关于IVF-ET后早期妊娠出血的相关性研究
摘要
目的:
早期妊娠出血(First-trimester bleeding)是指妊娠三个月内发生的阴道出血。常见原因有流产,异位妊娠等。其中先兆流产是最常见的原因之一,而体外受精-胚胎移植(invitro fertilization-embryo transfer,IVF-ET)早期妊娠出血率明显高于正常妊娠。其原因尚未明了。本研究对通过实施IVF-ET技术妊娠早期出血及未出血妇女的基础血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)水平以及妊娠30天、45天雌二醇(E2),孕酮(P)水平, B超检查胚胎着床位置,以及子宫位置探讨其出血的原因,以便及早的采取人为的干预,改善IVF-ET的妊娠结局
方法:
1研究对象:
取2008年11月到2009年1月在我科行体外受精-胚胎移植(invitro fertilization-embryo transfer,IVF-ET)及卵细胞浆内单精子注射-胚胎移植(intracytoplasmic sperm injection -embryo transfer ICSI-ET)的妊娠患者39例,年龄在24到35岁,平均年龄29.56±3.14,均为第一胎妊娠,不孕原因均为输卵管因素以及男方因素,并排除习惯性流产,母体生殖道解剖结构异常及子宫内膜病变,妊娠早期无感冒、发热及服药史,无接触放射线或有害化学物质史;无吸烟、酗酒等不良习惯,非近亲结婚配。
1.1实验组(早期妊娠出血组):出现妊娠12周内出现阴道出血患者9例,年龄30.11±3.10岁
1.2对照组:同期实施IVF/ICSI后妊娠其他患者30例,妊娠12周内未出现阴道出血,年龄29.40±3.18岁.
2研究方法和测定内容:
2.1内分泌激素测定:化学发光法测定基础血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)水平,妊娠30天以及45天雌二醇(E2),孕酮(P)水平。
2.2胚胎着床位置的测定:B超测定妊娠45天孕囊中心距宫颈内口的距离
结果:
1实验组与对照组基础FSH、LH、E2的比较
①基础FSH分别为(6.65±1.05 mIU/ml vs 7.23±1.60mIU/ml),
②基础LH分别为(5.19±0.88mIU/ml vs 4.71±1.05mIU/ml),③基础E2分别为(39.00±6.04pg/ml vs 39.57±13.02 pg/ml)
2实验组与对照组妊娠30天E2.P水平的比较
①实验组与对照组比较E2 1435.22±733.08 pg/ml VS 2425.77±1055.08pg/ml②实验组与对照组比较P 36.35±5.85 pg/ml VS 38.14±4.80pg/ml
3实验组与对照组妊娠45天E2.P水平的比较
①实验组与对照组比较E2 1886.89±1087.59 pg/ml VS 2773.37±844.17pg/ml
②实验组与对照组比较P 36.89±5.35 pg/ml VS 38.90±3.23pg/ml
4实验组与对照组妊娠45天时B超测定胚胎着床位置的比较为34.00±8.26mm VS 43.00±7.21mm实验组前位子宫7例,后位子宫2例,对照组前位子宫25例,后位子宫5例
结论:
1与对照组患者相比,实验组患者基础血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)水平无统计学差异
2妊娠30天,实验组患者雌二醇(E2)水平低于对照组(P=0.019<0.05)有统计学差异,孕酮(P)水平无统计学差异
3妊娠45天,实验组患者雌二醇(E2)水平低于对照组(P=0.017<0.05)有统计学差异,孕酮(P)水平无统计学差异
4妊娠45天行阴道B超检查,实验组胚胎着床位置明显低于对照组(P=0.003<0.01),具有统计学差异。
5实验组与对照组子宫位置无明显差异。
Purpose:
Early pregnancy bleeding (First-trimester bleeding) are referring to happen within three months of pregnancy vaginal bleeding. In vitro fertilization - embryo culture (invitro fertilization-embryo transfer, IVF-ET) high abortion rate, early pregnancy bleeding pregnancy rate is much higher than normal. Unknown reasons.Through this experiment, human assisted reproductive technology (Assisted Reproductive Technology ART), as well as after a natural pregnancy bleeding during early pregnancy in patients with basic serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2) level and 30 of pregnancy days of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) level of 45 days of pregnancy estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) levels and implantation location of B-ultrasound, uterine hemorrhage location to explore the reasons for so early take man-made interventions to improve the IVF-ET Pregnancy Outcome。
Methods:
1 study: From November 2008 to January 2009 at my Branch in vitro fertilization - embryo transfer (invitro fertilization-embryo transfer, IVF-ET) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection - embryo transfer (intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer ICSI-ET) of 39 cases of pregnancy, age at 24-35 years old, the average age of 29.56±3.14, are the first pregnancy, tubal factor infertility as well as the former are male factors, exclusion of habitual abortion, maternal reproductive tract abnormalities and anatomical structures within the uterus membrane lesions, early pregnancy without a cold, fever history, no medication history, then no radiation or the history of harmful chemical substances; no smoking, drinking and other bad habits, with non-consanguineous marriage.
1.1 Experimental group (early pregnancy bleeding group): 12 weeks of pregnancy there appeared nine cases of patients with vaginal bleeding, age 30.11±3.10 years old
1.2 Control group: the same period in IVF / ICSI pregnancy 30 cases of other patients, 12 weeks of pregnancy does not appear vaginal bleeding, age 29.40±3.18 years old,
All patients are first child, pregnancy, rule out the possibility of habitual abortion, maternal reproductive tract anatomy and abnormal endometrial lesions, early pregnancy without a cold, fever history, no medication history, then no radiation or the history of harmful chemical substances; no smoking , alcohol and other bad habits, with non-consanguineous marriage.
2 Research Methods and Determination of Content:
2.1 Determination of embryo implantation Location: B super-center distance measured progesterone capsule away from the mouth of the cervix
2.2 Determination of endocrine hormone: basic Chemiluminescence Determination of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2) and 30 days of pregnancy 45 days of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P).
Results:
1 experimental group and control group basic FSH, LH, E2 Comparison
①basic FSH, respectively (6.65±1.05 mIU / ml vs 7.23±1.60mIU/ml),②basic LH, respectively (5.19±0.88mIU/ml vs 4.71±1.05mIU/ml),③basic E2, respect ively (39.00±6.04pg/ml vs 39.57±13.02 pg / ml)
2 the experimental group and control group 30 days of pregnancy compared E2.P level
①experimental group E2 1435.22±733.08 pg / ml VS 2425.77±1055.08pg/ml
②experimental group P 36.35±5.85 pg / ml VS 38.14±4.80pg/ml
3 the experimental group and control group 45 days of pregnancy compared E2.P level
①experimental group E2 1886.89±1087.59 pg / ml VS 2773.37±844.17pg/ml
②experimental group P 36.89±5.35 pg / ml VS 38.90±3.23pg/ml
4 with the control group 45 days of pregnancy embryo implantation B-Determination of the location of the experimental group compared 34.00±8.26mm VS 43.00±7.21mm
Experimental group, three cases of anterior implantation, the posterior wall of six cases of implantation, the anterior wall of the control group 13 cases of implantation, the posterior wall of 17 cases of implantation
Experimental group, 7 cases of uterine anterior, posterior uterine Example 2, the control group 25 cases of anterior uterus, 5 cases of posterior uterine
Conclusion:
1 patients compared with the control group, experimental group of patients with basic serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2) level was no significant difference
2 pregnant 30 days, experimental group of patients with estradiol (E2) level was lower than the control group (P <0.05), progesterone (P) level of no significant difference 3 of pregnancy 45 days, experimental group of patients with estradiol (E2) level was lower than the control group (P <0.05), progesterone (P) level of no significant difference
4 lines 45 days of pregnancy vaginal ultrasonography B, the experimental group is lower than on the embryo implantation
Control group (P <0.05), the experimental group and control group, no significant difference between the location of the uterus. Implantation in the uterine wall position was no significant difference
So the diagnosis of bleeding of early pregnancy early only estradiol (E2), embryo implantation Location prediction has significance
早期妊娠出血(First-trimester bleeding)是指妊娠三个月内发生的阴道出血。常见原因有流产,异位妊娠等。其中先兆流产是最常见的原因之一,而体外受精-胚胎移植(invitro fertilization-embryo transfer,IVF-ET)早期妊娠出血率明显高于正常妊娠。其原因尚未明了。本研究对通过实施IVF-ET技术妊娠早期出血及未出血妇女的基础血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)水平以及妊娠30天、45天雌二醇(E2),孕酮(P)水平, B超检查胚胎着床位置,以及子宫位置探讨其出血的原因,以便及早的采取人为的干预,改善IVF-ET的妊娠结局
方法:
1研究对象:
取2008年11月到2009年1月在我科行体外受精-胚胎移植(invitro fertilization-embryo transfer,IVF-ET)及卵细胞浆内单精子注射-胚胎移植(intracytoplasmic sperm injection -embryo transfer ICSI-ET)的妊娠患者39例,年龄在24到35岁,平均年龄29.56±3.14,均为第一胎妊娠,不孕原因均为输卵管因素以及男方因素,并排除习惯性流产,母体生殖道解剖结构异常及子宫内膜病变,妊娠早期无感冒、发热及服药史,无接触放射线或有害化学物质史;无吸烟、酗酒等不良习惯,非近亲结婚配。
1.1实验组(早期妊娠出血组):出现妊娠12周内出现阴道出血患者9例,年龄30.11±3.10岁
1.2对照组:同期实施IVF/ICSI后妊娠其他患者30例,妊娠12周内未出现阴道出血,年龄29.40±3.18岁.
2研究方法和测定内容:
2.1内分泌激素测定:化学发光法测定基础血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)水平,妊娠30天以及45天雌二醇(E2),孕酮(P)水平。
2.2胚胎着床位置的测定:B超测定妊娠45天孕囊中心距宫颈内口的距离
结果:
1实验组与对照组基础FSH、LH、E2的比较
①基础FSH分别为(6.65±1.05 mIU/ml vs 7.23±1.60mIU/ml),
②基础LH分别为(5.19±0.88mIU/ml vs 4.71±1.05mIU/ml),③基础E2分别为(39.00±6.04pg/ml vs 39.57±13.02 pg/ml)
2实验组与对照组妊娠30天E2.P水平的比较
①实验组与对照组比较E2 1435.22±733.08 pg/ml VS 2425.77±1055.08pg/ml②实验组与对照组比较P 36.35±5.85 pg/ml VS 38.14±4.80pg/ml
3实验组与对照组妊娠45天E2.P水平的比较
①实验组与对照组比较E2 1886.89±1087.59 pg/ml VS 2773.37±844.17pg/ml
②实验组与对照组比较P 36.89±5.35 pg/ml VS 38.90±3.23pg/ml
4实验组与对照组妊娠45天时B超测定胚胎着床位置的比较为34.00±8.26mm VS 43.00±7.21mm实验组前位子宫7例,后位子宫2例,对照组前位子宫25例,后位子宫5例
结论:
1与对照组患者相比,实验组患者基础血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)水平无统计学差异
2妊娠30天,实验组患者雌二醇(E2)水平低于对照组(P=0.019<0.05)有统计学差异,孕酮(P)水平无统计学差异
3妊娠45天,实验组患者雌二醇(E2)水平低于对照组(P=0.017<0.05)有统计学差异,孕酮(P)水平无统计学差异
4妊娠45天行阴道B超检查,实验组胚胎着床位置明显低于对照组(P=0.003<0.01),具有统计学差异。
5实验组与对照组子宫位置无明显差异。
Purpose:
Early pregnancy bleeding (First-trimester bleeding) are referring to happen within three months of pregnancy vaginal bleeding. In vitro fertilization - embryo culture (invitro fertilization-embryo transfer, IVF-ET) high abortion rate, early pregnancy bleeding pregnancy rate is much higher than normal. Unknown reasons.Through this experiment, human assisted reproductive technology (Assisted Reproductive Technology ART), as well as after a natural pregnancy bleeding during early pregnancy in patients with basic serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2) level and 30 of pregnancy days of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) level of 45 days of pregnancy estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) levels and implantation location of B-ultrasound, uterine hemorrhage location to explore the reasons for so early take man-made interventions to improve the IVF-ET Pregnancy Outcome。
Methods:
1 study: From November 2008 to January 2009 at my Branch in vitro fertilization - embryo transfer (invitro fertilization-embryo transfer, IVF-ET) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection - embryo transfer (intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer ICSI-ET) of 39 cases of pregnancy, age at 24-35 years old, the average age of 29.56±3.14, are the first pregnancy, tubal factor infertility as well as the former are male factors, exclusion of habitual abortion, maternal reproductive tract abnormalities and anatomical structures within the uterus membrane lesions, early pregnancy without a cold, fever history, no medication history, then no radiation or the history of harmful chemical substances; no smoking, drinking and other bad habits, with non-consanguineous marriage.
1.1 Experimental group (early pregnancy bleeding group): 12 weeks of pregnancy there appeared nine cases of patients with vaginal bleeding, age 30.11±3.10 years old
1.2 Control group: the same period in IVF / ICSI pregnancy 30 cases of other patients, 12 weeks of pregnancy does not appear vaginal bleeding, age 29.40±3.18 years old,
All patients are first child, pregnancy, rule out the possibility of habitual abortion, maternal reproductive tract anatomy and abnormal endometrial lesions, early pregnancy without a cold, fever history, no medication history, then no radiation or the history of harmful chemical substances; no smoking , alcohol and other bad habits, with non-consanguineous marriage.
2 Research Methods and Determination of Content:
2.1 Determination of embryo implantation Location: B super-center distance measured progesterone capsule away from the mouth of the cervix
2.2 Determination of endocrine hormone: basic Chemiluminescence Determination of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2) and 30 days of pregnancy 45 days of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P).
Results:
1 experimental group and control group basic FSH, LH, E2 Comparison
①basic FSH, respectively (6.65±1.05 mIU / ml vs 7.23±1.60mIU/ml),②basic LH, respectively (5.19±0.88mIU/ml vs 4.71±1.05mIU/ml),③basic E2, respect ively (39.00±6.04pg/ml vs 39.57±13.02 pg / ml)
2 the experimental group and control group 30 days of pregnancy compared E2.P level
①experimental group E2 1435.22±733.08 pg / ml VS 2425.77±1055.08pg/ml
②experimental group P 36.35±5.85 pg / ml VS 38.14±4.80pg/ml
3 the experimental group and control group 45 days of pregnancy compared E2.P level
①experimental group E2 1886.89±1087.59 pg / ml VS 2773.37±844.17pg/ml
②experimental group P 36.89±5.35 pg / ml VS 38.90±3.23pg/ml
4 with the control group 45 days of pregnancy embryo implantation B-Determination of the location of the experimental group compared 34.00±8.26mm VS 43.00±7.21mm
Experimental group, three cases of anterior implantation, the posterior wall of six cases of implantation, the anterior wall of the control group 13 cases of implantation, the posterior wall of 17 cases of implantation
Experimental group, 7 cases of uterine anterior, posterior uterine Example 2, the control group 25 cases of anterior uterus, 5 cases of posterior uterine
Conclusion:
1 patients compared with the control group, experimental group of patients with basic serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2) level was no significant difference
2 pregnant 30 days, experimental group of patients with estradiol (E2) level was lower than the control group (P <0.05), progesterone (P) level of no significant difference 3 of pregnancy 45 days, experimental group of patients with estradiol (E2) level was lower than the control group (P <0.05), progesterone (P) level of no significant difference
4 lines 45 days of pregnancy vaginal ultrasonography B, the experimental group is lower than on the embryo implantation
Control group (P <0.05), the experimental group and control group, no significant difference between the location of the uterus. Implantation in the uterine wall position was no significant difference
So the diagnosis of bleeding of early pregnancy early only estradiol (E2), embryo implantation Location prediction has significance
引文
1谢瑞兰李斌张海青252例先兆流产妇女妊娠结局及相关因素分析J Med Res,Jan 2OO6,Vo1.35 No.1
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16 Ng SC。Gilman—Sachs A,Thaker P,et a1.Expression of intracellularTh l an d Th2 cytokines in women with recurrent spo ntan eous abortion.implantation failures after IVF/ET or norm al pregnancy.Am JReprod Immunol,2002,48(2):77—86
17 Kwak—Kim JY,Chung Bang HS,Ng SC,et a1.Increased T helper l cy—tokine respo nses by circulating T cells are present in women th recamentDregnaney losses an d in infertile women with multiple im—Dlantatin failures after IVF.Hum Reprod,2003.18(14):767—773
18 lnagaki N.Stem C.McBain J,et a1.Analysis of intra—uterine cytokineconcentration and matrix metalloproteinase activity in women threcament failed embryo transfer.Hum Reprod,2003,l8(3):608-615
19 Ledee-Bataille N, Dubanchet S, Coulomb-L'hermine A, et al. A newrole for natural killer cells, interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-18 in repeated implantation failure after in vitro fertilization . Fertil Steril, 2004,81(1): 59-65
20 Chaouat G, Ledee-bataille N, Zourbas S, et al. Implantation: can immunological parameters of implantation failure be of interest for pre-eclampsiad . J Reprod Immunol, 2003, 59(2): 205-217
21 Ledee-Bataille N, Bonnet-Chea K, Hosny G, et al. Role of the endometrial tripod interleukin-18, -15, -12 in inadequate uterine receptivity in patients with history of repeated in vitro fertilizationembryotransfer failure . Fertil Steril, 2005g 83(3): 598-605.
22 Laskarin G,StrboN,Bogovic Crncic T,er al. Physiological role of IL-15 and IL-18 at the maternal-fetal interface . Chem Immunol Allergy, 2005, 89: 10-25
23 Sakai M, Shiozaki A, Sasaki Y, et al. The ratio of interleukin (IL)-18 to IL-12 secreted by peripheral blood mononuclear cells is increased in normal pregnant subjects and decreased in pre-eclampticpatients . J Reprod Immunol, 2004, 61(2): 133-143
24 Wilson R, Moor J, Jenkins C, et al. Abnormal first trimester serum interleukin 18 levels are associated with a poor outcome in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage. Am J Reprod Immunol,2004, 51(2): 156-159
25 Wilson R, Jenkins C, Miller H, et al. Abnormal cytokine levels in non-pregnant women with a history of recurrent miscarriage . Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2004, 115(1): 51-54
26 Kunert-Keil C, Wiehmeier E, Jeschke U, et al . Immunolocalization of glycodelin in the genital tract of rats . J Mol Histol, 2005, 36( 1-2) : 111-117
27伍琼芳辛才林IVF-ET中自然流产的相关因素探讨生殖与避孕2007年9月第27卷第9期Vol.27,No.9
28 Skrzypczak J, Wirstlein P, Mikolajczyk M. Is glycodelin animportant marker of endometrial receptivity . Ginekol Pol, 2005,76( 10) : 770-781.
29 Terriou P,Sapin C,Giorgetti c,et a1.Embryo score is a better predictor of pregnancy than the number of transferred erllbryos or female age.Fertil Steril,2001,75(3):525 531
30 Gutierrez-NajarA,Stern-Colin-Y-NunesJ,Gonzalez -PanzziME,etal.Pregnancyandbirthafterassistedreproduction.Reprod Biomed Online,2002,5(1):78-88
31 Stillman BN, Hsu DK, Pang M, et al. Galectin-3 and galectin-1 bind distinct cell surface glycoprotein receptors to induce T celldeath . J Immunol, 2006, 176( 2) : 778-789
32 Ish-Shalom E, Gargir A, Andre S, et al. {alpha}2, 6-Sialylationpromotes binding of placental protein 14 via its Ca2 +-dependent lectin activity: insights into differential effects on CD45RO andCD45RAT cells[ J] . Glycobiology, 2006, 16( 3) : 173-183.
33刘冬娥李艳萍辅助生殖技术治疗后自然流产相关因素分析中国实用妇科与产科杂志(2006)12-0924-03
34李红胚胎移植气液滴距子宫基底距离和妊娠率之间的关系生殖与避孕2007年3月第27卷第3期Vol.27,No.3
35 Osnat E,David E,Uri Zaretsky,et al.A glance into the uterus during in vitro simulation of embryo transfer. Hum Reprod, 2004,19(3):562-9
2 Increased risk of placenta previa in pregnancies following IVF/ICSI; a comparison of ART and non-ART pregnanciesin the same mother Human Reproduction Liv Bente Romundstad 1,2,5, P?l R.Romundstad2,Vol.21, No.9 pp. 2353–2358, 2006 doi:10.1093/humrep/del153Advance Access publication May 25, 2006.
3钟依平,周灿全,庄广伦体外受精与胚胎移植术后妊娠的围生情况中山医科大学学报, 2000.21(3)229~32
4张翠莲乔玉环谢娟珂胚胎移植日血清雌激素下降幅度对体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响生殖与避孕第27卷第8期Vol.27,No.8
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6 SCHIEVE LA, TATHAM L, PETERSONHB, eta.l Spontaneous abortion among pregnancies conceived using assisted reproductive technology in theUnited States. ObstetGyneco,l 2003, 101(5 part1): 959-967
7吴侠,何浩明先兆流产妇女性激素水平的观察放射免疫学杂志, 1998, 11(6): 367-368
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9李美芝.妇科内分泌学[M].北京:人民军医出版社, 2001: 11
10 Mary CF, Carol BB, Peter MD, et al Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy. Results of Consewrvative Treatment, Radiology,1994,1910):773一775pre-dictor of pregnancy potential than basalfollicle-stimulatinghormone leves in women undergoing in vitro fertilization [J].Fertil Steril, 2003, 79(1): 63-68
11王琼庄广伦IVF—ET中自然流产的相关因素分析中国优生与遗传杂志2003年第11卷第1期
12 BANCSI L F, HUIJS A M, DENOUNDEN C T, et al. Basal a) follicle stimulating hormone levels are of limited value in pre-dicting ongoing pregnancy rate after in vitro fertilization.FertilSteril,2000,73:552-557.
13 Chuang CC, Chen CD, Chao KH, et al. Age is a better pre-dictor of pregnancy potential than basalfollicle-stimulatinghormone leves in women undergoing in vitro fertilization [J].Fertil Steril, 2003, 79(1): 63-68.
14苏迎春,黄亚哲体外受精胚胎移植治疗妊娠后早期流产相关因素分析现代妇产科进展2008年8月第17卷第8期Balen AH, Tan SL, Jacobs HS, et al. Hypersecretion of luteinising hormone: a significant causes ofinfertility and miscarriage. Br J Obstet Gynecol, 1993, 100 (12):1082-1089
15王慧焱,王玢,孙海翔,等.不同黄体支持方法对体外授精-胚胎移植结果的影响.生殖与避孕, 2004, 24(4)222-5.
16 First-trimester bleeding and pregnancy outcome in singletons after assisted reproduction Petra De Sutter 1 , Julie Bontinck, Infertility Centre, University Hospital Gent, Gent, Belgium Hum. Reprod2006 21(7)
17 Jemma J,JonH,Erie J.Obstetric Outcome After ThreatenedMiscarriageWith and Without a l-Iematoma Oil Ultrasound.Obstetrics& Gynecolog~r.2003,102(3):483—487
1 Factors determining early pregnancy loss insingleton and multiple implantations M.J. Lambers1, E. Mager, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Vrije University medical center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2朱亮全松体外受精-胚胎移植后单胎妊娠自然流产相关因素分析Guangzhou medical journal oct 2007 vol 28 no.10
3 Zhivkova RS,Delimitreva SM,Toncheva DI, et a.l Analysis of human unfertilized oocytes and pronuclear zygotes: cor-relation between chromosome/chromatin status and pa-tient-related factors [J].EurJObstetGynecolReprod Bi-o,l 2007, 130: 73-83
4吴国英王素霞连续测定血雌二醇水平对先兆流产妊娠结局的预测价值实用医学杂志2007年第23卷第1期
5 TanboT,KjekshusE,DalePO,etal.Intracytoplasmatisk a) spermieinjeksjon.TidsskrNorLaegeforen,1998,118(6):864-9
6 Simon C,DomingguezF,ValbuenaD, eta.l The role ofestrogen in u-terine receptivity and blastocyst implantation[J]. Trends EndocrinolMetab, 2003, 14: 197-199
7 De Lew R,Mulders J。Voorunan Getal Structurefunctionrelationshipofrecombinantfolliclestimulating hormone.Hum Reprod,1996。2:361—369
8 Bergeron C, Ferenczy A, Toft DO, et al. Immunocytochemical study of progesterone receptors in the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. Lab Invest, 1988, 59(6): 862-9
9 De-Ziegler D, Bouchard P. Understanding endometrial physiology and menstrual disorders in the 1900s. Curr Opin Obster Gynecol, 1993, 5(3): 378-88
10 De-Hertogh R, Vanderheyden I, Glorieux B, Oestrogen and progesterone receptors in endometrium and myometriunat the time of blastocyst implantation in pregnant diabetic rats. Diabetologia, 1989, 32(8): 568-72
11 Ahlam Al-Ghamdi,1 Serdar Coskun The correlation between endometrial thickness and outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) outcome
12 Chuang CC,ChenCD,ChaoKH,et al.Age is a better predictor Of pregnancy potential than basal follicle-stimulating Hormone levels in women under goinginvitrofertilization.FertilSteril,2003,79(1):63-8
13 SCHIEVE LA, TATHAM L, PETERSONHB, eta.l Spontaneous abortion among pregnancies conceived using assisted reproductive technology in theUnited States. ObstetGyneco,l 2003, 101(5 part1): 959-967
14 KAHRAMAN S, BENKHALIFAM, DONMEZ E, et a.l The results of aneuploidy screening in 276 couples undergoing assisted reproduc-tive techniques. PrenatDiagn,2004, 24(4): 307-311
15 SOMIGLIANA E, VERCELLINIP, VIGONO P, eta.l Should en-dometriomas be treated before IVF- ICSI cycles?. Hum Reprodupdate, 2006, 12(1): 57-64
16 Ng SC。Gilman—Sachs A,Thaker P,et a1.Expression of intracellularTh l an d Th2 cytokines in women with recurrent spo ntan eous abortion.implantation failures after IVF/ET or norm al pregnancy.Am JReprod Immunol,2002,48(2):77—86
17 Kwak—Kim JY,Chung Bang HS,Ng SC,et a1.Increased T helper l cy—tokine respo nses by circulating T cells are present in women th recamentDregnaney losses an d in infertile women with multiple im—Dlantatin failures after IVF.Hum Reprod,2003.18(14):767—773
18 lnagaki N.Stem C.McBain J,et a1.Analysis of intra—uterine cytokineconcentration and matrix metalloproteinase activity in women threcament failed embryo transfer.Hum Reprod,2003,l8(3):608-615
19 Ledee-Bataille N, Dubanchet S, Coulomb-L'hermine A, et al. A newrole for natural killer cells, interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-18 in repeated implantation failure after in vitro fertilization . Fertil Steril, 2004,81(1): 59-65
20 Chaouat G, Ledee-bataille N, Zourbas S, et al. Implantation: can immunological parameters of implantation failure be of interest for pre-eclampsiad . J Reprod Immunol, 2003, 59(2): 205-217
21 Ledee-Bataille N, Bonnet-Chea K, Hosny G, et al. Role of the endometrial tripod interleukin-18, -15, -12 in inadequate uterine receptivity in patients with history of repeated in vitro fertilizationembryotransfer failure . Fertil Steril, 2005g 83(3): 598-605.
22 Laskarin G,StrboN,Bogovic Crncic T,er al. Physiological role of IL-15 and IL-18 at the maternal-fetal interface . Chem Immunol Allergy, 2005, 89: 10-25
23 Sakai M, Shiozaki A, Sasaki Y, et al. The ratio of interleukin (IL)-18 to IL-12 secreted by peripheral blood mononuclear cells is increased in normal pregnant subjects and decreased in pre-eclampticpatients . J Reprod Immunol, 2004, 61(2): 133-143
24 Wilson R, Moor J, Jenkins C, et al. Abnormal first trimester serum interleukin 18 levels are associated with a poor outcome in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage. Am J Reprod Immunol,2004, 51(2): 156-159
25 Wilson R, Jenkins C, Miller H, et al. Abnormal cytokine levels in non-pregnant women with a history of recurrent miscarriage . Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2004, 115(1): 51-54
26 Kunert-Keil C, Wiehmeier E, Jeschke U, et al . Immunolocalization of glycodelin in the genital tract of rats . J Mol Histol, 2005, 36( 1-2) : 111-117
27伍琼芳辛才林IVF-ET中自然流产的相关因素探讨生殖与避孕2007年9月第27卷第9期Vol.27,No.9
28 Skrzypczak J, Wirstlein P, Mikolajczyk M. Is glycodelin animportant marker of endometrial receptivity . Ginekol Pol, 2005,76( 10) : 770-781.
29 Terriou P,Sapin C,Giorgetti c,et a1.Embryo score is a better predictor of pregnancy than the number of transferred erllbryos or female age.Fertil Steril,2001,75(3):525 531
30 Gutierrez-NajarA,Stern-Colin-Y-NunesJ,Gonzalez -PanzziME,etal.Pregnancyandbirthafterassistedreproduction.Reprod Biomed Online,2002,5(1):78-88
31 Stillman BN, Hsu DK, Pang M, et al. Galectin-3 and galectin-1 bind distinct cell surface glycoprotein receptors to induce T celldeath . J Immunol, 2006, 176( 2) : 778-789
32 Ish-Shalom E, Gargir A, Andre S, et al. {alpha}2, 6-Sialylationpromotes binding of placental protein 14 via its Ca2 +-dependent lectin activity: insights into differential effects on CD45RO andCD45RAT cells[ J] . Glycobiology, 2006, 16( 3) : 173-183.
33刘冬娥李艳萍辅助生殖技术治疗后自然流产相关因素分析中国实用妇科与产科杂志(2006)12-0924-03
34李红胚胎移植气液滴距子宫基底距离和妊娠率之间的关系生殖与避孕2007年3月第27卷第3期Vol.27,No.3
35 Osnat E,David E,Uri Zaretsky,et al.A glance into the uterus during in vitro simulation of embryo transfer. Hum Reprod, 2004,19(3):562-9