheduling, high-efficiency operation for policy-makers and have an important role on enhance market competitive. As a result, establishing the simulation model for the characteristics of the production of a mixed environment of steel-casting production and developing an effective method of study has important theoretical and practical value.
In this paper, I have established a steel-making and casting cellular automata simulation scheduling model on the basis of steel-making and casting of Wuhan Iron and Steel, then I have designed and simulated for it. Cellular model will be accompanied by a map of property-station and connect to hot metal, molten steel container separately with abstract production unit; steel-making and casting cellular automata has introduced the global information, overall goal and transformed into the evolution of the local rules of the dynamic conditions of the opening on the basis of ordinary cellular automata; by setting a model space, boundary conditions, initial set up and use of the model rules of the dynamic choice, to target "pull" dynamic and evolution of the "push" by action under the "push and pull combination" of the evolution of the self-organizing mechanism, storing and cleaning-up the data that need to Schedule with SQLsever database technology, using VC technology to make the operating rules into software modules, express steel-making operation by changing the attribute of Cellular, display scheduling production schedule and Gantt Map to achieve the production of steel-making operation of the dynamic display the simulation. Experiment is based on the history data in three steel-making of Wuhan Iron and Steel, The results show that, in the Scheduling model, the arrival of hot metal is the bottlenecks of the steelmaking - continuous casting process is revealed with the production actual. The Error compared average value of front converter area pouring liquid metal with production reality is less than 2.45 percent when three continuous casting machine run at the same time. This shows that the model is correct.
本文以武钢三炼钢炼钢-连铸为基础,建立了炼钢-连铸元胞自动机仿真调度模型,并对模型进行了设计与仿真。模型将元胞映射为附有属性的工位及其连线,将铁水、钢水分别与其容器抽象为生产单元,炼钢-连铸元胞自动机在普通元胞自动机的基础上引入了全局信息、全局目标,并将此转化成对局部演化规则的动态启用条件;通过设定模型空间,边界条件及初始设置,利用模型运行规则的动态选择,以目标“拉”动与演化“推”动作用下的“推拉结合”的自组织演化机制,利用SQLsever数据库技术对调度所需要的数据进行存储和清理,运用VC技术将作业规则编织成软件的功能模块,通过改变元胞属性来表达生产的运行,采用JSP技术显示调度生产时刻表与甘特图,实现炼钢生产运行过程的动态显示。以武钢三炼钢调度数据进行仿真实验,结果表明:调度模型所揭示的铁水到达炼钢-连铸工序的瓶颈与生产实际相符合,三台连铸机同时连浇时转炉前区金属液的均值与生产实际相比误差不超过2.45%,模型有较好的准确性。
The process of steel-making and continuous casting production is the core working procedure of the modern iron and steel enterprises. We need to coordinate production scheduling smelting, refining, continuous casting production processes of the three rhythms, at the same time we must balance the logistics, resources and time. Establishing efficient and flexible scheduling simulation system will help in the organic co-production of time and space and the appropriate allocation of resources, which can provide a strong basis for scheduling, high-efficiency operation for policy-makers and have an important role on enhance market competitive. As a result, establishing the simulation model for the characteristics of the production of a mixed environment of steel-casting production and developing an effective method of study has important theoretical and practical value.
In this paper, I have established a steel-making and casting cellular automata simulation scheduling model on the basis of steel-making and casting of Wuhan Iron and Steel, then I have designed and simulated for it. Cellular model will be accompanied by a map of property-station and connect to hot metal, molten steel container separately with abstract production unit; steel-making and casting cellular automata has introduced the global information, overall goal and transformed into the evolution of the local rules of the dynamic conditions of the opening on the basis of ordinary cellular automata; by setting a model space, boundary conditions, initial set up and use of the model rules of the dynamic choice, to target "pull" dynamic and evolution of the "push" by action under the "push and pull combination" of the evolution of the self-organizing mechanism, storing and cleaning-up the data that need to Schedule with SQLsever database technology, using VC technology to make the operating rules into software modules, express steel-making operation by changing the attribute of Cellular, display scheduling production schedule and Gantt Map to achieve the production of steel-making operation of the dynamic display the simulation. Experiment is based on the history data in three steel-making of Wuhan Iron and Steel, The results show that, in the Scheduling model, the arrival of hot metal is the bottlenecks of the steelmaking - continuous casting process is revealed with the production actual. The Error compared average value of front converter area pouring liquid metal with production reality is less than 2.45 percent when three continuous casting machine run at the same time. This shows that the model is correct.
引文
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[3] http://www-verimag.imag.fr/VHS/CS5/tpnappendix.ps.gz.
[4] L.Tang et all Euroupean Journalof O perationalR eserch1 33(2001)1-20
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[9]唐立新,杨自厚,王梦光.炼钢一连铸最优浇次(CAST)计划.东北大学学报.1996,10:553-558
[10]唐立新,王梦光,杨自厚.炼钢一连铸对于浇次数未知的最优浇次计划模型与算法.东北大学学报.1997,10:19-21
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