木聚糖酶提高生长肥育猪低能日粮养分消化率和有效能的效果研究
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摘要
组织两次试验分别研究在生长肥育猪麦麸和双低菜粕两种低能日粮中添加木聚糖酶，通过饲养试验和消化试验考察酶对两类日粮养分消化率和有效能改善的效果。
试验一选择70日龄、体重27Kg左右的杜长大三元杂交仔猪72头，采用3×3因子设计，研究在以玉米为主的生长肥育猪(27-100kg)日粮中木聚糖酶的添加水平，小麦麸的含量以及两者的互作对动物性能和养分消化率的影响。麦麸含量为0、10％、20％三个水平，酶添加水平为0、0.05％、0.1％，共9个处理，每个处理8头猪，单栏饲养。试验结果如下：
1、与未添加麦麸组相比，添加麦麸10％和20％，对生长肥育猪的日增重和料肉比无显著影响(P＞0.05)；在麦麸水平为0、10％和20％日粮中，添加0.05％木聚糖酶组使全期采食量相比对照组分别提高了8.6％(P＞0.05)、9.6％(P＜0.05)和7.6％(P＞0.05)。
2、麦麸水平的升高极显著降低了干物质、粗蛋白和中性洗涤纤维的消化率(P＜0.01)；添加木聚糖酶极显著提高了不同麦麸水平的粗蛋白和中性洗涤纤维的消化率(P＜0.01)，显著提高了日粮的消化能(P＜0.05)。总体看来，木聚糖酶和麦麸水平表现出极显著的互作关系(P＜0.01)。在麦麸水平为10％的日粮中，添加木聚糖酶0.05％显著极提高了各项营养物质的消化率(P＜0.01)，对日粮消化能的提高幅度最大为100Kcal／kg。
试验二选择30kg左右杜长大三元杂交猪200头，采用2×2因子设计，研究木聚糖酶在生长肥育猪(30-90kg)不同双低菜粕日粮类型中的作用效果，双低菜粕分脱皮处理和未脱皮处理两种，木聚糖酶分不添加和添加0.05％两个水平，设玉米豆粕型日粮为对照组，共5个处理，每个处理3个重复栏，其中2个大栏，1个小栏，大栏每栏15头、小栏每栏10头。试验结果如下：
1、正对照组的前期日增重相比脱皮组和脱皮加酶组分别组提高了7.1％和6.5％(P＜0.05)，脱皮加酶组的采食量和料肉比相比未脱皮组低了9.6％和7.2％(P＜0.05)。
2、在脱皮处理组中，添加0.05％的木聚糖酶使生长肥育猪的平均日增重较对照组提高了2.0％(P＞0.05)，料肉比降低了5.2％(P＞0.05)；粗蛋白消化率提高了11.79％(P＜0.05)，中性洗涤纤维消化率提高了11.44％(P＞0.05)，消化能提高了300Kcal／kg(P＜0.05)。
上述研究结果表明：在生长肥育猪麦麸型和双低菜粕日粮型两种低能日粮中，添加木聚糖酶可以提高生长肥育猪的生长性能，改善养分消化率以及提高可消化能。日粮的能量水平、底物的含量以及酶的添加量都会影响酶的作用效果。
In this study two feeding and digestibility trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of xylanase supplementation on bioavailible energy in wheat bran and double-low rapeseed meal of growing and finishing pigs.
Experiment 1: A total of 72 Large yorkshirexLandrace crossbred pigs,average initial BW of 27.1 kg, were allocated to 9 dietary treatments and with 8 replicates each arranged as a 3 x 3 factorial design to study the interactions between xylanase and wheat bran in corn-based diets for growing-finishing pigs.Experimental diets consisted of 0 ,10% and 20% wheat bran. The xylanse inclusion levels is 0, 0.05 % and 0.10%. The experimental diets were aimed to be sufficient in crude protein and limiting in energy content with wheat bran as the adjustment for energy. The results suggested:
1. Wheat bran proportions increased from 0 to 20% had no significant(P>0.05) effect on feed intake, growth rate and feed conversion ratio. Supplemental 0.05% xylanase in comparison to the control, ADFI increased 8.6%(P>0.05),9.6% (P<0.05)and 7.6%(P>0.05), respectively.
2. As the increase of the wheat bran contents in growing-finishing pig diets, significantly decreased apparent fecal digestibility of DM(P<0.05),CP(P<0.01) and NDF(P<0.01). Supplemental xylanase in maize-based diets containing different level of wheat bran for growing-finishing pigs significantly(P<0.01) improved apparent fecal digestibility of CP and NDF and significantly(P<0.01) improved diets DE(P<0.05).The interaction of xylanase and wheat bran significantly(P<0.01) influenced apparent fecal digestibility of DM,CP and NDF. Supplemental 0.05% xylanase in diet with 10% wheat bran improved 100Kcal/kg DE,which is the best effect.
Experiment 2: A total of 200 Large yorkshirexLandrace crossbred pigs,average initial BW of 30 kg, were allocated to 5 dietary treatments and each treatment with 3 replicate pens:2 large pens of 15 pigs per pen and 1 samll pen of 10 pigs, arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial design to study the effect of xylanase on dehulled DLRM and DLRM based diets for growing-finishing pigs. The result was as follows:
1、 Compared with the dehulled DLRM treatment with and without xylanase addition, positive control increased ADG 7.1% and 6.5% (P<0.05), respectively. Compared with the DLRM treatment, supplemental xylanase in dehulled DLRM treatment decreased ADFI and FCR by 9.6% and 7.2%(P<0.05).
2、 Compared with the dehulled DLRM treatment, supplemental xylanase increased ADG by 2.2%, decreased FCR by 5.2%; apparent fecal digestibility of CP and NDF increased by 11.79%(P<0.05)and 11.44%(P>0.05),respectively;DE increased by
试验一选择70日龄、体重27Kg左右的杜长大三元杂交仔猪72头，采用3×3因子设计，研究在以玉米为主的生长肥育猪(27-100kg)日粮中木聚糖酶的添加水平，小麦麸的含量以及两者的互作对动物性能和养分消化率的影响。麦麸含量为0、10％、20％三个水平，酶添加水平为0、0.05％、0.1％，共9个处理，每个处理8头猪，单栏饲养。试验结果如下：
1、与未添加麦麸组相比，添加麦麸10％和20％，对生长肥育猪的日增重和料肉比无显著影响(P＞0.05)；在麦麸水平为0、10％和20％日粮中，添加0.05％木聚糖酶组使全期采食量相比对照组分别提高了8.6％(P＞0.05)、9.6％(P＜0.05)和7.6％(P＞0.05)。
2、麦麸水平的升高极显著降低了干物质、粗蛋白和中性洗涤纤维的消化率(P＜0.01)；添加木聚糖酶极显著提高了不同麦麸水平的粗蛋白和中性洗涤纤维的消化率(P＜0.01)，显著提高了日粮的消化能(P＜0.05)。总体看来，木聚糖酶和麦麸水平表现出极显著的互作关系(P＜0.01)。在麦麸水平为10％的日粮中，添加木聚糖酶0.05％显著极提高了各项营养物质的消化率(P＜0.01)，对日粮消化能的提高幅度最大为100Kcal／kg。
试验二选择30kg左右杜长大三元杂交猪200头，采用2×2因子设计，研究木聚糖酶在生长肥育猪(30-90kg)不同双低菜粕日粮类型中的作用效果，双低菜粕分脱皮处理和未脱皮处理两种，木聚糖酶分不添加和添加0.05％两个水平，设玉米豆粕型日粮为对照组，共5个处理，每个处理3个重复栏，其中2个大栏，1个小栏，大栏每栏15头、小栏每栏10头。试验结果如下：
1、正对照组的前期日增重相比脱皮组和脱皮加酶组分别组提高了7.1％和6.5％(P＜0.05)，脱皮加酶组的采食量和料肉比相比未脱皮组低了9.6％和7.2％(P＜0.05)。
2、在脱皮处理组中，添加0.05％的木聚糖酶使生长肥育猪的平均日增重较对照组提高了2.0％(P＞0.05)，料肉比降低了5.2％(P＞0.05)；粗蛋白消化率提高了11.79％(P＜0.05)，中性洗涤纤维消化率提高了11.44％(P＞0.05)，消化能提高了300Kcal／kg(P＜0.05)。
上述研究结果表明：在生长肥育猪麦麸型和双低菜粕日粮型两种低能日粮中，添加木聚糖酶可以提高生长肥育猪的生长性能，改善养分消化率以及提高可消化能。日粮的能量水平、底物的含量以及酶的添加量都会影响酶的作用效果。
In this study two feeding and digestibility trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of xylanase supplementation on bioavailible energy in wheat bran and double-low rapeseed meal of growing and finishing pigs.
Experiment 1: A total of 72 Large yorkshirexLandrace crossbred pigs,average initial BW of 27.1 kg, were allocated to 9 dietary treatments and with 8 replicates each arranged as a 3 x 3 factorial design to study the interactions between xylanase and wheat bran in corn-based diets for growing-finishing pigs.Experimental diets consisted of 0 ,10% and 20% wheat bran. The xylanse inclusion levels is 0, 0.05 % and 0.10%. The experimental diets were aimed to be sufficient in crude protein and limiting in energy content with wheat bran as the adjustment for energy. The results suggested:
1. Wheat bran proportions increased from 0 to 20% had no significant(P>0.05) effect on feed intake, growth rate and feed conversion ratio. Supplemental 0.05% xylanase in comparison to the control, ADFI increased 8.6%(P>0.05),9.6% (P<0.05)and 7.6%(P>0.05), respectively.
2. As the increase of the wheat bran contents in growing-finishing pig diets, significantly decreased apparent fecal digestibility of DM(P<0.05),CP(P<0.01) and NDF(P<0.01). Supplemental xylanase in maize-based diets containing different level of wheat bran for growing-finishing pigs significantly(P<0.01) improved apparent fecal digestibility of CP and NDF and significantly(P<0.01) improved diets DE(P<0.05).The interaction of xylanase and wheat bran significantly(P<0.01) influenced apparent fecal digestibility of DM,CP and NDF. Supplemental 0.05% xylanase in diet with 10% wheat bran improved 100Kcal/kg DE,which is the best effect.
Experiment 2: A total of 200 Large yorkshirexLandrace crossbred pigs,average initial BW of 30 kg, were allocated to 5 dietary treatments and each treatment with 3 replicate pens:2 large pens of 15 pigs per pen and 1 samll pen of 10 pigs, arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial design to study the effect of xylanase on dehulled DLRM and DLRM based diets for growing-finishing pigs. The result was as follows:
1、 Compared with the dehulled DLRM treatment with and without xylanase addition, positive control increased ADG 7.1% and 6.5% (P<0.05), respectively. Compared with the DLRM treatment, supplemental xylanase in dehulled DLRM treatment decreased ADFI and FCR by 9.6% and 7.2%(P<0.05).
2、 Compared with the dehulled DLRM treatment, supplemental xylanase increased ADG by 2.2%, decreased FCR by 5.2%; apparent fecal digestibility of CP and NDF increased by 11.79%(P<0.05)and 11.44%(P>0.05),respectively;DE increased by
引文
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57. Choct M, Annison G Trimble R P. Soluble wheat pentosans exhibit different anti-nutritive activities in intact and caecectomized broiler chickens. J Nutr, 1992,122: 2457-2465
58. Choct M, Hughes R J, Trimble R P, Angkanaporn K, Annison G Non-starc hpolysaccharide-degrading enzymes increase the performance of broiler chickens fed wheat of low apparent metabolizable energy. J Nutr, 1995,125: 485-492
59. Choct M, Hughes R J, Wang J, Bedford M R, Morgan A J, Annison G Increased small intestinal fermentation is partly responsible for the anti-nutritive activity of non-starch polysaccharides in chickens. Br Poult Sci, 1996,37: 609-621
60. Classen H L, Campbell G L, Grootwassink J W D. Improved feeding value of Saskatchewan-grown barley for chickens with dietary enzyme supplementation. Can JAnim Sci, 1988, 68:1253-1259
61. Comizzoli P, Peiniau J, Duterite C, Planquette P, Aumaitre A. Digestive utilization of concentrated and fibrous diets by two peccary species(Tayassu peccari) raised in French Guana. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 1997,42:151-163
62. Cowan, W D, Korsbak A, Hastrup T, Rasmussen P B. Influence of added microbial enzymes on energy and protein availability of selected feed ingredients. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 1996, 60: 311-319
63. Dierick N A, Decuypere J A. Enzymes and growth in pigs. In: Cole D J A, Wseman J, VarJey M eds., Principals of Pig Science. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press, 1994.169-195
64. De Lange C F M, Gabert V M, Gillis D, Patience J F. Digestible energy contents and apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities in regular or partial mechanically dehulled canola meal samples fed to growing pigs. Can J Anim Sci, 1998,78: 641-648
65. Kyriazakis, I. and Emmans, G.C. (1995) The voluntary feed intake of pigs given feeds based on wheat bran, dried citrus pulp and grass meal, in relation to measurements of feed bulk. British Journal Nutrition 73,191-207.
66. Faud S, Akira O, Tsuneo T, Kunioki H. Effect of enzymes of microbial origin on in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and crude protein in soybean meal. J Anim Sci, 2003, 1: 23-29
67. Freire J B P, Guerreio A J G, Cunha L F, Aumaitre A. Effect of dietary fibre souce on total tract digestibility, caecum volatile fatty acids and digestive transit time in the weaned piglet. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 2000, 87: 71-83
68. Gill B P, Schulze H. Effect of diet processing and enzyme supplementation of Wheat-based diets on growing pig performance. Anim Sci, 1996, 62: 662
69. Gill B P, Mellange J, Rooke J A. Growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility in piglets offered wheat , barley- or sugar-beet pulp-based diets supplemented with food enzymes. Anim Sci, 2000, 70: 107-118
70. Gdala Jolanta, Johansen H N. The digestibility of carbohydrates, protein and fat in the small and large intestine of piglets fed non-supplemented and enzyme supplemented diets, Anim Feed Sci Technol, 1997, 65:15-33
71. Hesselman K, Aman P. The effect of β-glucanase on the utilization of starch and nitrogen by broiler chickens fed on barley of low or high viscosity. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 1986,15: 83-103
72. Huang R L, Tan Z L, Xing T X, Pan, Li T J. An in vitro method for the estimation of ileal crude protein and amino acids digestibility using the dialysis tubing for pig feedstuffs. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 2000,88: 79-89
73. Inborr J, Schmitz M, Ahrens F. Effect of adding fiber and starch degrading enzymes to a barley/wheat based diet on performances of the small intestine of early weaned pigs, Anim Feed Sci Technol, 1993,44: 113-127
74. Inborr J. Practical application of feed enzymes. Hed Compounder, 1990,10: 41-49
75. Inborr J, Ogle R B. Effect of enzyme treatment of piglet feeds on performance and post weaning diarrhea. Swed J Agric Res, 1988,18:129-133
76. Li S, Sauer WC, Huang S X, and Gabert V M. Effect of B-glucanase supplementation to hulless barley or wheat-soybean meal diets on the digestibilities of energy, protein, 6-glucans and amino acids in young pigs. JAnim Sci, 1996a, 74: 1649-1656
77. Li S, Sauer, WC, Mosenthin R, and Kerr B. Effect of B-glucanase supplementation to cereal-based diets for starter pigs on the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein and energy. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 1996b, 59: 223-231
78. Low A G Secretory response of the pig gut to non-starch polysaccharides. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 1989, 23: 55-65
79. Marquardt R R, Brenes A, Zhang Z, Boros, Use of enzymes to improve nutrient availability in poultry feedstuffs. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 1996, 60: 321-330
80. McCracken K J D, Yin Y L, McEvoy J D, Schulze H. Effects of diet composition, food enzymes and method of cannulation on fecal and ilea digestibility measurements in growing pigs. Anim Sci, 1996, 62: 662
81. Monro J A. A nutritionally valid procedure for measuring soluble dietary fiber. Food Chem, 1993,47:187-193
82. Moran E T, Jrtall S P, Summers J D. The feeding value of rye for the growing chick: effect of enzyme supplements, antibiotics, autodaving and geographical area of production. Poult sci, 1968,48: 939-949
83. Moughan P J. In vitro techniques for the assessment of the nutritive value of feed grains for pigs: a review. Austr J Agric Res, 1999, 50: 871-879
84. Noblet J, Fortune H, Dubois S. Digestible, metabolizable and net energy values of 13 feedstuffs for growing pigs: effect of energy system. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 1993, 42:131-149
85. Omogbenigun F O, Nyachoti C M, Slominski B A. Dietary supplementation with multienzyme preparations improves nutrient utilization and growth performance in weaned pigs. J Anim Sci, 2004,82:1053-1061
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57. Choct M, Annison G Trimble R P. Soluble wheat pentosans exhibit different anti-nutritive activities in intact and caecectomized broiler chickens. J Nutr, 1992,122: 2457-2465
58. Choct M, Hughes R J, Trimble R P, Angkanaporn K, Annison G Non-starc hpolysaccharide-degrading enzymes increase the performance of broiler chickens fed wheat of low apparent metabolizable energy. J Nutr, 1995,125: 485-492
59. Choct M, Hughes R J, Wang J, Bedford M R, Morgan A J, Annison G Increased small intestinal fermentation is partly responsible for the anti-nutritive activity of non-starch polysaccharides in chickens. Br Poult Sci, 1996,37: 609-621
60. Classen H L, Campbell G L, Grootwassink J W D. Improved feeding value of Saskatchewan-grown barley for chickens with dietary enzyme supplementation. Can JAnim Sci, 1988, 68:1253-1259
61. Comizzoli P, Peiniau J, Duterite C, Planquette P, Aumaitre A. Digestive utilization of concentrated and fibrous diets by two peccary species(Tayassu peccari) raised in French Guana. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 1997,42:151-163
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63. Dierick N A, Decuypere J A. Enzymes and growth in pigs. In: Cole D J A, Wseman J, VarJey M eds., Principals of Pig Science. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press, 1994.169-195
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65. Kyriazakis, I. and Emmans, G.C. (1995) The voluntary feed intake of pigs given feeds based on wheat bran, dried citrus pulp and grass meal, in relation to measurements of feed bulk. British Journal Nutrition 73,191-207.
66. Faud S, Akira O, Tsuneo T, Kunioki H. Effect of enzymes of microbial origin on in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and crude protein in soybean meal. J Anim Sci, 2003, 1: 23-29
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68. Gill B P, Schulze H. Effect of diet processing and enzyme supplementation of Wheat-based diets on growing pig performance. Anim Sci, 1996, 62: 662
69. Gill B P, Mellange J, Rooke J A. Growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility in piglets offered wheat , barley- or sugar-beet pulp-based diets supplemented with food enzymes. Anim Sci, 2000, 70: 107-118
70. Gdala Jolanta, Johansen H N. The digestibility of carbohydrates, protein and fat in the small and large intestine of piglets fed non-supplemented and enzyme supplemented diets, Anim Feed Sci Technol, 1997, 65:15-33
71. Hesselman K, Aman P. The effect of β-glucanase on the utilization of starch and nitrogen by broiler chickens fed on barley of low or high viscosity. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 1986,15: 83-103
72. Huang R L, Tan Z L, Xing T X, Pan, Li T J. An in vitro method for the estimation of ileal crude protein and amino acids digestibility using the dialysis tubing for pig feedstuffs. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 2000,88: 79-89
73. Inborr J, Schmitz M, Ahrens F. Effect of adding fiber and starch degrading enzymes to a barley/wheat based diet on performances of the small intestine of early weaned pigs, Anim Feed Sci Technol, 1993,44: 113-127
74. Inborr J. Practical application of feed enzymes. Hed Compounder, 1990,10: 41-49
75. Inborr J, Ogle R B. Effect of enzyme treatment of piglet feeds on performance and post weaning diarrhea. Swed J Agric Res, 1988,18:129-133
76. Li S, Sauer WC, Huang S X, and Gabert V M. Effect of B-glucanase supplementation to hulless barley or wheat-soybean meal diets on the digestibilities of energy, protein, 6-glucans and amino acids in young pigs. JAnim Sci, 1996a, 74: 1649-1656
77. Li S, Sauer, WC, Mosenthin R, and Kerr B. Effect of B-glucanase supplementation to cereal-based diets for starter pigs on the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein and energy. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 1996b, 59: 223-231
78. Low A G Secretory response of the pig gut to non-starch polysaccharides. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 1989, 23: 55-65
79. Marquardt R R, Brenes A, Zhang Z, Boros, Use of enzymes to improve nutrient availability in poultry feedstuffs. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 1996, 60: 321-330
80. McCracken K J D, Yin Y L, McEvoy J D, Schulze H. Effects of diet composition, food enzymes and method of cannulation on fecal and ilea digestibility measurements in growing pigs. Anim Sci, 1996, 62: 662
81. Monro J A. A nutritionally valid procedure for measuring soluble dietary fiber. Food Chem, 1993,47:187-193
82. Moran E T, Jrtall S P, Summers J D. The feeding value of rye for the growing chick: effect of enzyme supplements, antibiotics, autodaving and geographical area of production. Poult sci, 1968,48: 939-949
83. Moughan P J. In vitro techniques for the assessment of the nutritive value of feed grains for pigs: a review. Austr J Agric Res, 1999, 50: 871-879
84. Noblet J, Fortune H, Dubois S. Digestible, metabolizable and net energy values of 13 feedstuffs for growing pigs: effect of energy system. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 1993, 42:131-149
85. Omogbenigun F O, Nyachoti C M, Slominski B A. Dietary supplementation with multienzyme preparations improves nutrient utilization and growth performance in weaned pigs. J Anim Sci, 2004,82:1053-1061
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