外贸体制改革与安徽省国有外贸企业的发展
|
摘要
改革开放以前直至加入世贸组织前夕，我国国有外贸企业一直肩负着为国家出口创汇的重任。随着我国外贸体制改革的整体推进，外贸经营主体多元化格局的形成，国有外贸企业在我国外贸事业中的作用也随着其出口比重的下降而降低。入世后，中国积极构建与世贸组织规则相符合的外经贸管理体制，根据我国入世承诺，进一步深化外经贸管理体制改革，改革政策一直向着不利于国有外贸企业的方向发展。2003年我国又采取三项重要改革举措：全面放开外贸经营权，赋予外商直接出口权、调整出口退税政策，这些措施的实施标志着国有外贸企业垄断地位的彻底丧失。内部环境的步步紧逼，使国有外贸企业面临着巨大的生存压力。
从安徽省国有外贸企业的现状来看，外贸组织结构的基本特征是小型化和分散化，这种情况十分不利于我省外贸事业在新形势下的发展。与全国专业外贸企业出口增速放缓的趋势不同，国有外贸企业在我省出口中仍占有主体地位，尤其是几家省属大中型国有外贸企业，其进出口额仍占据我省外贸的半壁江山。因此，大中型国有外贸企业改革与发展关系着我省外贸事业能否实现历史性跨越。本文正是在我国外贸体制深化改革的背景下，针对安徽省外贸发展的现状，指出了国有外贸企业的发展方向，即在深化国有外贸企业产权改革的基础上，组建一至两个大型外贸企业集团。
本文主要内容安排如下：第一章，将中国外贸体制改革划分为四个阶段进行简单回顾；第二章，重点分析入世后根据入世协定的要求，我国外贸领域的三项改革举措及影响；第三章，分析安徽省进出口现状和省国有外贸企业面临的问题；第四章，针对国有外贸企业存在的问题，指出产权不清晰是国有外贸企业发展的最大障碍，因此必须按照现代产权制度的要求深化外贸企业的产权改革；第五章，针对我省国有外贸企业规模小、竞争力弱的特点，提出构建安徽省国有外贸集团的主张。
Chinese state-owned foreign trade corporations had undertook most of the task of making foreign currency revenue through exportation before china entered into WTO in the new century with the trend of reformation and opening door. As the result of the whole propulsion of national foreign trade mechanism and the formation of foreign trade multiform principal parts system, the impact of state-owned foreign trade corporations detracts accompany with the descent of their export proportion. In accordance with its promise with WTO, china deepens the foreign trade management system reform much more to match with international norms, which lead to the direction going against the state-owned foreign trade corporations' behalf. In 2003 china take 3 more steps in this area, which include letting loose the foreign trade running rights wholly, providing foreign traders the direct exporting rights, and adjusting the export drawback tax policy. Such steps mean that the state-owned foreign trade corporations absolutely lose their monopoly status. So they are up against enormous survival pressure as internal circumstances aggravate day after day.
As far as An Hui province is concerned, the characteristics of its foreign trade organization structure is diminutive and scattered, which limits its development under the new situation. Different from the tendency of foreign trade companies slowing down their export growth in other regions, state-owned foreign trade corporations, especially the biggest ones, still act an predominant role in An Hui foreign trade market. So the reformation and development of state-owned foreign trade corporations decide the fate of An Hui foreign trade business. Under such background, this thesis points the development direction of state-owned foreign trade corporations in view of current
condition of An Hui foreign trade market. The suggestion of the thesis is to constitute one or two large foreign trade conglomerate on the base of deepening the proprietary reform of state-owned foreign trade corporations.
The thesis is arranged in this way: The first chapter looks back china foreign trade system reform in four phases. The second chapter analyzes three reform measures and its influence in china foreign trade domain in light of WTO requirement. The third chapter focuses on the current status of import and export in An Hui and the problems it faces. Against such problems, the forth chapter points out that the biggest hindrance putting off the development of state-owned foreign trade corporations is the uncertainty of proprietary, which calls for the proprietary reform in accordance with the demand of nowadays proprietary regimentation. The last chapter tables a proposal on the grounds of the small scale and weak competitiveness of An Hui' s state-owned foreign trade corporations, which suggest to establish some large foreign trade conglomerates.
从安徽省国有外贸企业的现状来看，外贸组织结构的基本特征是小型化和分散化，这种情况十分不利于我省外贸事业在新形势下的发展。与全国专业外贸企业出口增速放缓的趋势不同，国有外贸企业在我省出口中仍占有主体地位，尤其是几家省属大中型国有外贸企业，其进出口额仍占据我省外贸的半壁江山。因此，大中型国有外贸企业改革与发展关系着我省外贸事业能否实现历史性跨越。本文正是在我国外贸体制深化改革的背景下，针对安徽省外贸发展的现状，指出了国有外贸企业的发展方向，即在深化国有外贸企业产权改革的基础上，组建一至两个大型外贸企业集团。
本文主要内容安排如下：第一章，将中国外贸体制改革划分为四个阶段进行简单回顾；第二章，重点分析入世后根据入世协定的要求，我国外贸领域的三项改革举措及影响；第三章，分析安徽省进出口现状和省国有外贸企业面临的问题；第四章，针对国有外贸企业存在的问题，指出产权不清晰是国有外贸企业发展的最大障碍，因此必须按照现代产权制度的要求深化外贸企业的产权改革；第五章，针对我省国有外贸企业规模小、竞争力弱的特点，提出构建安徽省国有外贸集团的主张。
Chinese state-owned foreign trade corporations had undertook most of the task of making foreign currency revenue through exportation before china entered into WTO in the new century with the trend of reformation and opening door. As the result of the whole propulsion of national foreign trade mechanism and the formation of foreign trade multiform principal parts system, the impact of state-owned foreign trade corporations detracts accompany with the descent of their export proportion. In accordance with its promise with WTO, china deepens the foreign trade management system reform much more to match with international norms, which lead to the direction going against the state-owned foreign trade corporations' behalf. In 2003 china take 3 more steps in this area, which include letting loose the foreign trade running rights wholly, providing foreign traders the direct exporting rights, and adjusting the export drawback tax policy. Such steps mean that the state-owned foreign trade corporations absolutely lose their monopoly status. So they are up against enormous survival pressure as internal circumstances aggravate day after day.
As far as An Hui province is concerned, the characteristics of its foreign trade organization structure is diminutive and scattered, which limits its development under the new situation. Different from the tendency of foreign trade companies slowing down their export growth in other regions, state-owned foreign trade corporations, especially the biggest ones, still act an predominant role in An Hui foreign trade market. So the reformation and development of state-owned foreign trade corporations decide the fate of An Hui foreign trade business. Under such background, this thesis points the development direction of state-owned foreign trade corporations in view of current
condition of An Hui foreign trade market. The suggestion of the thesis is to constitute one or two large foreign trade conglomerate on the base of deepening the proprietary reform of state-owned foreign trade corporations.
The thesis is arranged in this way: The first chapter looks back china foreign trade system reform in four phases. The second chapter analyzes three reform measures and its influence in china foreign trade domain in light of WTO requirement. The third chapter focuses on the current status of import and export in An Hui and the problems it faces. Against such problems, the forth chapter points out that the biggest hindrance putting off the development of state-owned foreign trade corporations is the uncertainty of proprietary, which calls for the proprietary reform in accordance with the demand of nowadays proprietary regimentation. The last chapter tables a proposal on the grounds of the small scale and weak competitiveness of An Hui' s state-owned foreign trade corporations, which suggest to establish some large foreign trade conglomerates.
引文
1、盛洪，《现代制度经济学》，北京大学出版社，2003
2、王绍熙，王寿椿，《中国对外贸易经济学》，对外经济贸易大学出版社，1998
3、阎克庆等，《中国综合商社》，上海人民出版社，1998
4、钟山，《国有外经贸企业制度创新》，中国对外间接贸易出版社，1996
5、张军，《现代产权经济学》，上海三联书店，1991
6、常修泽，《建立与社会主义市场经济相适应的产权制度》，《宏观经济研究》2004．1
7、张建华，《产权重组推进外贸企业实现国际化》，《对外经贸实务》，2003．8
8、李光林，《试论产权与产权制度》，《国有资产管理》2004年第1期
9、钟山，郑志海，《淡化所有制形态》，《国际贸易》2001．9
10、曾凡银，《安徽省外贸经营体制转变与竞争优势的挖掘》，《国际贸易问题》2003．1
11、《加入WTO后外经贸经营主体发展问题研究》课题组，《鼎足之势中之国企》，《国际贸易》2001．9
12、杜颖芬，《出口退税政策调整的影响》，《中国经贸导刊》2003．22
13、聂高民，王金城，《关于深化国有外贸企业改革的若干战略问题》，《黑龙江对外经贸》2003．1
14、郭秀君，《入世与我国国有专业外贸公司的存在》，《国际贸易问题》2002．5
15、何东霞，《全面理解世贸组织“国营贸易企业”条款》，《国际贸易问题》2003．5．
16、阎志鹏，《“入世”对我国专业外贸企业的影响及发展对策》，《国际贸易问题》2000．10．
17、马野青，《股份合作制：中国中小型国有外贸企业改革的选择》，《国家贸易问题》2000．3
18、孟冬平，《中国外经贸企业改革20年回顾》，《国际商报》2000．9．21
19、杨美景，《我国外贸体制改革的回顾与评价，《新亚经贸》1998．7
20、张友仁，《出口贸易过度竞争的产业组织分析》，《外贸经济、国际贸易》2003．7
21、徐锋，《优化我国外贸产业组织的探索》，《国际贸易问题》2002．4
22、陈涛、王焱薇、骆育芳，《国有外贸企业改革的现状与启示》，《世界经济文汇》，2000．2
23、Paul R. Krugman, Maurice Obstfeid, "International Economics Theory and Policy"，中国人民大学出版社，1998
24、Robert S. Pindyck,Daniel L. Rubinfeid, "Microecnomics"，中国人民大学出版社，2002
2、王绍熙，王寿椿，《中国对外贸易经济学》，对外经济贸易大学出版社，1998
3、阎克庆等，《中国综合商社》，上海人民出版社，1998
4、钟山，《国有外经贸企业制度创新》，中国对外间接贸易出版社，1996
5、张军，《现代产权经济学》，上海三联书店，1991
6、常修泽，《建立与社会主义市场经济相适应的产权制度》，《宏观经济研究》2004．1
7、张建华，《产权重组推进外贸企业实现国际化》，《对外经贸实务》，2003．8
8、李光林，《试论产权与产权制度》，《国有资产管理》2004年第1期
9、钟山，郑志海，《淡化所有制形态》，《国际贸易》2001．9
10、曾凡银，《安徽省外贸经营体制转变与竞争优势的挖掘》，《国际贸易问题》2003．1
11、《加入WTO后外经贸经营主体发展问题研究》课题组，《鼎足之势中之国企》，《国际贸易》2001．9
12、杜颖芬，《出口退税政策调整的影响》，《中国经贸导刊》2003．22
13、聂高民，王金城，《关于深化国有外贸企业改革的若干战略问题》，《黑龙江对外经贸》2003．1
14、郭秀君，《入世与我国国有专业外贸公司的存在》，《国际贸易问题》2002．5
15、何东霞，《全面理解世贸组织“国营贸易企业”条款》，《国际贸易问题》2003．5．
16、阎志鹏，《“入世”对我国专业外贸企业的影响及发展对策》，《国际贸易问题》2000．10．
17、马野青，《股份合作制：中国中小型国有外贸企业改革的选择》，《国家贸易问题》2000．3
18、孟冬平，《中国外经贸企业改革20年回顾》，《国际商报》2000．9．21
19、杨美景，《我国外贸体制改革的回顾与评价，《新亚经贸》1998．7
20、张友仁，《出口贸易过度竞争的产业组织分析》，《外贸经济、国际贸易》2003．7
21、徐锋，《优化我国外贸产业组织的探索》，《国际贸易问题》2002．4
22、陈涛、王焱薇、骆育芳，《国有外贸企业改革的现状与启示》，《世界经济文汇》，2000．2
23、Paul R. Krugman, Maurice Obstfeid, "International Economics Theory and Policy"，中国人民大学出版社，1998
24、Robert S. Pindyck,Daniel L. Rubinfeid, "Microecnomics"，中国人民大学出版社，2002