组织—信息系统互动动态网络模拟研究
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摘要
人类进入二十一信息化世纪，信息系统与人类组织之间的关系越来越密切，信息系统为人类组织服务，提高组织效率；而组织流程也对信息系统的设计、实施以及维护一系列过程产生着影响。两者之间的协调互动是复杂的管理和技术问题。本文通过基于多智能体模拟与网络分析的集成方法研究了信息系统与组织的协调互动规律。
全文从社会技术系统理论角度出发，针对信息系统与组织作用的正反两个方向，对组织采纳行为和组织网络结构等组织特性对信息系统(包括信息技术)实施前和过程中成功的影响；以及信息化后信息系统对组织适应性的影响、组织中的交互记忆系统对组织绩效的影响以及信息系统和组织协同机理进行了模拟实验和网络分析。
以开源软件开发中源代码开发管理系统与开发人员之间的协调互动为例，对信息系统和组织的协调性问题进行了网络分析。在开源软件开发中，用递交代码的数量作为衡量软件项目成败的一个重要指标，并作为判断信息系统实施是否成功的指标，亦作为开发者社区成功与否的指标。从中介性、等级性、边缘性、一致性和邻接性五个方面探讨了信息系统和组织相互依存中的协调性问题。
用实证数据驱动的模拟模型研究了信息系统采纳和扩散过程中的用户之间以及组织与信息系统扩散之间的互动行为。以电子商务系统为例的实证数据，建立了基于多智能体的模拟模型，分析了电子商务系统在组织中扩散的宏观涌现过程。分析了组织拓扑结构、组织规模、组织文化、组织内沟通四方面因素对信息系统扩散的影响。
提出了一个计算模型来描述信息技术在社会网络中病毒性扩散(网络传播)的过程，并利用基于多智能体模拟方法对不同的社会网络拓扑结构下信息技术的扩散特性进行了研究。分析了利用社会网络营销与大众传媒相结合的传播信息技术策略以及在不同社会网络下的宣传应对措施。
为探索交互记忆系统对信息化环境下组织型团队中的人群与工作互动的影响，交互记忆系统通过基于多智能体的计算机模拟方法被引入到此研究中，提出了一个组织计算模型来描述任务、个体、技能的复杂联系；用交互记忆系统中任务执行、沟通、学习规则来驱动此模型。
利用了基于多智能体模拟的方法检验组织适应性的四个不同维度：敏捷性、鲁棒性、组织韧性以及组织生存性。通过任务与组织互动的模拟研究，着重分析了一个销售型信息化组织的适应性的动态特征。
In 21st century of information era, the relationships between information system and human organization become more and more tight. Information system can help human organization improve performance, and the suitable organization structure can help information system design, implement, maintain better. The coordination between these two is a complex managerial and technical issue. This paper uses agent-based social simulation and network analysis to study the coordination between information system and human organization.
This paper discusses the issue of coordination between information system and organization from social-technical system theory, and categorizes into two directions: the impact of organization on information system and opposite direction. This paper combines simulation study and empirical research to study several questions related to coordination between information system and organization.
A network analysis is used in study coordination network between information system and organzaiton. We uses open source software (OSS) community as an exmple. The success of OSS projects is related to the dependency structures among developers, projects, modules and files. We use empirical data from sourceforge.net to observe phenomena of the coordination among developers and among modules. The impact of coordination in dependency networks on project success is examined to align with coordination criteria: intermediation, hierarchization, marginalization, consistency and adjacency.
IS adoption and diffusion using an empirical relationships is studied based modelling and simulation method. We select an E-commerce system as our research object and design questionnaire to obtain data from E-commerce users. In the simulation study, from the viewpoint of organization, we find insights related to the impact of organizational size, culture, communication, network structure on information technology diffusion, and testify the IT diffusion is the emergent phenomena of IS adoption at the macro level.
We propose a computational model to reconstruct the spreading of IT (information technology) in social networks. Using this computational model as a test-bed and running a series of virtual experiments, we acquire observations and implications about how to choose an initial set of people to maximize the performance of spreading IT. Also, we observe and analyze the impacts of the network structures including topology, size and density and the initial selected number of targeted people on the dynamics of mobile viral advertising. The virtual experiments also help us to examine the suitable policies for combining viral adverting with mass marketing.
To research interaction between group and task in information organzation, Transactive Memory is introduced to computer simulation in this paper. AMTMGTI (Agent-based Model of Transactive Memory for Group-Task Interaction) is proposed to describe the mechanism in group-task interaction. Among tasks, individuals and skills of a project team in an organzation, there are many relationships in complex team network. We use some action rules related to task execution, communication and learning in Transactive Memory System to drive this AMTMGTI model.
We also use a computational model to examine organizational adaptation on four dimensions: Agility, Robustness, Resilience, and Survivability. We analyze the dynamics of organizational adaptation by a simulation study on the interaction between tasks and organization in a sales enterprise.
全文从社会技术系统理论角度出发，针对信息系统与组织作用的正反两个方向，对组织采纳行为和组织网络结构等组织特性对信息系统(包括信息技术)实施前和过程中成功的影响；以及信息化后信息系统对组织适应性的影响、组织中的交互记忆系统对组织绩效的影响以及信息系统和组织协同机理进行了模拟实验和网络分析。
以开源软件开发中源代码开发管理系统与开发人员之间的协调互动为例，对信息系统和组织的协调性问题进行了网络分析。在开源软件开发中，用递交代码的数量作为衡量软件项目成败的一个重要指标，并作为判断信息系统实施是否成功的指标，亦作为开发者社区成功与否的指标。从中介性、等级性、边缘性、一致性和邻接性五个方面探讨了信息系统和组织相互依存中的协调性问题。
用实证数据驱动的模拟模型研究了信息系统采纳和扩散过程中的用户之间以及组织与信息系统扩散之间的互动行为。以电子商务系统为例的实证数据，建立了基于多智能体的模拟模型，分析了电子商务系统在组织中扩散的宏观涌现过程。分析了组织拓扑结构、组织规模、组织文化、组织内沟通四方面因素对信息系统扩散的影响。
提出了一个计算模型来描述信息技术在社会网络中病毒性扩散(网络传播)的过程，并利用基于多智能体模拟方法对不同的社会网络拓扑结构下信息技术的扩散特性进行了研究。分析了利用社会网络营销与大众传媒相结合的传播信息技术策略以及在不同社会网络下的宣传应对措施。
为探索交互记忆系统对信息化环境下组织型团队中的人群与工作互动的影响，交互记忆系统通过基于多智能体的计算机模拟方法被引入到此研究中，提出了一个组织计算模型来描述任务、个体、技能的复杂联系；用交互记忆系统中任务执行、沟通、学习规则来驱动此模型。
利用了基于多智能体模拟的方法检验组织适应性的四个不同维度：敏捷性、鲁棒性、组织韧性以及组织生存性。通过任务与组织互动的模拟研究，着重分析了一个销售型信息化组织的适应性的动态特征。
In 21st century of information era, the relationships between information system and human organization become more and more tight. Information system can help human organization improve performance, and the suitable organization structure can help information system design, implement, maintain better. The coordination between these two is a complex managerial and technical issue. This paper uses agent-based social simulation and network analysis to study the coordination between information system and human organization.
This paper discusses the issue of coordination between information system and organization from social-technical system theory, and categorizes into two directions: the impact of organization on information system and opposite direction. This paper combines simulation study and empirical research to study several questions related to coordination between information system and organization.
A network analysis is used in study coordination network between information system and organzaiton. We uses open source software (OSS) community as an exmple. The success of OSS projects is related to the dependency structures among developers, projects, modules and files. We use empirical data from sourceforge.net to observe phenomena of the coordination among developers and among modules. The impact of coordination in dependency networks on project success is examined to align with coordination criteria: intermediation, hierarchization, marginalization, consistency and adjacency.
IS adoption and diffusion using an empirical relationships is studied based modelling and simulation method. We select an E-commerce system as our research object and design questionnaire to obtain data from E-commerce users. In the simulation study, from the viewpoint of organization, we find insights related to the impact of organizational size, culture, communication, network structure on information technology diffusion, and testify the IT diffusion is the emergent phenomena of IS adoption at the macro level.
We propose a computational model to reconstruct the spreading of IT (information technology) in social networks. Using this computational model as a test-bed and running a series of virtual experiments, we acquire observations and implications about how to choose an initial set of people to maximize the performance of spreading IT. Also, we observe and analyze the impacts of the network structures including topology, size and density and the initial selected number of targeted people on the dynamics of mobile viral advertising. The virtual experiments also help us to examine the suitable policies for combining viral adverting with mass marketing.
To research interaction between group and task in information organzation, Transactive Memory is introduced to computer simulation in this paper. AMTMGTI (Agent-based Model of Transactive Memory for Group-Task Interaction) is proposed to describe the mechanism in group-task interaction. Among tasks, individuals and skills of a project team in an organzation, there are many relationships in complex team network. We use some action rules related to task execution, communication and learning in Transactive Memory System to drive this AMTMGTI model.
We also use a computational model to examine organizational adaptation on four dimensions: Agility, Robustness, Resilience, and Survivability. We analyze the dynamics of organizational adaptation by a simulation study on the interaction between tasks and organization in a sales enterprise.
引文
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