围湖造田不同土地利用方式对土壤有机碳库的影响
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摘要
围湖造田是我国20世纪50年代后期开始大量出现的与水争地的人类干扰活动。本项研究以太湖流域肖甸湖区为代表,测定分析了肖甸湖区围湖造田35年后,香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)林、水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)林、毛竹(Phyllostachys heterocycla)林、农田这4种土地利用方式下0~40 cm土层土壤活性有机碳与表层土壤呼吸的动态变化。结果表明:
围湖地区土壤水溶性有机碳和易氧化碳分配比例(1.22%~3.03%、10.56%~30.64%)高于相同气候区的山地森林土壤,颗粒有机碳分配比例(3.43%~17.28%)较低,说明土壤易分解组分占总有机碳比例较高,而保护性组分所占比例较低,围湖地区土壤有机碳稳定性较差。与围湖地区内的溪流底泥相比,林地与农田表层土壤总有机碳含量均有明显增加。
不同土地利用方式土壤微生物生物量碳含量季节变化显著,3种林地在3个土层中均表现出夏秋季节大于冬春季节,而农田在秋、冬、春3个季节波动不大,仅在进入夏季时含量有显著增加。4种土地利用方式土壤微生物生物量碳含量在垂直方向上均具有明显的分层现象,自上而下呈下降趋势。不同土地利用方式对土壤微生物生物量碳的影响,农田显著大于3种林地,阔叶林大于针叶林。
不同土地利用方式土壤水溶性有机碳含量均表现出明显的季节动态,总体表现为秋冬季节大于春夏季节。3种林地土壤水溶性有机碳含量在垂直方向上具有明显的分层现象,自上而下呈下降趋势;农田土壤水溶性有机碳含量在垂直方向上表现为亚表层(10~20 cm、20~40 cm)高于表层(0~10 cm)土壤。不同土地利用方式对土壤水溶性有机碳的影响,0~10 cm土层3种林地大于农田,阔叶林小于针叶林;10~20 cm与20~40 cm土层农田大于3种林地,针叶林小于阔叶林。
不同土地利用方式土壤易氧化碳含量季节动态表现不同,香樟林与毛竹林春夏季节大于冬季,水杉林与农田季节波动较小,农田表层(0~10 cm)土壤易氧化碳含量季节变化不显著。4种土地利用方式土壤易氧化碳含量在垂直方向上均具有明显的分层现象,自上而下呈下降趋势。不同土地利用方式对土壤易氧化碳的影响,3种林地大于农田。
不同土地利用方式土壤呼吸具有一致的显著季节变化,夏季最高,冬季最低,其季节变化主要受土壤温度的控制。与相同气候区旱地森林相比,围湖地区土壤呼吸速率较高,Q10值较大。
Reclaiming land from a lake area is a kind of human disturbance that has emerged in large numbers since the late 1950s in China. In order to understand the characteristics of soil organic carbon pools in the reclaiming land from lake under different land uses in the Xiaodian Lake area, the concentrations and seasonal fluctuation of soil labile organic carbon in the 0~40 cm soil layer and soil respiration at the surface were analyzed. The results showed that:
The proportions of soil water soluble organic carbon (WSOC)(1.22%~3.03%) and readily oxidizable carbon (ROC)(10.56%~30.64%) were higher than those in highland forests of the same climate zone, while the proportions of soil particulate organic carbon (POC)(3.43%~17.28%) were lower. That implied that the stability of soil organic carbon was poor in impoldering land. Compared with the remnant stream sediment in the research region, soil total organic carbon (TOC) under the forests and the cropland significantly increased.
Seasonal dynamics of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) under each land use were significantly. MBC concentrations under the forests in summer and autumn were higher than those in winter and spring. Under the cropland the seasonal changes of MBC from autumn to spring were slight, and significantly increased in summer. The concentrations of MBC under each land use decreased sharply with increasing soil depth. MBC concentrations under the cropland were higher than those in the forests, and the concentrations under coniferous forest were lower than those in broadleaf forest.
Seasonal dynamics of WSOC under different land uses were significantly. The concentrations of WSOC in autumn and winter were higher than those in spring and summer, generally. WSOC concentrations under forests decreased sharply with increasing soil depth. The vertical change of WSOC concentrations in the cropland soil was different from the forests: the highest concentrations were at 10~20 cm depth while the lowest were at 0~10 cm depth. The concentrations of WSOC under the cropland were lower than those in the forests at 0~10 cm deep of soil layer, and the concentrations under coniferous forest were higher than those in broadleaf forest. At 10~20 cm and 20~40 cm deep of soil layer WSOC concentrations under the cropland were higher than those in the forests, and the concentrations under coniferous forest were lower than those in broadleaf forest.
ROC concentrations under Cinnamomum camphora and Phyllostachys heterocycla in spring and summer were higher than those in winter, while under Metasequoia glyptostroboides and the cropland the seasonal changes were relatively slight. The concentrations of ROC declined with increasing depths. ROC concentrations under the cropland were lower than those in the forests.
There were significant seasonal variation of soil respiration under each land use, showing that the highest value was in summer while the lowest value was in winter. Soil temperature was the main factor controlling the seasonal fluctuation of soil respiration. The soil respiration and the Q10 value were higher in the impoldering land relative to the upland of the same climate zone.
围湖地区土壤水溶性有机碳和易氧化碳分配比例(1.22%~3.03%、10.56%~30.64%)高于相同气候区的山地森林土壤,颗粒有机碳分配比例(3.43%~17.28%)较低,说明土壤易分解组分占总有机碳比例较高,而保护性组分所占比例较低,围湖地区土壤有机碳稳定性较差。与围湖地区内的溪流底泥相比,林地与农田表层土壤总有机碳含量均有明显增加。
不同土地利用方式土壤微生物生物量碳含量季节变化显著,3种林地在3个土层中均表现出夏秋季节大于冬春季节,而农田在秋、冬、春3个季节波动不大,仅在进入夏季时含量有显著增加。4种土地利用方式土壤微生物生物量碳含量在垂直方向上均具有明显的分层现象,自上而下呈下降趋势。不同土地利用方式对土壤微生物生物量碳的影响,农田显著大于3种林地,阔叶林大于针叶林。
不同土地利用方式土壤水溶性有机碳含量均表现出明显的季节动态,总体表现为秋冬季节大于春夏季节。3种林地土壤水溶性有机碳含量在垂直方向上具有明显的分层现象,自上而下呈下降趋势;农田土壤水溶性有机碳含量在垂直方向上表现为亚表层(10~20 cm、20~40 cm)高于表层(0~10 cm)土壤。不同土地利用方式对土壤水溶性有机碳的影响,0~10 cm土层3种林地大于农田,阔叶林小于针叶林;10~20 cm与20~40 cm土层农田大于3种林地,针叶林小于阔叶林。
不同土地利用方式土壤易氧化碳含量季节动态表现不同,香樟林与毛竹林春夏季节大于冬季,水杉林与农田季节波动较小,农田表层(0~10 cm)土壤易氧化碳含量季节变化不显著。4种土地利用方式土壤易氧化碳含量在垂直方向上均具有明显的分层现象,自上而下呈下降趋势。不同土地利用方式对土壤易氧化碳的影响,3种林地大于农田。
不同土地利用方式土壤呼吸具有一致的显著季节变化,夏季最高,冬季最低,其季节变化主要受土壤温度的控制。与相同气候区旱地森林相比,围湖地区土壤呼吸速率较高,Q10值较大。
Reclaiming land from a lake area is a kind of human disturbance that has emerged in large numbers since the late 1950s in China. In order to understand the characteristics of soil organic carbon pools in the reclaiming land from lake under different land uses in the Xiaodian Lake area, the concentrations and seasonal fluctuation of soil labile organic carbon in the 0~40 cm soil layer and soil respiration at the surface were analyzed. The results showed that:
The proportions of soil water soluble organic carbon (WSOC)(1.22%~3.03%) and readily oxidizable carbon (ROC)(10.56%~30.64%) were higher than those in highland forests of the same climate zone, while the proportions of soil particulate organic carbon (POC)(3.43%~17.28%) were lower. That implied that the stability of soil organic carbon was poor in impoldering land. Compared with the remnant stream sediment in the research region, soil total organic carbon (TOC) under the forests and the cropland significantly increased.
Seasonal dynamics of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) under each land use were significantly. MBC concentrations under the forests in summer and autumn were higher than those in winter and spring. Under the cropland the seasonal changes of MBC from autumn to spring were slight, and significantly increased in summer. The concentrations of MBC under each land use decreased sharply with increasing soil depth. MBC concentrations under the cropland were higher than those in the forests, and the concentrations under coniferous forest were lower than those in broadleaf forest.
Seasonal dynamics of WSOC under different land uses were significantly. The concentrations of WSOC in autumn and winter were higher than those in spring and summer, generally. WSOC concentrations under forests decreased sharply with increasing soil depth. The vertical change of WSOC concentrations in the cropland soil was different from the forests: the highest concentrations were at 10~20 cm depth while the lowest were at 0~10 cm depth. The concentrations of WSOC under the cropland were lower than those in the forests at 0~10 cm deep of soil layer, and the concentrations under coniferous forest were higher than those in broadleaf forest. At 10~20 cm and 20~40 cm deep of soil layer WSOC concentrations under the cropland were higher than those in the forests, and the concentrations under coniferous forest were lower than those in broadleaf forest.
ROC concentrations under Cinnamomum camphora and Phyllostachys heterocycla in spring and summer were higher than those in winter, while under Metasequoia glyptostroboides and the cropland the seasonal changes were relatively slight. The concentrations of ROC declined with increasing depths. ROC concentrations under the cropland were lower than those in the forests.
There were significant seasonal variation of soil respiration under each land use, showing that the highest value was in summer while the lowest value was in winter. Soil temperature was the main factor controlling the seasonal fluctuation of soil respiration. The soil respiration and the Q10 value were higher in the impoldering land relative to the upland of the same climate zone.
引文
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