玉米—豆粕型日粮添加复合酶制剂对仔猪生产性能影响及其机理研究
|
摘要
研究复合酶制剂对以玉米-豆粕型日粮为基础的断奶仔猪生产性能和养分表观消化率的影响,并进行促生长机理探讨,试验选择35±2日龄PIC杂交配套系仔猪240头,分为4个处理,每处理6个重复,试验期共30d。试验用玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,各处理间营养水平一致,营养物质参考PIC猪的营养需要标准供给。试验Ⅰ组为正对照组;试验Ⅱ组为负对照组,较正对照组日粮含较多的植物性蛋白原料;分别在负对照组日粮基础上添加木聚糖酶、葡聚糖酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶的复合酶A和木聚糖酶、葡聚糖酶的复合酶B构成两个试验组。研究结果表明:日粮添加复合酶制剂A和B对仔猪平均日采食量没有显著影响( P > 0.05 ) ,但能显著提高35～50日龄仔猪平均日增重( P < 0.05 ) ,分别提高10.25%和9.46%,能显著降低35～50日龄仔猪料重比( P < 0.05 ) ,分别降低10.63%和14.38%,但对50～65日龄段仔猪末体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比影响不显著( P > 0.05 ) ,同时显著降低了仔猪仔猪腹泻率( P < 0.05 )。
选用50日龄仔猪24头进行复合酶制剂对玉米-豆粕型日粮养分消化率的研究,结果表明:日粮添加酶制剂A和B组能显著提高仔猪对干物质、能量和粗蛋白的表观消化率( P < 0.05 ) ,分别提高3.41%、4.14%、3.37%和2.12、7.88%、9.99%( P < 0.05 )。
饲养试验结束时,每个处理选择3头仔猪屠宰进行促生长机理探讨,研究结果表明,日粮中添加复合酶制剂能显著提高仔猪胰脏、十二指肠和空肠淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶的活性( P < 0.05 ) ,其中对胰脏胰蛋白酶活性的提高复合酶制剂A效果优于复合酶制剂B( P < 0.05 )。日粮添加复合酶制剂能显著提高仔猪空肠绒毛长度( P < 0.05 ) ,对十二指肠和回肠绒毛长度影响不显著,但能显著降低十二指肠和空肠隐窝深度,提高十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒腺比( P < 0.05 ) ,能显著提高仔猪血液中血糖的含量( P < 0.05 ) ,分别提高19.21%和15.43%,对仔猪血清尿素氮和血清总蛋白的影响差异不显著。玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加复合酶制剂显著抑制了仔猪空肠和回肠有害菌(大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌)的生长,促进了仔猪空肠和回肠有益菌(乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌)的增殖,但对仔猪盲肠微生物菌群的影响没有明显差异。
To study effects of multienzyme preparations on growth performance and approach the mechanism of growth promotion in weaned pigs. 240 PIC weaned pigs(35 d of age) were randomly allotted into 4 groups with 6 replicates. These pigs were used in a 30 d performance and digestibility trial four diets :controlⅠ、controlⅡand groups multienzyme preparations A with xylanase,β-glucanase, protease and amylase and multienzyme preparations B with xylanase andβ-glucanase supplemented on controlⅡ. Diets were formulated according to PIC nutrient needs of pigs and composed of corn , soybean meal, whey powder and fish meal et al. The Results showed that: There were no differences in ADFI among treatments ( P > 0.05). In the period of 35~50d of pigs , the piglets fed with multienzyme preparations A and B had 10.25% and 9.46% higher ADG and had 10.63%和14.38% lower F/G than those fed control dietary( P < 0.05).The Results showed that: There were no differences in ADG、ADFI and F/G among treatments in the period of 51~65d of pigs. Feeding enzyme could reduce the rates of loose bowel movements of pigs obviously.
To study the effects of multienzyme preparations on nutrient utilization of weaned pigs. 24 PIC weaned pigs (50 d of age) were randomly allotted into 4 groups with 6 replicates. Multienzyme preparation A and B could increase the apparent digestibility of DM,CP and GE of dietary significantly( P < 0.05 ) ,and there were 3.41%、4.14%、3.37% and 2.12 %、7.88%、9.99% higher than control( P < 0.05 )。
3 piglets of every treatments were killed to approach the mechanism of growth promotion of pigs when the feeding experiment was finished. The Results showed that: Feed multienzyme preparations A and B increased activities of trypsin, pepsase ,lipase and amylase in duodenum and jejunum (P < 0. 05), and the multienzyme preparation A was better than the multienzyme preparation B. Pigs fed with multienzyme preparations A and B had a lower crypt depth and higher villous height than control, and also had higher levels concentration of blood glucose, Feed multienzyme preparation A and B could inhibit the growth of harmful microbion and promote the growth of beneficial microbion( P < 0.05 ) .
选用50日龄仔猪24头进行复合酶制剂对玉米-豆粕型日粮养分消化率的研究,结果表明:日粮添加酶制剂A和B组能显著提高仔猪对干物质、能量和粗蛋白的表观消化率( P < 0.05 ) ,分别提高3.41%、4.14%、3.37%和2.12、7.88%、9.99%( P < 0.05 )。
饲养试验结束时,每个处理选择3头仔猪屠宰进行促生长机理探讨,研究结果表明,日粮中添加复合酶制剂能显著提高仔猪胰脏、十二指肠和空肠淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶的活性( P < 0.05 ) ,其中对胰脏胰蛋白酶活性的提高复合酶制剂A效果优于复合酶制剂B( P < 0.05 )。日粮添加复合酶制剂能显著提高仔猪空肠绒毛长度( P < 0.05 ) ,对十二指肠和回肠绒毛长度影响不显著,但能显著降低十二指肠和空肠隐窝深度,提高十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒腺比( P < 0.05 ) ,能显著提高仔猪血液中血糖的含量( P < 0.05 ) ,分别提高19.21%和15.43%,对仔猪血清尿素氮和血清总蛋白的影响差异不显著。玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加复合酶制剂显著抑制了仔猪空肠和回肠有害菌(大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌)的生长,促进了仔猪空肠和回肠有益菌(乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌)的增殖,但对仔猪盲肠微生物菌群的影响没有明显差异。
To study effects of multienzyme preparations on growth performance and approach the mechanism of growth promotion in weaned pigs. 240 PIC weaned pigs(35 d of age) were randomly allotted into 4 groups with 6 replicates. These pigs were used in a 30 d performance and digestibility trial four diets :controlⅠ、controlⅡand groups multienzyme preparations A with xylanase,β-glucanase, protease and amylase and multienzyme preparations B with xylanase andβ-glucanase supplemented on controlⅡ. Diets were formulated according to PIC nutrient needs of pigs and composed of corn , soybean meal, whey powder and fish meal et al. The Results showed that: There were no differences in ADFI among treatments ( P > 0.05). In the period of 35~50d of pigs , the piglets fed with multienzyme preparations A and B had 10.25% and 9.46% higher ADG and had 10.63%和14.38% lower F/G than those fed control dietary( P < 0.05).The Results showed that: There were no differences in ADG、ADFI and F/G among treatments in the period of 51~65d of pigs. Feeding enzyme could reduce the rates of loose bowel movements of pigs obviously.
To study the effects of multienzyme preparations on nutrient utilization of weaned pigs. 24 PIC weaned pigs (50 d of age) were randomly allotted into 4 groups with 6 replicates. Multienzyme preparation A and B could increase the apparent digestibility of DM,CP and GE of dietary significantly( P < 0.05 ) ,and there were 3.41%、4.14%、3.37% and 2.12 %、7.88%、9.99% higher than control( P < 0.05 )。
3 piglets of every treatments were killed to approach the mechanism of growth promotion of pigs when the feeding experiment was finished. The Results showed that: Feed multienzyme preparations A and B increased activities of trypsin, pepsase ,lipase and amylase in duodenum and jejunum (P < 0. 05), and the multienzyme preparation A was better than the multienzyme preparation B. Pigs fed with multienzyme preparations A and B had a lower crypt depth and higher villous height than control, and also had higher levels concentration of blood glucose, Feed multienzyme preparation A and B could inhibit the growth of harmful microbion and promote the growth of beneficial microbion( P < 0.05 ) .
引文
安永义. 1997. 肉雏鸡消化道酶发育规律及外源酶添加效应的研究:[博士学位论文]. 北京:中国农业大学.
冯定远,张莹,余石英 等. 2000a. 含有木聚糖酶和 β-葡聚糖酶的酶制剂对猪日粮消化性能的影响[J]. 畜禽业,( 7 ) ,44～45.
冯定远,张莹. 2000b. β-葡聚糖酶和戊聚糖酶等对猪日粮营养物质消化的影响[J]. 动物营养学报,( 2 ) ,31.
高玉红,臧素敏,刘艳琴,等. 复合酶对断奶仔猪生产性能和消化吸收能力的影响研究[J]. 饲料研究,2000( 3 ) :8~10.
韩增祥,李常慧,马双青等. 2003.三种 NSP 酶在舍饲绵羊上应用效果试验[J]. 饲料工业,24( 10 ) :1～3.
黄健,欧秀琼,刘作华 等. 2002. 不同加工方式和酶的添加对大麦日粮养分消化率的影响[J]. 畜禽业,22～23.
贾巍,呙于明,袁建敏. 2004. 蛋公鸡强饲法评估非淀粉多糖酶对肉仔鸡日粮表观代谢能值的作用效果[J]. 中国畜牧杂志,( 1 ) :17～19,23.
季学枫,周明,王颖,等. 配方酶制剂对仔猪生产性能与血浆生理生化的影响[J]. 中国畜牧杂志,2003,23( 4 ) :71～75.
刘强. 1999a. 我国麦类饲料中非淀粉多糖抗营养作用机理的研究:[博士学位论文]. 北京大学生命科学院.
刘强,冯学琴. 1999b. 非淀粉多糖酶制剂的研究与应用进展[J]. 动物营养学报,11( 2 ) :6～11。
刘亚利,刘宁. 1998. 饲用酶制剂生产技术研究及其应用[J]. 畜禽业,8:21～24.
潘宝海. 2002. 扬奇青酶发酵生产饲用 α-半乳糖苷酶的研究. 中国农业大学博士学位论文,97～107.
彭玉麟,呙于明,袁建敏. 2003. 小麦日粮中木聚糖酶和植酸酶对生长和养分消化率的影响[J]. 动物营养学报,( 3 ) :48～52,58.
沈水宝. 2002. 外原酶对仔猪消化系统发育及内源酶活性的影响. 华南农业大学博士论文.
苏兰利等. 2002. 木聚糖在动物营养中的限制作用及木聚糖酶的应用[J].饲料博览,3:4～6.
孙哲. 2000. 小麦可溶性非淀粉多糖对肉仔鸡小肠粘膜二糖酶活性的影响:[硕士学位论文]. 长春:吉林农业大学.
汪儆. 1997. 饲料毒物与抗营养因子研究进展[M]. 西安:西北大学出版社. 汪儆,雷祖玉,应朝阳等. 1996. 戊聚糖酶对小麦、次粉日粮肉仔鸡饲养效果及表观代谢能值的影响[J]. 中国饲料,( 13 ) :14～16.
王勇强. 1996. 肠内黏度对肉鸡生产性能的影响[J]. 禽业科技,12:4～6.
王修启,陈杰,林东康等. 2003a. 皖麦 38 添加木聚糖酶对鸡表观代谢能值和氨基酸表观消化率的影响[J]. 华北农学报,( 1 ) :119～121.
王金全. 2004. 小麦非淀粉多糖的抗营养机理及木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡小麦日粮的应用研究. 中国农业科学院博士学位论文,62～76.
王修启,刑宝松,张兆敏等. 2004a. 小麦基础日粮添加木聚糖酶对肉鸡生长性能的影响[J]. 河南农业科学,( 1 ) :47～49.
王振来. 1997. 高次粉饲粮中添加 GXC 对仔猪生长、消化和胴体组成的影响及其作用机理探讨. 浙江农业大学硕士毕业论文.
闻爱友,胡忠泽,郭亮 等. 2004. 小麦型日粮添加非淀粉多糖对肉猪生长及胴体品质的影响[J]. 粮食与饲料工业,( 4 ) ,40～42.
奚刚,许梓荣,钱利纯等. 1999. 添加外源性酶对猪、鸡内源消化酶活性的影响[J]. 中国兽医学报,19:286～289.
徐建雄,崔立,陈鲁勇 等.2001. 非淀粉多糖对仔猪早期生产性能和消化性能的影响[J]. 动物营养学报,( 3 ) :56～59.
徐建雄,崔立,叶陈梁 等.2003. 玉米-豆粕型日粮添加戊聚糖酶对肉仔鸡生长和氮利用率的影响[J]. 华中农业大学学报,( 5 ) :62～65.
许梓荣,李卫芬,孙建义. 2001. 大麦型日粮中添加非淀粉多糖对仔猪生长和消化性能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧杂志,37 ( 3 ) :23～24.
许梓荣,钱利纯,孙建义. 1999a. 饲粮中添加复合酶制剂对肉鸡生长的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报( 农业与生命科学版 ) ,25 ( 6 ) :615～618.
许梓荣,王敏奇,徐有良. 2002. 大麦型饲粮中添加 GXC 酶对生长育肥猪生长、消化的营养及其机理探讨[J]. 中国粮油学报,17( 1 ) ,6:29～34.
许梓荣,王振来,王敏奇. 1999b. 高麸饲粮中添加复合酶制剂对仔猪血液中几种激素水平的影响[J]. 中国养猪学报,6:36～39.
许梓荣,王振来,王敏奇. 1999c. 饲粮中添加复合酶制剂( GXC ) 对仔猪消化机能的影响[J]. 中国兽医学报,19( 1 ) :84～88.
杨全明. 1999. 猪消化道酶和组织器官生长发育规律的研究:[博士学位论文]. 北京:中国农业大学.
于旭华. 2001. 外源酶对断奶仔猪消化系统酶活的影响[J]. 华南农业大学硕士学位论文.
于旭华.2004. 真菌性和细菌性木聚糖酶对肉鸡生长性能的影响及机理研究[J]. 华南农业大学博士学位论文,32～43.
张丽英,李德发,张克英,等. 饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M]. 第 2版. 北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003( 1 ) :45-145.
张永泰. 1998. 酶制剂在猪饲料中的应用[J]. 饲料工业,19( 12 ) :1～4.
张志群,Marquard R R,Guenter W 等. 1998. 黑麦日粮中添加不同酶制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能及肠道食糜黏度的影响[J]. 中国畜牧杂志,( 1 ) :3~6.
郑黎,余德谦,林映才. 1999. 在玉米-大麦-豆粕型饲粮中添加 不同酶制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能及营养物质表观消化率的影响[J]. 广东畜牧兽医科技,( 4 ) :16～19.
朱宗珂,2004. 玉米-豆粕日粮中添加微生物酶对肉仔鸡生产性能、消化代谢及免疫功能的影响. 西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文,22～30.
Ali P. 1999. The effects of barely instead of corn with and without enzyme for broiler chickens. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 3 (2): 75~91.
Beauchemin K A, Jones S D M, Rode L M, et al. 1997. Effects of fibrolytic enzymes in corn or barley diets on performance and carcase characteristics of feedlot cattle. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 77: 645~653.
Beauchemin K A, Rode L M, Sewalt V J H. 1995. Fibrolytic enzyme increase fiber digestibility and growth rate of steers fed dry forages. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 75: 641~644.
Beauchemin K A, Yang W Z, Rode L M. 1999. Effect of gain source and enzyme additive on site and extent of nutrient digestion in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 82: 378~390.
Bedford M R. 1996. Reduced viscosity of intestinal digesta and enhanced nutrient digestibility in chickens given exogenuous enzymes. Enzymes in Poultry and Swine nutrition. 19~28.
Bedford M R, and Classen H L. 1992. Reduction of intestinal viscosity through manipulation of dietary rye and pentosanase concentration is effected growth rate and food conversion efficiency of broiler chicken. J. Nutri., 122: 560~569.
Boros D, Bedford M R. 1999. Influence of water extract viscosity and exogenous enzymes on nutritive value of rye hybids in broiler diets. Joural of Animal and Feed Sciences, 8 (4): 579~588.
Brown I. 1996. Complex carbohydrates and resistant starch. Nutrition Reviews, 54 (11): S115~S119.
Cera, K. R., D. C. Mahan, R. F. Cross, G. A. Reinhart, and R. E. Whitmoyer. 1988. Effect of age weaning and post weaning diet on small intestinal growth and jejunal morphology in young swine. J. Anim. Sci., 66: 574~584.
Chesson A. 1993. Feed enzyme. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 45: 65~79.
Choct, M. 1995. Non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes increase the performance of broiler chickens fed wheat of low apparent metabolizable energy. J. Nutr., 125: 485~492.
Cranwell P D. 1995. Development of the neonatal gut and enzyme systems. In: The neonatal pig development and suivival ( Edited by M. A. Varley).99~154.
Danicke S, Kucinskas A, Jeroch H. 2001. Feed value and possibilities of feed value improvement of soy products for broiers. Archiv fur Geflugelkunde, 65 (4): 157~167.
De Koning W, van der Wel C. 1996. Effect of inclusion of vegetable protein enzyme in broiler starter diets. Worlds Poultry Congress. New Delhi,India.2~5 Sept., Vol. IV. 250.
Diebold G, Mosenthin R, Piepho H P, et al. 2004. Effect of supplementation of xylanase and phospholipase to a wheat-based diet for weaning pigs on nutrient digestibility and concentrations of microbial metabolites in ildal digesta and feces. Jouranl of Animal Science, 82 (9): 2647~56.
Efird R C, W D Armstrong, L Herman. 1982. The development of digestive Capacity in young pigs effects of weaning regimen and dietary treatment. Journal of Animal Science., 55: 1370~1379.
Eun J S, Beauchemin K A. 2005. Effects of a proteolytic feed enzyme on intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation, and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science, 88 (6): 2140~2153.
Evangelista J N B, Sales B F J, Amarante V. 1998. Use of enzyme in maize-soya diets for pigs. Anaporc 177, 89-97. Fegeros K, Fragou S, Kantas D. 2004. Effect of enzyme supplementation on nutrient digestibility of growing pig dets. Epitheorese Zootehnikes Epistemes, (32): 3~13.
Feng P, Hunt C W, Pritchard G T, et al. 1996. Effect of enzyme preparations on in situ and in vitro degradation and in vivo digestive characteristics of mature cool-season grass forage in beef steer. Journal of Animal Science, 74: 1349~1357.
Finche, G. B., et al. 1986. Cell walls and their components in cereal grain technology. In: Pomeranz, Z. Y. (ed.). Advances in cereal science and technology. Vol Ⅷ, Minnesota, 207.
Gao F, Zhou G H, Han Z K. 2000. Effect of wheat based diet supplemented with enzyme preparations on growth performance and some blood parameters in boiler chickens. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 23 (4): 71~75.
Gill B P, Mellange J, Rooke J A. 2000. Growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility in weaned piglets offered wheat-, bareley-or sugar-beet pulp-based diets supplemented with food enzymes. Journal of Animal Science, 70 (1): 107~118.
Grant, G., P. M. Dorward, W. C. Buchan, J. C. Armour, A. Pusztai. 1995. Consumption of diets containing raw soya beans (Glycine max), kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), Cowpeas (Vignaunguiculata) or lupin seeds (Lupinus angustifolius) by rats for up to 700 days: effects on body composition and organ weights. Br. J. Nutr., 73 (1): 17~29.
Gracia M I, Aranibar M J, Lazaro R, et al. 2003. Alpha-amylase supplementation of broiler diets based on corn. Poultry Science, 82 (3): 436~42.
Hampson, D. J., D. E. Kidder. 1986. Influence of creep feeding and weaning on brush border enzyme activities in the piglet small intestine. Res. Vet. Sci. 40: 24~31.
Hartman, Paul,A.1961. Digestive enzyme development in the young pig. J. Anim. Sci. 20:114~123.
He T,Thacker P A, McLeod J G, et al. 2003. Performance of broiler chicks fed normal and low viscosity rye or barley with or without enzyme supplementation. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 16 (2): 234~238.
Hsu S L, Shih B L. 1999. Effect of dietary cellulose supplementation on growth performance and fibre digestibility in growing and finishing pigs. Journal of Taiwan Livestock Research, 32 (4): 333~342.
Iji P A, Khumalo K, Slippers S, et al. 2003. Intestinal function and body growth of broiler chickens on diets based on maize dried at different temperatures and supplemented with a microbial enzyme. Reproduction and Nutrition Development, 43 ( 1 ) :77～90.
Ikeda, K., and K. Kusano. 1983. In vitro inhibition of digestive enzyme by indigestible polysaccharides. Cereal Chemistry, 60: 260~263.
Inborr J, Ogle R B. 1988. Effect of enzyme treatment of piglet feeds on performance and post-weaning diarrhea. Swde. J. Agric. Res., 18: 129~133.
Jensen, M. S, K Jesen, K Jakogsen. 1997. Development of digestive enzymes in pigs with emphasis on lipolytic activity in the stomach and pancreas. J. Anim. Sci., 75:437~445.
Jozefiak D, Rutkowski A, Fratczak M, et al. 2004. The effect of dietary fiber fractions from different cereals and microbial enzyme supplementation on performance, ileal viscosity and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the caeca of broiler chickens. Journal of Animal and Feed Science, 13 (3):487~496.
Jurkovich V, Brydl E, Rafai P, et al. 2002. Effects of a non-starch polysaccharidase enzyme preparation from Thermomyces lanuginosus on energy and protein metabolism and milk yield of dairy cattle. Acta Vet Hung, 50 (4): 395~411.
Koreleski J, Swiatkiewics S, Hadula E. 2000. Effect of barley grain with different dietary starch and non-starch polysaccharide contents and of enzyme supplements on performance of broiler chickens. Annals of Animal Science Roczniki Naukowe Zootechniki, 27 (3): 161~178.
Krause M, Beauchemin K A, Rode L M, et al. 1998. Fibrolytic enzyme treatment of barley grain and source of forage in high-gain diets fed to growing cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 76: 2912~2920.
Kung O S , Kim I H, Lee S H, et al. 2003. Effect of dietary alpha-1,6-galactosidase and beta-1,4-mammanase on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in nursery and growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 45 (2): 211~218.
Kwon O S, Kim I H, Lee S H, et al. 2003. Effect of dietary alpha-1,6-galactosidase and beta-1,4-mannanase on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in nursery and growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 45 (2): 211~218.
Lazaro R, Garcia M, Aranibar M J, et al. 2003. Effect of enzyme addition to wheat-, barley-and rye-based diets on nutrient digestibility and performance of laying hens. British Poultry Science, 44 (2): 256~65.
Lewis G E, Hunt C W, Sanchez W K, et al. 1996. Effect of direct-fed fibrolytic enzymes on the Australian Pig Science Association. Canberra. 247.
Lewis G E, Sanchez W K, Hunt C W, et al. 1999. Effect of direct-fed fibrolytic enzymes on the lactational performance of dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science , 82: 611~617.
Li, D. F., S. D. Liu, S. Y. Qiao, G. F. Yi, C. Liang and P. Thacker. 1999a. Effect of feeding organic acid with or without enzyme on intestinal microflora, intestinal enzyme activity and performance of weaned pigs. Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci., 12 (3): 331~505.
Linademann, M.D., S. G. Cornelius, S. M. El-Kandelgy, R. L.Moser, and J. E. Pettigrew. 1986. Effect of age, weaning and diet on digestive enzyme levels in the piglet. J. Anim. Sci., 62: 11298~1307.
Linademann, M D, Gentry J L, Monegue H J, et al. 1997. Determination of the contribution of an enzyme combination(Vegpro) to performance in grower-finisher pigs. Proceedings of the 6th Conference of the Australian Pig Science Association. Canberra. 247.
Lunen-TA-van, et al. 1996. Influence of trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase supplementation of wheat and corn based diets on growth performance of pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 76 (2)271~273.
Makkink Caroline A, George puia Negulescu, Qin Guixin, et al. 1994. Effect of dietary protein Source on feed intake, growth, pancreatic enzyme activites and jejunal morphology in newly-weaned piglet. British Journal of Nutrition, 72: 353~368.
Mathlouthi N, Saulnier L, Quemener B, et al. 2002. Xylanase, beta-glucanase, and other side enzymatic activities have greater effects on the viscosity of several feedstuffs than xylanase and beta-gluanase used alone or in combination. Journal Agriculture Food Chemistry, 50 (18): 5121~5127.
McCraken K J, Quintin G. 2000. Metabolisable energy content of diets and broiler performance as affected by wheat specific weight and enzyme supplementation. British Poultry Science, 41 (3): 332~342.
McAllister T A, Oosting S J, Popp J D, et al. 1999. Effect of exogenous enzyme on digestibility of barley silage and growth performance of feedlot cattle. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 79: 353~360.
Meng X, Slominski B A, Guenter W. 2004. The effect of fat type, carbohydrase, and lipase addition on growth performance and nutrient utilization of young broilers fed wheat-based diets. Poultry Science, 83 (10): 1718~1727,
Moughan, P. J. 1996. Recent trends in feed evaluation science for pigs and poultry. Alltech 10th Annual Asia-Pacific Lecture Tour., 119~133.
Noy Y, Sklan D. 1995. Digestion and absorption in the young chick. Poultry Science, 74: 366~373.
Odetallah N H, Wang J J, Garlich J D, et al. 2005. Versazyme supplementation of broiler diets improves market growth performance. Poultry Science, 84 (6):858~864.
Osei S A, Oduro S. 2000. Effect of dietary enzyme on broiler chickens fed diets containing wheat bran. Journal of Animal and Feed Science, 9 (4): 681~686.
Ouhida I, Perez J F, Gasa J, et al. 2000. Enzyme beta-glucanase and arabinoxylanase and /or sepiolite supplementation and nutritive value of maize-barely-wheat based diets for broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 41 (5): 617~624.
Owsley W F, Orr D E, Tribble L P. 1986. Effect of age and diet on the development of the sythesis and secretion of development of the pancreatic enzyme in the youny pig. J. Anim. Sci., 63 :497~504.
Pack M, Bedford M. 1997. Feed enzymes for corn-soybean broiler diets, a new concept to improve nutritional value and economics. AFMA Matrix. Dec. 18~21.
Pack M, Bedford M, Harker A, et al. 1998. Alleviation of corn variability with poultry feed enzymes; Recent programmes in development and production. Finnfeeds International Ltd. Marlborough UK.
P A Iji, Agustin Brenes, et al. 2001. Intestinal development and body growth of broiler chicks on diets supplement with non-starch polysaccharides. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 89 (3~4): 175~188.
Perttila S, Valaja J, Partanen K, et al. 2001. Effect of preservation method and beta-glucanase supplementation on ileal amino acid digestibility and feeding value of barely for poultry. British Poultry Science, 42 (2): 218~29.
Pettersson D, and Aman P. 1988. Effect of enzyme supplementation of diets based on wheat, rye or triticale on their productive value for broiler chickens. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 20: 313~324.
Pettey L A, Carter S D, Senne B W, et al. 2002. Effect of beta-mannanase addition to corn-soybean meal diets on growth performance, carcase traits, and nutrient digestibility of weanling and growing-finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 80(4): 1012~1019.
Pinos-Rodriguez J M, Gonzalez S S, Mendoza G D, et al. 2002. Effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme on ruminal on diet metabolisability and broiler performance. British Poultry Science, 42 (5): 625~632.
Rode L M, Yang W Z, Beauchemin K. A.1999. Fibrolytic enzyme supplements for dairy cows in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, 82: 2121~2126.
Schingoethe D J, Stegeman G A, Treacher R J. 1999. Response of lactating dairy cows to a cellulose and xylanase enzyme mixture applied to forages at the time of feeding. Journal of Dairy Science, 82: 996~1003.
Sheppy C. 2004. 饲用酶制剂市场发展现状与趋势. In:酶制剂在动物营养中得应用. Bedford M. R. 和 Partidge G. G. 主编;中国饲粮工业协会信息中心译. 北京:中国农业科学技术出版社. 1-6.
Stale Refstie, et al. 1999. Nutritent digestibility in Atlantic samon and broiler chickens related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in different soyabean product. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 79 (4):331~345.
Tan S H, Thomas D V, Camden B J, et al. 2000. Improving the nutritive value of full-fat rice bran for broiler chickens using a lipase-based enzyme preparation. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 13 (3): 360~368.
Weichenthal B, Rush I, Van Pelt B. 1996. An enzyme-microbial feed product for finishing steers. In: Nebraska Beef Report. University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska. 68~69.
Wu Y B, Ravindran V, Thomas D G, et al. 2004. Influence of method of whole wheat inclusion and xylanase supplementation on the performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digestive tract measrurements and gut morphology of broilers. British Poultry Science, 84 (6):894~897.
Yang W Z, Beauchemin K A, Rode L M. 1999. Effects of an enzyme feed additive on extent of digestion and milk production of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 82: 391~403.
Yin Y L, Deng Z Y, Huang H L, et al. 2004. The effect of arabinoxylanase and protease supplementation on nutritional value of diets containing wheat bran or rice bran in growing pig. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 13 (3): 445~461.
Zanella I, Sakomura N K, Silversides F G, et al. 1999. Effect of enzyme supplementation of broiler diets based on corn and soybeans. Poultry Science, 78 (4): 561~568.
冯定远,张莹,余石英 等. 2000a. 含有木聚糖酶和 β-葡聚糖酶的酶制剂对猪日粮消化性能的影响[J]. 畜禽业,( 7 ) ,44～45.
冯定远,张莹. 2000b. β-葡聚糖酶和戊聚糖酶等对猪日粮营养物质消化的影响[J]. 动物营养学报,( 2 ) ,31.
高玉红,臧素敏,刘艳琴,等. 复合酶对断奶仔猪生产性能和消化吸收能力的影响研究[J]. 饲料研究,2000( 3 ) :8~10.
韩增祥,李常慧,马双青等. 2003.三种 NSP 酶在舍饲绵羊上应用效果试验[J]. 饲料工业,24( 10 ) :1～3.
黄健,欧秀琼,刘作华 等. 2002. 不同加工方式和酶的添加对大麦日粮养分消化率的影响[J]. 畜禽业,22～23.
贾巍,呙于明,袁建敏. 2004. 蛋公鸡强饲法评估非淀粉多糖酶对肉仔鸡日粮表观代谢能值的作用效果[J]. 中国畜牧杂志,( 1 ) :17～19,23.
季学枫,周明,王颖,等. 配方酶制剂对仔猪生产性能与血浆生理生化的影响[J]. 中国畜牧杂志,2003,23( 4 ) :71～75.
刘强. 1999a. 我国麦类饲料中非淀粉多糖抗营养作用机理的研究:[博士学位论文]. 北京大学生命科学院.
刘强,冯学琴. 1999b. 非淀粉多糖酶制剂的研究与应用进展[J]. 动物营养学报,11( 2 ) :6～11。
刘亚利,刘宁. 1998. 饲用酶制剂生产技术研究及其应用[J]. 畜禽业,8:21～24.
潘宝海. 2002. 扬奇青酶发酵生产饲用 α-半乳糖苷酶的研究. 中国农业大学博士学位论文,97～107.
彭玉麟,呙于明,袁建敏. 2003. 小麦日粮中木聚糖酶和植酸酶对生长和养分消化率的影响[J]. 动物营养学报,( 3 ) :48～52,58.
沈水宝. 2002. 外原酶对仔猪消化系统发育及内源酶活性的影响. 华南农业大学博士论文.
苏兰利等. 2002. 木聚糖在动物营养中的限制作用及木聚糖酶的应用[J].饲料博览,3:4～6.
孙哲. 2000. 小麦可溶性非淀粉多糖对肉仔鸡小肠粘膜二糖酶活性的影响:[硕士学位论文]. 长春:吉林农业大学.
汪儆. 1997. 饲料毒物与抗营养因子研究进展[M]. 西安:西北大学出版社. 汪儆,雷祖玉,应朝阳等. 1996. 戊聚糖酶对小麦、次粉日粮肉仔鸡饲养效果及表观代谢能值的影响[J]. 中国饲料,( 13 ) :14～16.
王勇强. 1996. 肠内黏度对肉鸡生产性能的影响[J]. 禽业科技,12:4～6.
王修启,陈杰,林东康等. 2003a. 皖麦 38 添加木聚糖酶对鸡表观代谢能值和氨基酸表观消化率的影响[J]. 华北农学报,( 1 ) :119～121.
王金全. 2004. 小麦非淀粉多糖的抗营养机理及木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡小麦日粮的应用研究. 中国农业科学院博士学位论文,62～76.
王修启,刑宝松,张兆敏等. 2004a. 小麦基础日粮添加木聚糖酶对肉鸡生长性能的影响[J]. 河南农业科学,( 1 ) :47～49.
王振来. 1997. 高次粉饲粮中添加 GXC 对仔猪生长、消化和胴体组成的影响及其作用机理探讨. 浙江农业大学硕士毕业论文.
闻爱友,胡忠泽,郭亮 等. 2004. 小麦型日粮添加非淀粉多糖对肉猪生长及胴体品质的影响[J]. 粮食与饲料工业,( 4 ) ,40～42.
奚刚,许梓荣,钱利纯等. 1999. 添加外源性酶对猪、鸡内源消化酶活性的影响[J]. 中国兽医学报,19:286～289.
徐建雄,崔立,陈鲁勇 等.2001. 非淀粉多糖对仔猪早期生产性能和消化性能的影响[J]. 动物营养学报,( 3 ) :56～59.
徐建雄,崔立,叶陈梁 等.2003. 玉米-豆粕型日粮添加戊聚糖酶对肉仔鸡生长和氮利用率的影响[J]. 华中农业大学学报,( 5 ) :62～65.
许梓荣,李卫芬,孙建义. 2001. 大麦型日粮中添加非淀粉多糖对仔猪生长和消化性能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧杂志,37 ( 3 ) :23～24.
许梓荣,钱利纯,孙建义. 1999a. 饲粮中添加复合酶制剂对肉鸡生长的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报( 农业与生命科学版 ) ,25 ( 6 ) :615～618.
许梓荣,王敏奇,徐有良. 2002. 大麦型饲粮中添加 GXC 酶对生长育肥猪生长、消化的营养及其机理探讨[J]. 中国粮油学报,17( 1 ) ,6:29～34.
许梓荣,王振来,王敏奇. 1999b. 高麸饲粮中添加复合酶制剂对仔猪血液中几种激素水平的影响[J]. 中国养猪学报,6:36～39.
许梓荣,王振来,王敏奇. 1999c. 饲粮中添加复合酶制剂( GXC ) 对仔猪消化机能的影响[J]. 中国兽医学报,19( 1 ) :84～88.
杨全明. 1999. 猪消化道酶和组织器官生长发育规律的研究:[博士学位论文]. 北京:中国农业大学.
于旭华. 2001. 外源酶对断奶仔猪消化系统酶活的影响[J]. 华南农业大学硕士学位论文.
于旭华.2004. 真菌性和细菌性木聚糖酶对肉鸡生长性能的影响及机理研究[J]. 华南农业大学博士学位论文,32～43.
张丽英,李德发,张克英,等. 饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M]. 第 2版. 北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003( 1 ) :45-145.
张永泰. 1998. 酶制剂在猪饲料中的应用[J]. 饲料工业,19( 12 ) :1～4.
张志群,Marquard R R,Guenter W 等. 1998. 黑麦日粮中添加不同酶制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能及肠道食糜黏度的影响[J]. 中国畜牧杂志,( 1 ) :3~6.
郑黎,余德谦,林映才. 1999. 在玉米-大麦-豆粕型饲粮中添加 不同酶制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能及营养物质表观消化率的影响[J]. 广东畜牧兽医科技,( 4 ) :16～19.
朱宗珂,2004. 玉米-豆粕日粮中添加微生物酶对肉仔鸡生产性能、消化代谢及免疫功能的影响. 西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文,22～30.
Ali P. 1999. The effects of barely instead of corn with and without enzyme for broiler chickens. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 3 (2): 75~91.
Beauchemin K A, Jones S D M, Rode L M, et al. 1997. Effects of fibrolytic enzymes in corn or barley diets on performance and carcase characteristics of feedlot cattle. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 77: 645~653.
Beauchemin K A, Rode L M, Sewalt V J H. 1995. Fibrolytic enzyme increase fiber digestibility and growth rate of steers fed dry forages. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 75: 641~644.
Beauchemin K A, Yang W Z, Rode L M. 1999. Effect of gain source and enzyme additive on site and extent of nutrient digestion in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 82: 378~390.
Bedford M R. 1996. Reduced viscosity of intestinal digesta and enhanced nutrient digestibility in chickens given exogenuous enzymes. Enzymes in Poultry and Swine nutrition. 19~28.
Bedford M R, and Classen H L. 1992. Reduction of intestinal viscosity through manipulation of dietary rye and pentosanase concentration is effected growth rate and food conversion efficiency of broiler chicken. J. Nutri., 122: 560~569.
Boros D, Bedford M R. 1999. Influence of water extract viscosity and exogenous enzymes on nutritive value of rye hybids in broiler diets. Joural of Animal and Feed Sciences, 8 (4): 579~588.
Brown I. 1996. Complex carbohydrates and resistant starch. Nutrition Reviews, 54 (11): S115~S119.
Cera, K. R., D. C. Mahan, R. F. Cross, G. A. Reinhart, and R. E. Whitmoyer. 1988. Effect of age weaning and post weaning diet on small intestinal growth and jejunal morphology in young swine. J. Anim. Sci., 66: 574~584.
Chesson A. 1993. Feed enzyme. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 45: 65~79.
Choct, M. 1995. Non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes increase the performance of broiler chickens fed wheat of low apparent metabolizable energy. J. Nutr., 125: 485~492.
Cranwell P D. 1995. Development of the neonatal gut and enzyme systems. In: The neonatal pig development and suivival ( Edited by M. A. Varley).99~154.
Danicke S, Kucinskas A, Jeroch H. 2001. Feed value and possibilities of feed value improvement of soy products for broiers. Archiv fur Geflugelkunde, 65 (4): 157~167.
De Koning W, van der Wel C. 1996. Effect of inclusion of vegetable protein enzyme in broiler starter diets. Worlds Poultry Congress. New Delhi,India.2~5 Sept., Vol. IV. 250.
Diebold G, Mosenthin R, Piepho H P, et al. 2004. Effect of supplementation of xylanase and phospholipase to a wheat-based diet for weaning pigs on nutrient digestibility and concentrations of microbial metabolites in ildal digesta and feces. Jouranl of Animal Science, 82 (9): 2647~56.
Efird R C, W D Armstrong, L Herman. 1982. The development of digestive Capacity in young pigs effects of weaning regimen and dietary treatment. Journal of Animal Science., 55: 1370~1379.
Eun J S, Beauchemin K A. 2005. Effects of a proteolytic feed enzyme on intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation, and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science, 88 (6): 2140~2153.
Evangelista J N B, Sales B F J, Amarante V. 1998. Use of enzyme in maize-soya diets for pigs. Anaporc 177, 89-97. Fegeros K, Fragou S, Kantas D. 2004. Effect of enzyme supplementation on nutrient digestibility of growing pig dets. Epitheorese Zootehnikes Epistemes, (32): 3~13.
Feng P, Hunt C W, Pritchard G T, et al. 1996. Effect of enzyme preparations on in situ and in vitro degradation and in vivo digestive characteristics of mature cool-season grass forage in beef steer. Journal of Animal Science, 74: 1349~1357.
Finche, G. B., et al. 1986. Cell walls and their components in cereal grain technology. In: Pomeranz, Z. Y. (ed.). Advances in cereal science and technology. Vol Ⅷ, Minnesota, 207.
Gao F, Zhou G H, Han Z K. 2000. Effect of wheat based diet supplemented with enzyme preparations on growth performance and some blood parameters in boiler chickens. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 23 (4): 71~75.
Gill B P, Mellange J, Rooke J A. 2000. Growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility in weaned piglets offered wheat-, bareley-or sugar-beet pulp-based diets supplemented with food enzymes. Journal of Animal Science, 70 (1): 107~118.
Grant, G., P. M. Dorward, W. C. Buchan, J. C. Armour, A. Pusztai. 1995. Consumption of diets containing raw soya beans (Glycine max), kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), Cowpeas (Vignaunguiculata) or lupin seeds (Lupinus angustifolius) by rats for up to 700 days: effects on body composition and organ weights. Br. J. Nutr., 73 (1): 17~29.
Gracia M I, Aranibar M J, Lazaro R, et al. 2003. Alpha-amylase supplementation of broiler diets based on corn. Poultry Science, 82 (3): 436~42.
Hampson, D. J., D. E. Kidder. 1986. Influence of creep feeding and weaning on brush border enzyme activities in the piglet small intestine. Res. Vet. Sci. 40: 24~31.
Hartman, Paul,A.1961. Digestive enzyme development in the young pig. J. Anim. Sci. 20:114~123.
He T,Thacker P A, McLeod J G, et al. 2003. Performance of broiler chicks fed normal and low viscosity rye or barley with or without enzyme supplementation. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 16 (2): 234~238.
Hsu S L, Shih B L. 1999. Effect of dietary cellulose supplementation on growth performance and fibre digestibility in growing and finishing pigs. Journal of Taiwan Livestock Research, 32 (4): 333~342.
Iji P A, Khumalo K, Slippers S, et al. 2003. Intestinal function and body growth of broiler chickens on diets based on maize dried at different temperatures and supplemented with a microbial enzyme. Reproduction and Nutrition Development, 43 ( 1 ) :77～90.
Ikeda, K., and K. Kusano. 1983. In vitro inhibition of digestive enzyme by indigestible polysaccharides. Cereal Chemistry, 60: 260~263.
Inborr J, Ogle R B. 1988. Effect of enzyme treatment of piglet feeds on performance and post-weaning diarrhea. Swde. J. Agric. Res., 18: 129~133.
Jensen, M. S, K Jesen, K Jakogsen. 1997. Development of digestive enzymes in pigs with emphasis on lipolytic activity in the stomach and pancreas. J. Anim. Sci., 75:437~445.
Jozefiak D, Rutkowski A, Fratczak M, et al. 2004. The effect of dietary fiber fractions from different cereals and microbial enzyme supplementation on performance, ileal viscosity and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the caeca of broiler chickens. Journal of Animal and Feed Science, 13 (3):487~496.
Jurkovich V, Brydl E, Rafai P, et al. 2002. Effects of a non-starch polysaccharidase enzyme preparation from Thermomyces lanuginosus on energy and protein metabolism and milk yield of dairy cattle. Acta Vet Hung, 50 (4): 395~411.
Koreleski J, Swiatkiewics S, Hadula E. 2000. Effect of barley grain with different dietary starch and non-starch polysaccharide contents and of enzyme supplements on performance of broiler chickens. Annals of Animal Science Roczniki Naukowe Zootechniki, 27 (3): 161~178.
Krause M, Beauchemin K A, Rode L M, et al. 1998. Fibrolytic enzyme treatment of barley grain and source of forage in high-gain diets fed to growing cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 76: 2912~2920.
Kung O S , Kim I H, Lee S H, et al. 2003. Effect of dietary alpha-1,6-galactosidase and beta-1,4-mammanase on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in nursery and growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 45 (2): 211~218.
Kwon O S, Kim I H, Lee S H, et al. 2003. Effect of dietary alpha-1,6-galactosidase and beta-1,4-mannanase on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in nursery and growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 45 (2): 211~218.
Lazaro R, Garcia M, Aranibar M J, et al. 2003. Effect of enzyme addition to wheat-, barley-and rye-based diets on nutrient digestibility and performance of laying hens. British Poultry Science, 44 (2): 256~65.
Lewis G E, Hunt C W, Sanchez W K, et al. 1996. Effect of direct-fed fibrolytic enzymes on the Australian Pig Science Association. Canberra. 247.
Lewis G E, Sanchez W K, Hunt C W, et al. 1999. Effect of direct-fed fibrolytic enzymes on the lactational performance of dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science , 82: 611~617.
Li, D. F., S. D. Liu, S. Y. Qiao, G. F. Yi, C. Liang and P. Thacker. 1999a. Effect of feeding organic acid with or without enzyme on intestinal microflora, intestinal enzyme activity and performance of weaned pigs. Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci., 12 (3): 331~505.
Linademann, M.D., S. G. Cornelius, S. M. El-Kandelgy, R. L.Moser, and J. E. Pettigrew. 1986. Effect of age, weaning and diet on digestive enzyme levels in the piglet. J. Anim. Sci., 62: 11298~1307.
Linademann, M D, Gentry J L, Monegue H J, et al. 1997. Determination of the contribution of an enzyme combination(Vegpro) to performance in grower-finisher pigs. Proceedings of the 6th Conference of the Australian Pig Science Association. Canberra. 247.
Lunen-TA-van, et al. 1996. Influence of trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase supplementation of wheat and corn based diets on growth performance of pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 76 (2)271~273.
Makkink Caroline A, George puia Negulescu, Qin Guixin, et al. 1994. Effect of dietary protein Source on feed intake, growth, pancreatic enzyme activites and jejunal morphology in newly-weaned piglet. British Journal of Nutrition, 72: 353~368.
Mathlouthi N, Saulnier L, Quemener B, et al. 2002. Xylanase, beta-glucanase, and other side enzymatic activities have greater effects on the viscosity of several feedstuffs than xylanase and beta-gluanase used alone or in combination. Journal Agriculture Food Chemistry, 50 (18): 5121~5127.
McCraken K J, Quintin G. 2000. Metabolisable energy content of diets and broiler performance as affected by wheat specific weight and enzyme supplementation. British Poultry Science, 41 (3): 332~342.
McAllister T A, Oosting S J, Popp J D, et al. 1999. Effect of exogenous enzyme on digestibility of barley silage and growth performance of feedlot cattle. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 79: 353~360.
Meng X, Slominski B A, Guenter W. 2004. The effect of fat type, carbohydrase, and lipase addition on growth performance and nutrient utilization of young broilers fed wheat-based diets. Poultry Science, 83 (10): 1718~1727,
Moughan, P. J. 1996. Recent trends in feed evaluation science for pigs and poultry. Alltech 10th Annual Asia-Pacific Lecture Tour., 119~133.
Noy Y, Sklan D. 1995. Digestion and absorption in the young chick. Poultry Science, 74: 366~373.
Odetallah N H, Wang J J, Garlich J D, et al. 2005. Versazyme supplementation of broiler diets improves market growth performance. Poultry Science, 84 (6):858~864.
Osei S A, Oduro S. 2000. Effect of dietary enzyme on broiler chickens fed diets containing wheat bran. Journal of Animal and Feed Science, 9 (4): 681~686.
Ouhida I, Perez J F, Gasa J, et al. 2000. Enzyme beta-glucanase and arabinoxylanase and /or sepiolite supplementation and nutritive value of maize-barely-wheat based diets for broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 41 (5): 617~624.
Owsley W F, Orr D E, Tribble L P. 1986. Effect of age and diet on the development of the sythesis and secretion of development of the pancreatic enzyme in the youny pig. J. Anim. Sci., 63 :497~504.
Pack M, Bedford M. 1997. Feed enzymes for corn-soybean broiler diets, a new concept to improve nutritional value and economics. AFMA Matrix. Dec. 18~21.
Pack M, Bedford M, Harker A, et al. 1998. Alleviation of corn variability with poultry feed enzymes; Recent programmes in development and production. Finnfeeds International Ltd. Marlborough UK.
P A Iji, Agustin Brenes, et al. 2001. Intestinal development and body growth of broiler chicks on diets supplement with non-starch polysaccharides. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 89 (3~4): 175~188.
Perttila S, Valaja J, Partanen K, et al. 2001. Effect of preservation method and beta-glucanase supplementation on ileal amino acid digestibility and feeding value of barely for poultry. British Poultry Science, 42 (2): 218~29.
Pettersson D, and Aman P. 1988. Effect of enzyme supplementation of diets based on wheat, rye or triticale on their productive value for broiler chickens. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 20: 313~324.
Pettey L A, Carter S D, Senne B W, et al. 2002. Effect of beta-mannanase addition to corn-soybean meal diets on growth performance, carcase traits, and nutrient digestibility of weanling and growing-finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 80(4): 1012~1019.
Pinos-Rodriguez J M, Gonzalez S S, Mendoza G D, et al. 2002. Effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme on ruminal on diet metabolisability and broiler performance. British Poultry Science, 42 (5): 625~632.
Rode L M, Yang W Z, Beauchemin K. A.1999. Fibrolytic enzyme supplements for dairy cows in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, 82: 2121~2126.
Schingoethe D J, Stegeman G A, Treacher R J. 1999. Response of lactating dairy cows to a cellulose and xylanase enzyme mixture applied to forages at the time of feeding. Journal of Dairy Science, 82: 996~1003.
Sheppy C. 2004. 饲用酶制剂市场发展现状与趋势. In:酶制剂在动物营养中得应用. Bedford M. R. 和 Partidge G. G. 主编;中国饲粮工业协会信息中心译. 北京:中国农业科学技术出版社. 1-6.
Stale Refstie, et al. 1999. Nutritent digestibility in Atlantic samon and broiler chickens related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in different soyabean product. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 79 (4):331~345.
Tan S H, Thomas D V, Camden B J, et al. 2000. Improving the nutritive value of full-fat rice bran for broiler chickens using a lipase-based enzyme preparation. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 13 (3): 360~368.
Weichenthal B, Rush I, Van Pelt B. 1996. An enzyme-microbial feed product for finishing steers. In: Nebraska Beef Report. University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska. 68~69.
Wu Y B, Ravindran V, Thomas D G, et al. 2004. Influence of method of whole wheat inclusion and xylanase supplementation on the performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digestive tract measrurements and gut morphology of broilers. British Poultry Science, 84 (6):894~897.
Yang W Z, Beauchemin K A, Rode L M. 1999. Effects of an enzyme feed additive on extent of digestion and milk production of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 82: 391~403.
Yin Y L, Deng Z Y, Huang H L, et al. 2004. The effect of arabinoxylanase and protease supplementation on nutritional value of diets containing wheat bran or rice bran in growing pig. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 13 (3): 445~461.
Zanella I, Sakomura N K, Silversides F G, et al. 1999. Effect of enzyme supplementation of broiler diets based on corn and soybeans. Poultry Science, 78 (4): 561~568.