网商胜任力模型的构建与测评研究
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摘要
自从20世纪70年代胜任力的概念被提出以来,有关胜任力的理论和应用研究在西方国家迅速展开,得到了大量学者的认可,建立胜任力模型被视作为人力资源管理的逻辑起点和基础。就胜任力的研究而言,在国外起步较早,并且取得了丰富的理论和实践成果,相对来说,国内对其研究刚处于起步阶段,由于胜任力具有文化上的差异性和行业上的差异性,难以将现有的胜任力模型直接移植到中国文化背景下使用,因此为胜任力在国内的应用提供了广阔的研究空间。随着互联网的普及和信息的快速传播,电子商务已经成为当前经济发展的重要支撑力量,利用电子商务开展经营活动的商人被称为网商,对网商胜任力的研究在当前学术界还处于空白。因此,本文将胜任力管理这一思想引入到网商中,丰富了胜任力的理论体系,也有利于建立网商行为规范,实现对网商的有效管理。
本文以网商为研究对象,采用行为事件访谈法、问卷调查法、内容分析法等方法构建了网商胜任力模型。研究中选取27名网商进行了深度访谈,根据访谈结果总结出《胜任力基本分级词典》和《网商胜任特征调查表》,并运用《网商胜任特征调查表》进行了问卷调查,发放问卷180份。结果表明,网商胜任力由社交能力、团队精神、成就欲望、创造性思维、个人影响力、管理领导能力以及人际理解力这七个因子构成。在网商胜任力模型的基础上,通过量表设计与开发技术编制了网商胜任力测评量表,经过项目分辨力系数和内容效度检验后,形成正式量表。对量表进行了折半信度、内容一致性系数、构念效度、效标效度以及验证性因子分析的检验,结构表明量表具有良好的稳定性和有效性。对量表进行调查,共发放问卷1000份,通过实证分析,研究了网商总体发展水平,并统计分析了不同行业、不同从业年限、不同性别以及不同网站的网商胜任力的差异性。最后,在网商胜任力模型的基础上,提出了基于胜任力的网商管理体系建设,针对工作分析、培训、组织文化建设与绩效管理等环节提出了相应的对策。
Since the concept of competence was proposed in 1970s, many academic researches and applications have emerged in the Western countries, and gotten the approval by scholars. Competence model is looked as a central issue and foundation in HR management. In terms of the competence research, an ample of evidences and experiences about competence were harvested in foreign country. Relatively, the researches about competence in China were fewer. Especially, little study was found in. The competence model will be varied in different culture and different industry. So the foreign competence model was not compatible for the Chinese cultural environment. With the mutually popularizing of Network and the speedy propagation of information, Electronic Commerce have already formated an importance strength for the current economic development. The businessman who used of Electronic Commerce to carry out business operations is called network businessman. The research about the competence of network businessman is in blank space in current academic circles. Therefore, this dissertation leaded the idea of competence management into network businessman, enriched the theory system of competence. The effect was also beneficial to build the behavior regulations about network businessman, and realized the effective management of network businessman.
This dissertation choosed network businessman as study object, and adopted the methods such as behavior event interview, questionnaire investigation, and content analysis to structure the competence model of network businessman. This dissertation choosed 27 network businessmen, and carried on in-depth interviews. Through the output of interviews, we obtained the Competence Dictionary and the Competence Characteristic Questionnaire about Network Businessman. According to the interview result and applying the Competence Characteristic Questionnaire about Network Businessman, carried out questionnaire investigation, and gave out 180 questionnaires. The result indicated that the competence of network businessman was composed of social contact ability, team spirit, accomplishment desire, creative thinking, individual influence, the abilities of management and leadership, and comprehension among people. On the basis of the model in network businessman, the Network Businessman Competence Scale was designed through the develop technology of scale. After the test of project resolution coefficient and the consistency reliability, formed the formal scale. The good test-retest and consistency reliability, convergent validity implies the competence scale is very well. After 1000 questionnaires, analysed the overall development level of the network businessman, and statistical analysed the differences of the competence in different industries, different working years, and different Website. Finally, on the basis of competence model of network business, proposed upgrading strategy of network businessman competence, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures for job analysis, training, organizational culture-building and performance management.
本文以网商为研究对象,采用行为事件访谈法、问卷调查法、内容分析法等方法构建了网商胜任力模型。研究中选取27名网商进行了深度访谈,根据访谈结果总结出《胜任力基本分级词典》和《网商胜任特征调查表》,并运用《网商胜任特征调查表》进行了问卷调查,发放问卷180份。结果表明,网商胜任力由社交能力、团队精神、成就欲望、创造性思维、个人影响力、管理领导能力以及人际理解力这七个因子构成。在网商胜任力模型的基础上,通过量表设计与开发技术编制了网商胜任力测评量表,经过项目分辨力系数和内容效度检验后,形成正式量表。对量表进行了折半信度、内容一致性系数、构念效度、效标效度以及验证性因子分析的检验,结构表明量表具有良好的稳定性和有效性。对量表进行调查,共发放问卷1000份,通过实证分析,研究了网商总体发展水平,并统计分析了不同行业、不同从业年限、不同性别以及不同网站的网商胜任力的差异性。最后,在网商胜任力模型的基础上,提出了基于胜任力的网商管理体系建设,针对工作分析、培训、组织文化建设与绩效管理等环节提出了相应的对策。
Since the concept of competence was proposed in 1970s, many academic researches and applications have emerged in the Western countries, and gotten the approval by scholars. Competence model is looked as a central issue and foundation in HR management. In terms of the competence research, an ample of evidences and experiences about competence were harvested in foreign country. Relatively, the researches about competence in China were fewer. Especially, little study was found in. The competence model will be varied in different culture and different industry. So the foreign competence model was not compatible for the Chinese cultural environment. With the mutually popularizing of Network and the speedy propagation of information, Electronic Commerce have already formated an importance strength for the current economic development. The businessman who used of Electronic Commerce to carry out business operations is called network businessman. The research about the competence of network businessman is in blank space in current academic circles. Therefore, this dissertation leaded the idea of competence management into network businessman, enriched the theory system of competence. The effect was also beneficial to build the behavior regulations about network businessman, and realized the effective management of network businessman.
This dissertation choosed network businessman as study object, and adopted the methods such as behavior event interview, questionnaire investigation, and content analysis to structure the competence model of network businessman. This dissertation choosed 27 network businessmen, and carried on in-depth interviews. Through the output of interviews, we obtained the Competence Dictionary and the Competence Characteristic Questionnaire about Network Businessman. According to the interview result and applying the Competence Characteristic Questionnaire about Network Businessman, carried out questionnaire investigation, and gave out 180 questionnaires. The result indicated that the competence of network businessman was composed of social contact ability, team spirit, accomplishment desire, creative thinking, individual influence, the abilities of management and leadership, and comprehension among people. On the basis of the model in network businessman, the Network Businessman Competence Scale was designed through the develop technology of scale. After the test of project resolution coefficient and the consistency reliability, formed the formal scale. The good test-retest and consistency reliability, convergent validity implies the competence scale is very well. After 1000 questionnaires, analysed the overall development level of the network businessman, and statistical analysed the differences of the competence in different industries, different working years, and different Website. Finally, on the basis of competence model of network business, proposed upgrading strategy of network businessman competence, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures for job analysis, training, organizational culture-building and performance management.
引文
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