公路收费亭室内空气品质控制装置研究
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摘要
随着我国经济建设的发展,汽车拥有量的不断增加,汽车尾气对环境的影响越来越严重。公路收费亭由于其所处的特殊位置和条件,造成亭内环境品质较为恶劣,收费亭室内工作人员的健康也受到严重危害。因此研发改善亭内空气品质、创造舒适、健康的工作环境以提高人员工作效率,同时也具备节能特点的收费亭室内空气品质控制装置具有重要意义。
本文在对收费亭内外污染物进行分析,明确污染物分布及扩散规律的基础上,结合新兴的个性化送风空调技术,成功研究开发了一套公路收费亭室内空气品质控制装置,该装置可向亭内输送净化新风,同时新风送风温度、送风角度、送风风量等均可灵活调节控制。本文进一步对控制装置的运行参数进行了实验检测研究,通过对蓄能水箱容量合理性测试、新风各参数测试等实验数据的总结分析,证明该装置性能完全满足改善室内空气品质的基本要求。将控制装置安装到实际的公路收费亭内,运行测试结果表明,装置除可依据使用者喜好向人员呼吸区输送清洁、舒适的新风外,还可通过输送新风使收费亭内保持一微正压环境,进而对常开收费窗口处室外侧的污染物起到了抑制的作用。
研究结果表明,公路收费亭室内空气品质控制装置在温度控制、湿度控制、新风量控制、舒适程度、使用性能等方面均能达到设计要求,能够对公路收费亭室内空气品质进行有效的调控,改善了收费亭内工作人员的工作环境。
With the developing of the economy, the number of car in our country is becoming more and more. Therefore, automobile off-gas has a lot of negative effect on the environment. The environment near the tollbooth becomes more serious. The health of the staff in the tollbooth is seriously endangered. To improve air quality、establishing comfort and health environment indoor to improving the work efficiency,
we excogitate the indoor air quality controlling equipment of tollbooth, with it, at the same time, we can save energy in using and control air quality in tollbooth.
In this paper, we have successful excogitated the device, which on the base that we have not only analyzed the pollution around of the tollbooth, but also know about the rule of distributing and diffusing of the pollution. Besides that personal ventilation technology have used in the equipment, with which fresh air can be sent to the tollbooth. During the action, not only the temperature of the air, but also the amount of fresh air and the angle of sending it can be adjusted freely. We have studied the equipment farther more, such as the testing that whether the accumulator is reasonable for the water in it and parameter of the fresh air is according with design etc. With the data of test, we can give a conclusion that the equipment achieved the aim improving the indoor air quality completely. We set the equipment in the tollbooth testing the effect result, from this we can give a conclusion that the equipment can not transporting fresh air setting up comfortable environment according with user and also keeping the tollbooth in the state which the air pressure in the tollbooth is a little higher than it out of tollbooth. In this state, the pollution out of the tollbooth can be prevented from entering from the window.
The results show that the indoor air quality controlling device in the highway tollbooth can satisfy the design requirements on the temperature control, humidity control, the volume of fresh air control, the comfort of air supply and so on. It can effectively control the indoor air quality and improve the working environment of the staff.
本文在对收费亭内外污染物进行分析,明确污染物分布及扩散规律的基础上,结合新兴的个性化送风空调技术,成功研究开发了一套公路收费亭室内空气品质控制装置,该装置可向亭内输送净化新风,同时新风送风温度、送风角度、送风风量等均可灵活调节控制。本文进一步对控制装置的运行参数进行了实验检测研究,通过对蓄能水箱容量合理性测试、新风各参数测试等实验数据的总结分析,证明该装置性能完全满足改善室内空气品质的基本要求。将控制装置安装到实际的公路收费亭内,运行测试结果表明,装置除可依据使用者喜好向人员呼吸区输送清洁、舒适的新风外,还可通过输送新风使收费亭内保持一微正压环境,进而对常开收费窗口处室外侧的污染物起到了抑制的作用。
研究结果表明,公路收费亭室内空气品质控制装置在温度控制、湿度控制、新风量控制、舒适程度、使用性能等方面均能达到设计要求,能够对公路收费亭室内空气品质进行有效的调控,改善了收费亭内工作人员的工作环境。
With the developing of the economy, the number of car in our country is becoming more and more. Therefore, automobile off-gas has a lot of negative effect on the environment. The environment near the tollbooth becomes more serious. The health of the staff in the tollbooth is seriously endangered. To improve air quality、establishing comfort and health environment indoor to improving the work efficiency,
we excogitate the indoor air quality controlling equipment of tollbooth, with it, at the same time, we can save energy in using and control air quality in tollbooth.
In this paper, we have successful excogitated the device, which on the base that we have not only analyzed the pollution around of the tollbooth, but also know about the rule of distributing and diffusing of the pollution. Besides that personal ventilation technology have used in the equipment, with which fresh air can be sent to the tollbooth. During the action, not only the temperature of the air, but also the amount of fresh air and the angle of sending it can be adjusted freely. We have studied the equipment farther more, such as the testing that whether the accumulator is reasonable for the water in it and parameter of the fresh air is according with design etc. With the data of test, we can give a conclusion that the equipment achieved the aim improving the indoor air quality completely. We set the equipment in the tollbooth testing the effect result, from this we can give a conclusion that the equipment can not transporting fresh air setting up comfortable environment according with user and also keeping the tollbooth in the state which the air pressure in the tollbooth is a little higher than it out of tollbooth. In this state, the pollution out of the tollbooth can be prevented from entering from the window.
The results show that the indoor air quality controlling device in the highway tollbooth can satisfy the design requirements on the temperature control, humidity control, the volume of fresh air control, the comfort of air supply and so on. It can effectively control the indoor air quality and improve the working environment of the staff.
引文
[1]沈晋明.我国目前室内空气品质改善的对策与措施.暖通空调,2002(2):34-37
[2]肖智毅.室内空气质量与人体健康效应.现代预防医学.2007(14)
[3]沈晋明.室内污染物与空气品质评价.通风除尘,1995,(4):10-13。
[4]傅忠成.厨房及室内空气品质评价的标准和方法[J].煤气与热力,2001,11(6):
[5]贾衡,冯义.人与建筑环境.北京:北京工业大学出版社,2001
[6]郭新民,张朋军,宋文静.室内空气污染及控制[J].环境保护科学,1994,20(3)38-41
[7](英)D.A.麦金太尔:室内气候,上海科学出版社,1988
[8]EPA .Energy Cost and IAQ Performance of Ventilation System and Controls(Project Report 6)[R]. USA:EPA,2000.4-11 414-416
[9]Vardoulakis S, Fisher B E A et .Modeling air quality in street canyons: a Review. Atmos. Environ., 2003,37(1):155-182
[10]Yocom J E.Indoor air quality relationship.J OF APCA ,1982,32(5):500-520
[11]Jones A P .Indoor air quality and health. Atmos. Envir., 1999,33(27):4535-4564
[12]Andersen I.Relationship between outdoor and indoor air pollution.Atmos. Enviorn.,1972, 6 (3):275-278
[13]CEN .Ventilation for buildings: design criteria for the indoor environment. Brussels, European Committee for Standardization (CR 1752),1998
[14]谢绍东,张远航,唐孝炎.我国城市地区机动车污染现状与趋势.环境科学研究,2000,13(4):22-25,38
[15]谢绍东,周中平,郝吉明.汽车排放污染物浓度的预测.中国环境科学,1995,15(5):373-377
[16]张学梅,刘庆罕,宋巍等.大气中细颗粒物 PM2.5 和 PM10 对人体健康的影响.中国医学理论与实践,2002(2):935-937
[17]魏子栋.TiO2 光催化氧化研究进展 .化学通报,2001,2:76-77
[18]薛殿华.空气调节.北京:清华大学出版社,1991
[20]马最良,姚杨编.民用建筑空调设计.北京:化学工业出版社.2003. 7.1
[21]ASHRAE Standard 62-1999.Ventilation for acceptable indoor airquality. Atlanta, GA, American Society of Heating ,Refrigerating and Air2Conditioning Engineers ,1999.
[22]M.Sandbery, M.siobery. The use of moments for assessing air quality in ventilated rooms. Building and Environment. 1983,18(4):181-197.
[23]Fanger P O. Thermal comfort: analysis and applications in environmental engineering. Copenhagen, Danish Technical Press,1970.
[24]ASHRAE Standard 5521992. Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy. Atlanta, GA , American Society of Heating ,Refrigerating and Air2Conditioning Engineers ,1992.
[25]International Organization for Standardization. Moderate thermal environments - determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort . Geneva ( EN ISO Standard 7730) ,1993.
[26]Andersson N H, Frisk P , Lêfstedt B , et al. Human responses to dry , humidified and intermittently humidified air in large office buildings. G?vle , Swedish Building Research (D11) , 1975.
[27]Krogstad A L, Swanbeck G, Barreg?rd L , et al. Besv?r vid kontorsarbete med olika temperaturer i arbetslokalen – en prospektiv , undersêkning [ A prospective study of indoor climate problems at different temperatures in offices ] . Gêteborg , Volvo Truck Corp , 1991
[28]范存养.大空间建筑空调设计及工程实录.中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[29]白玮.《影响生产率的要素——室内环境品质》.暖通空调. 1999,2
[30] Fang L, Clausen G,Fanqer P O. Temperature and humidity important factors for perception of air quality and for ventilation requirements[J] .ASHRAE Transactions,2000,106(Part A):503-510.
[31]Fang L, Clausen G, Fanger P O. Impact of temperature and humidity on perception of indoor air quality during immediate and longer whole-body exposures. Indoor Air, 1998(8):276-284
[32]Melikov A K, Cemak R, Mayer M. Personalized Ventilation: Evaluation of Different Air Terminal [J].Energy and Buildings 2002,34(8):828-836
[33]Toftum J, Zhou G, Melikov A. Effect of Air-Flow Direction on Human Perception of Draught [A].Proceedings of CLIMA 2000 Brussels [C]. Session 1,1997
[34]端木琳.工位送风微环境的评价[J].暖通空调,2004,34(12):7-9
[35]廖正元,黄春彦.可吸入颗粒物及其危害.化学教育,2004,4:1-2
[36]戴海夏.大气PM2.5的健康影响,国外分册.2004,10(4):299-303
[37] Mahdavi A, Unzeitig U. Occupancy Implications of Spatial, Indoor-Environmental, and Organizational Features of Office Spaces [J]. Building and Environ2ment, 2005, 40 (1):113 - 123.
[38] Clements D C, Kaluarachchi Y. An Assessment of the Influence of the Indoor Environment on the Productivity of Occupants in Offices [C] / / the International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate. Edin2 burgh: Blackwell Publishing, 1999: 588 - 593.
[39] Ye X J, Lu H L, Dong L, et al. Thermal Comfort and Air Quality in Passenger Rail Car [J]. International Journal of Ventilation, 2004, 3 (2):183 - 191.
[40] Sensharma N P, Woods J E, Goodwin A K. Relation2 ship s Between the Indoor Environment and Productivity: A L iterature Review [J]. ASHRAE Transactions, 1998, 104 (1) : 686 - 700
[2]肖智毅.室内空气质量与人体健康效应.现代预防医学.2007(14)
[3]沈晋明.室内污染物与空气品质评价.通风除尘,1995,(4):10-13。
[4]傅忠成.厨房及室内空气品质评价的标准和方法[J].煤气与热力,2001,11(6):
[5]贾衡,冯义.人与建筑环境.北京:北京工业大学出版社,2001
[6]郭新民,张朋军,宋文静.室内空气污染及控制[J].环境保护科学,1994,20(3)38-41
[7](英)D.A.麦金太尔:室内气候,上海科学出版社,1988
[8]EPA .Energy Cost and IAQ Performance of Ventilation System and Controls(Project Report 6)[R]. USA:EPA,2000.4-11 414-416
[9]Vardoulakis S, Fisher B E A et .Modeling air quality in street canyons: a Review. Atmos. Environ., 2003,37(1):155-182
[10]Yocom J E.Indoor air quality relationship.J OF APCA ,1982,32(5):500-520
[11]Jones A P .Indoor air quality and health. Atmos. Envir., 1999,33(27):4535-4564
[12]Andersen I.Relationship between outdoor and indoor air pollution.Atmos. Enviorn.,1972, 6 (3):275-278
[13]CEN .Ventilation for buildings: design criteria for the indoor environment. Brussels, European Committee for Standardization (CR 1752),1998
[14]谢绍东,张远航,唐孝炎.我国城市地区机动车污染现状与趋势.环境科学研究,2000,13(4):22-25,38
[15]谢绍东,周中平,郝吉明.汽车排放污染物浓度的预测.中国环境科学,1995,15(5):373-377
[16]张学梅,刘庆罕,宋巍等.大气中细颗粒物 PM2.5 和 PM10 对人体健康的影响.中国医学理论与实践,2002(2):935-937
[17]魏子栋.TiO2 光催化氧化研究进展 .化学通报,2001,2:76-77
[18]薛殿华.空气调节.北京:清华大学出版社,1991
[20]马最良,姚杨编.民用建筑空调设计.北京:化学工业出版社.2003. 7.1
[21]ASHRAE Standard 62-1999.Ventilation for acceptable indoor airquality. Atlanta, GA, American Society of Heating ,Refrigerating and Air2Conditioning Engineers ,1999.
[22]M.Sandbery, M.siobery. The use of moments for assessing air quality in ventilated rooms. Building and Environment. 1983,18(4):181-197.
[23]Fanger P O. Thermal comfort: analysis and applications in environmental engineering. Copenhagen, Danish Technical Press,1970.
[24]ASHRAE Standard 5521992. Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy. Atlanta, GA , American Society of Heating ,Refrigerating and Air2Conditioning Engineers ,1992.
[25]International Organization for Standardization. Moderate thermal environments - determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort . Geneva ( EN ISO Standard 7730) ,1993.
[26]Andersson N H, Frisk P , Lêfstedt B , et al. Human responses to dry , humidified and intermittently humidified air in large office buildings. G?vle , Swedish Building Research (D11) , 1975.
[27]Krogstad A L, Swanbeck G, Barreg?rd L , et al. Besv?r vid kontorsarbete med olika temperaturer i arbetslokalen – en prospektiv , undersêkning [ A prospective study of indoor climate problems at different temperatures in offices ] . Gêteborg , Volvo Truck Corp , 1991
[28]范存养.大空间建筑空调设计及工程实录.中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[29]白玮.《影响生产率的要素——室内环境品质》.暖通空调. 1999,2
[30] Fang L, Clausen G,Fanqer P O. Temperature and humidity important factors for perception of air quality and for ventilation requirements[J] .ASHRAE Transactions,2000,106(Part A):503-510.
[31]Fang L, Clausen G, Fanger P O. Impact of temperature and humidity on perception of indoor air quality during immediate and longer whole-body exposures. Indoor Air, 1998(8):276-284
[32]Melikov A K, Cemak R, Mayer M. Personalized Ventilation: Evaluation of Different Air Terminal [J].Energy and Buildings 2002,34(8):828-836
[33]Toftum J, Zhou G, Melikov A. Effect of Air-Flow Direction on Human Perception of Draught [A].Proceedings of CLIMA 2000 Brussels [C]. Session 1,1997
[34]端木琳.工位送风微环境的评价[J].暖通空调,2004,34(12):7-9
[35]廖正元,黄春彦.可吸入颗粒物及其危害.化学教育,2004,4:1-2
[36]戴海夏.大气PM2.5的健康影响,国外分册.2004,10(4):299-303
[37] Mahdavi A, Unzeitig U. Occupancy Implications of Spatial, Indoor-Environmental, and Organizational Features of Office Spaces [J]. Building and Environ2ment, 2005, 40 (1):113 - 123.
[38] Clements D C, Kaluarachchi Y. An Assessment of the Influence of the Indoor Environment on the Productivity of Occupants in Offices [C] / / the International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate. Edin2 burgh: Blackwell Publishing, 1999: 588 - 593.
[39] Ye X J, Lu H L, Dong L, et al. Thermal Comfort and Air Quality in Passenger Rail Car [J]. International Journal of Ventilation, 2004, 3 (2):183 - 191.
[40] Sensharma N P, Woods J E, Goodwin A K. Relation2 ship s Between the Indoor Environment and Productivity: A L iterature Review [J]. ASHRAE Transactions, 1998, 104 (1) : 686 - 700