番木瓜性别分化与内源激素及多胺关系的研究
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摘要
本研究以番木瓜(Carica papaya L.)的叶片为研究材料,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术,测定了不同颜色叶柄番木瓜雄株和雌株叶片中的激素和多胺,对同种色柄不同性别以及不同色柄同种性别的番木瓜性别分化前后的激素和多胺进行比较分析,主要结果如下:
     1.番木瓜雌株和雄株在雄株现蕾之前玉米素含量有轻微差异:绿柄雌株叶片中的玉米素含量高于绿柄雄株的,两者都呈现上升趋势:而紫柄雌株叶片中反式玉米素含量在雄株现蕾时低于紫柄雄株,两者都呈现下降趋势。绿柄紫柄番木瓜在雄株现蕾时,雌株现蕾前一周,表现不一样。
     2.番木瓜雌株和雄株在雄株现蕾之前Put含量有明显的差异:绿柄和紫柄番木瓜不同株性叶片中Put含量均表现为雌株高于雄株;而Put变化趋势绿柄雌雄株与紫柄雌株变化一致,跟紫柄雄株不同。对于多胺中Spd和Spm,绿柄植株与紫柄植株变化没有明显的规律性。Put可能与番木瓜性别分化有关系,在雄株现蕾的时候,雌株中的含量高于雄株的。
     3.在激素样品的HPLC检测中出现5种重复性好的未知物质,其中有4种未知物质在雄株开花之前,雌株的含量明显高于雄株的含量:在雄株现蕾之前未知物质1、2、3、4在雌雄株中都呈现上升趋势,紫柄雌株未知物质2是下降的。这些物质也可能是某些内源调节物质,它们可能与番木瓜性别分化过程有关系。
     4.比较了不同的高效液相色谱样品提取分离方法,在此基础上采用新的激素提取方法,简化了实验过程,缩短了实验时间,成功检测出反式玉米素的含量。
Materials used for this study were green-stalk and purple-stalk plants of female and male papaya, Carica papaya L. Endogenous hormones and polyamines in the leaves were detected by the method of HPLC, and changes in the hormones and polyamines of the papaya leaves between the female and the male, the green-stalk and the purple-stalk plants, were analyzed. The main results were as follows:
    1. Before the male plants blossomed, there was a little difference of zeatin in the leaves between the female and the male. For the green-stalk plants, the zeatin of the female was higher than that of the male although the zeatin in two sexes of the plants increased. For the purple-stalk papaya, however, the zeatin of the female was lower than that of the male though the zeatin in two sexes of the plants decreased.
    2. Before the male plants blossomed, there was a great difference of Put in the leaves between the female and the male. Both the green-stalk and the purple-stock plants, the Put of the female was higher than that of the male. Except for the purple-stalk female, the trend of Put variation of the purple-stalk male was the same as the green-stock female and male plants. The trend of Spd and Spm variation was not found with any obvious regularity. It seemed that the Put was related to the sexual differentiation of the papaya, and the high Put level might be beneficial to the female differentiation.
    3. In the samples tested, we found five unknown materials, which were named as W1 W2 W3 W4 and W5, respectively. Before the male plants blossomed , W1 W2 W3 W4 in the female were higher than those in the male, and they increased both in the female and the male plants except that
    
    
    
    W2 in the purple-stalk female plants decreased. It seemed that the unknown materials were some endogenous regulators of the plants, and they might be related to the sexual differentiation of the papaya.
    4. A new simple, rapid method was used to separate and determine the plant hormones based on comparison of formerly reported techniques, and it was proved successful in determining the trans-zeatin in the papaya leaves.
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