亚硒酸钠对家兔的生殖毒理研究
摘要
60只家兔，雌雄各半，用以研究硒对家兔的生殖毒性。雌雄兔各分3组，每组10只，各有一对照组，两试验组。每3天分别给试验组家兔经胃投服0.4mg/kg 体重、0.6mg/kg体重的硒（亚硒酸钠），对照组投以相同剂量的生理盐水，每次给药前称重，进行常规临床检查，给药后24h隐静脉采血，用以测定血硒含量。母兔分娩后当日配种（血配），继续用药，历时2个月。结果表明：
1. 这两个剂量均能引起家兔慢性硒中毒，生长缓慢、体重下降，随着给硒次数的增加，血硒水平明显高于对照组（p<0.05,p<0.01,p<0.001），胎肝、胎盘、公兔睾丸等组织硒含量也明显高于对照组(p<0.05)。
2. 中毒公兔表现性欲减退，精子畸形率显著提高（p<0.05，p<0.01), 精子负染电镜观察结果显示，精子顶体膨胀或脱落，颈部肿胀，尾部轴丝外露，末稍松散。
3. 病理变化公兔主要表现为曲细精管内生精细胞减少，排列紊乱，有的生精细胞呈变性坏死状态。而睾丸网管壁细胞排列整齐，输出小管，附睾管形态结构变化不大，母兔在第二个怀孕期表现妊娠率下降，平均窝产仔数降低，早期死亡胚胎、腐败胎、死胎明显增多。母兔表现为卵母细胞变性坏死，周围颗粒细胞散乱不堪，间质毛细血管扩张。子宫和胎盘均表现毛细血管扩张充血、出血、间质有大量炎性细胞浸润，呈明显的急性浆液性纤维性炎症过程。
4. 透射电镜观察结果显示各级生精细胞内溶酶体大量增加，内质网扩张，线粒体肿胀，曲细精管管壁变薄，细胞之间间隙变大。卵母细胞线粒体肿胀、空泡化，内质网扩张，卵泡颗粒层细胞发生凋亡，母体胎盘合体滋养层细胞呈坏死状态，细胞器模糊不清，脂滴增加。
以上结果提示：慢性硒中毒可侵害公兔睾丸实质，使各级生精细胞变性坏死，引起公兔精液品质不良，性欲减退；慢性硒中毒可使大量卵母细胞变性坏死，周围颗粒细胞大量凋亡，引起妊娠率下降；慢性硒中毒还可导致母兔发生子宫内膜炎，使死胎、腐败胎明显增加。
Thirty female rabbits and thirty male rabbits were used to study the reproductive toxicity of selenium on rabbits. The female rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, including one control group and two experimental groups. So were the male rabbits. The rabbits of the four experimental groups were given 0.4mg Se/kg·BW、0.6 mg Se/kg·BW(sodium selenite) respectively every three day. The control groups were given the same dose physiological saline. Before given selenium, the rabbits were weighted and done common clinical examination. Blood samples were collected through saphenous veins at 24 hour after giving selenium to analysis the selenium concentration in blood. The female rabbits were bred after parturition at the some day. The total experimental period was about two months. The results indicated that:
1. Both the two dose could cause the rabbits chronic selenosis, growth inhibition, loss of body weight. With the number of Se intake increasing, the concentration of blood selenium in experimental groups was higher than those of control rabbits (p<0.05,p<0.01), Selenium content of fetal hepar、placenta and testes was also higher than those of control rabbits (p<0.05).
2. The experimental male rabbits depressed sexual activity. The rate of deformed sperm are higher than that of control group notably (p<0.05, p<0.01), The negative staining technique of sperm by electron microscopic examination showed that acrosomes were swollen or etached, the neck was swollen, the mitochondrial sheath of the tail middle piece was partially detached, the tail end piece was loose.
3. Microscopical observations indicated that spermatogenic cell decreased and disordered. Some spermatogenic cell were degeneration and necrosis. No pathologic change can be discovered in rete testis, ductuli efferentes and ductus epididymidis. Decreased rates of conception and the mean litter size were observed in female rabbits, butearly death embryo、decayed fetus、death fetus increased during the second pregnant period. Oocytes degeneration and necrosis follicular cell disordered. Blood capillary in interstitial dilatated. Uterus and placenta presented acute serous fibric inflammation.
4. The scanning electron microscopical observations revealed lysosomes in spermatogenic cells largely increased, mitochondrias of those cells were congetion, endoplasmic reticalum dilatated. The wall of convoluted seminiferous tubule became thinner. Mitochondrias in oocytes were congetion and vacuoles. Follicular cells were apoptosis. The cells of syncytiotrophoblasts were necrosis.
Those results indicated that chronic selenosis can damage testis, cause the quality of sperm decreased and sexual activity depressed. Chronic selenosis can make mang oocytes degeneration and necrosis, a lot of fouicular cells apoptosis, cause the rate of conception decreased. Chronic selenosis also can induce female rabbits endometritis, cause death fetus and decayed fetus increased remarkably.
1. 这两个剂量均能引起家兔慢性硒中毒，生长缓慢、体重下降，随着给硒次数的增加，血硒水平明显高于对照组（p<0.05,p<0.01,p<0.001），胎肝、胎盘、公兔睾丸等组织硒含量也明显高于对照组(p<0.05)。
2. 中毒公兔表现性欲减退，精子畸形率显著提高（p<0.05，p<0.01), 精子负染电镜观察结果显示，精子顶体膨胀或脱落，颈部肿胀，尾部轴丝外露，末稍松散。
3. 病理变化公兔主要表现为曲细精管内生精细胞减少，排列紊乱，有的生精细胞呈变性坏死状态。而睾丸网管壁细胞排列整齐，输出小管，附睾管形态结构变化不大，母兔在第二个怀孕期表现妊娠率下降，平均窝产仔数降低，早期死亡胚胎、腐败胎、死胎明显增多。母兔表现为卵母细胞变性坏死，周围颗粒细胞散乱不堪，间质毛细血管扩张。子宫和胎盘均表现毛细血管扩张充血、出血、间质有大量炎性细胞浸润，呈明显的急性浆液性纤维性炎症过程。
4. 透射电镜观察结果显示各级生精细胞内溶酶体大量增加，内质网扩张，线粒体肿胀，曲细精管管壁变薄，细胞之间间隙变大。卵母细胞线粒体肿胀、空泡化，内质网扩张，卵泡颗粒层细胞发生凋亡，母体胎盘合体滋养层细胞呈坏死状态，细胞器模糊不清，脂滴增加。
以上结果提示：慢性硒中毒可侵害公兔睾丸实质，使各级生精细胞变性坏死，引起公兔精液品质不良，性欲减退；慢性硒中毒可使大量卵母细胞变性坏死，周围颗粒细胞大量凋亡，引起妊娠率下降；慢性硒中毒还可导致母兔发生子宫内膜炎，使死胎、腐败胎明显增加。
Thirty female rabbits and thirty male rabbits were used to study the reproductive toxicity of selenium on rabbits. The female rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, including one control group and two experimental groups. So were the male rabbits. The rabbits of the four experimental groups were given 0.4mg Se/kg·BW、0.6 mg Se/kg·BW(sodium selenite) respectively every three day. The control groups were given the same dose physiological saline. Before given selenium, the rabbits were weighted and done common clinical examination. Blood samples were collected through saphenous veins at 24 hour after giving selenium to analysis the selenium concentration in blood. The female rabbits were bred after parturition at the some day. The total experimental period was about two months. The results indicated that:
1. Both the two dose could cause the rabbits chronic selenosis, growth inhibition, loss of body weight. With the number of Se intake increasing, the concentration of blood selenium in experimental groups was higher than those of control rabbits (p<0.05,p<0.01), Selenium content of fetal hepar、placenta and testes was also higher than those of control rabbits (p<0.05).
2. The experimental male rabbits depressed sexual activity. The rate of deformed sperm are higher than that of control group notably (p<0.05, p<0.01), The negative staining technique of sperm by electron microscopic examination showed that acrosomes were swollen or etached, the neck was swollen, the mitochondrial sheath of the tail middle piece was partially detached, the tail end piece was loose.
3. Microscopical observations indicated that spermatogenic cell decreased and disordered. Some spermatogenic cell were degeneration and necrosis. No pathologic change can be discovered in rete testis, ductuli efferentes and ductus epididymidis. Decreased rates of conception and the mean litter size were observed in female rabbits, but
4. The scanning electron microscopical observations revealed lysosomes in spermatogenic cells largely increased, mitochondrias of those cells were congetion, endoplasmic reticalum dilatated. The wall of convoluted seminiferous tubule became thinner. Mitochondrias in oocytes were congetion and vacuoles. Follicular cells were apoptosis. The cells of syncytiotrophoblasts were necrosis.
Those results indicated that chronic selenosis can damage testis, cause the quality of sperm decreased and sexual activity depressed. Chronic selenosis can make mang oocytes degeneration and necrosis, a lot of fouicular cells apoptosis, cause the rate of conception decreased. Chronic selenosis also can induce female rabbits endometritis, cause death fetus and decayed fetus increased remarkably.
引文
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