石门国家森林公园植物群落特征及物种多样性研究
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摘要
石门国家森林公园位于“广州后花园”的从化市,近年来该公园已成为当地居民及周边地区游客旅游的理想之选。调查清楚该地区的植被资源及景观资源对森林公园的持续发展及保护具有重要意义。
本文以石门国家森林公园的典型群落为调查对象,综合Hierarchichial cluster、多元方差分析等多元统计分析方法,围绕环境梯度的变化与植被数量特征的响应和相互关系,进行了植物群落分类、植物群落分析、群落物种多样性、群落分布与环境因子的关系等植物群落特征及多样性的研究,得出以下主要结论:
(1)在所调查的区域内共记录有105科220属512种。其中蕨类植物有24科32属73种;裸子植物有5科5属7种;被子植物有76科183个属432种。
(2)运用spss的聚类分析对30个样方的优势种进行分类,将30个样方分为12个植物群落,分别为:华润楠+黄杞.广东毛蕊茶群落、深山含笑+华润楠一华丽杜鹃群落、米槠+鹅掌楸.细齿叶柃群落、红花荷+华润楠一网脉山龙眼群落、华润楠+罗浮柿-鼠刺群落、华润楠+鹅掌楸.罗浮柿群落、华润楠+枫香.鹅掌楸群落、马尾松+华润楠群落一鼠刺群落、浙江润楠+短序润楠-鼠刺群落、薄叶润楠+网脉山龙眼-厚皮香群落、杉木群落、桉树群落,其中9个群落为南亚热带阔叶林,2个群落为人工林,1个群落为针阔混交林。
(3)12个植物群落的乔木层中天然次生林的物种丰富度、物种多样性指数均明显高于人工林。对12个植物群落乔木层物种进行多样性比较发现:Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度指数(Jsw)变化趋势大体一致。华润楠+黄杞-广东毛蕊茶群落、米槠+鹅掌楸-细齿叶柃群落、深山含笑+华润楠-华丽杜鹃群落、红花荷+华润楠-网脉山龙眼群落的三个物种多样性指数均为最高。不同群落下木层I的物种多样性变化复杂,未体现出一定的规律。下木层II的物种多样性以华润楠+罗浮柿-鼠刺群落、华润楠+鹅掌楸.罗浮柿群落、华润楠+枫香-鹅掌楸群落为最高。以杉木群落的下木层II的物种多样性为最低。
(4)对不同植物群落的乔木层、下木层I、下木层II和草本层的物种多样性进行比较得出:Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数显示下木层I的物种多样性为最高,普遍高于下木层II、乔木层及草本层;而均匀度指数显示下木层I>下木层II>草本层>乔木层。
(5)海拔对物种多样性影响的总体趋势是,随着海拔的升高物种丰富度与多样性指数逐渐升高直至1000m处达到最大值,此后迅速下降。这是由于受到山顶风大、温度低等因素影响,物种多样性偏低。
(6)将30个样地按调查数据显示进行坡向划分,并进行物种多样性比较,得出阴坡>半阴半阳坡>阳坡。
The Shimen National Forest Park is located at "Guangzhou back garden" Conghua, this park has become the ideal tourist attraction in recent years for the local resident and the peripheral locality tourists. It is important to investigate the vegetation resources and the scenic resources for the forest park sustainable development and the protection. Selecting the classical forest community of Shimen National Forest Park as subject,revolving around the mutual responds and relationships between the environmental gradient and vegetation characteristics, this paper carries on the research on the vegetation classification, community diversity, the connection between community distribution and environmental factors, by multivatiate statistics such as hierarchical cluster, multivariate analysis. The main conclusions this paper comes to are as follows:
(1) There are 512 species belonging to 105 families 220 genera in which the pteridophyte accounted for 24 families 32 genera and 73 species; the gymnosperm 5 families 5 genera and 7 species; the angiosperm accoounted for 76 families 183 genera 432 species.
(2) Classfying the dominant species in 30 plots into 12 vegetation communities with spss hierarchical analysis. The 12 vegetation communities are: Machilus chinensis+Engelhardtia roxburghiana-Camellia melliana community, Michelia maudiae+Machilus chinensis -Rhododendron farrerae community, Castanopsis carlesii+Liriodendron chinense-Eurya nitida community, Rhodoleia championi+Machilus chinensis-Helicia reticulate community, Machilus chinensis+Diospyros morrisiana-Itea chinensis community , Machilus chinensis+ Liriodendron chinense- Diospyros morrisiana community, Machilus chinensis+ Liquidambar formosana- Liriodendron chinense community, Pinus massoniana+ Machilus chinensis– Itea chinensis community, Machilus chekiangensis+Machilus breviflora-Itea chinensis community, Machilus leptophylla+Helicia reticulate-Ternstroemia gymnanthera community, Cunninghamia lanceolata community and Eucalyptus urophylla community
(3) The arborous layer species abundance, species diversity of 9 natural broad-leaved forests communities are higher than the planted forests. The arborous layer species diversity among 12 vegetation community shows: Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index, evennessindex are roughly consistent, besides slightly different. The three indices of Engelhardtia roxburghiana community, Michelia maudiae+Machilus chinensis -Rhododendron farrerae community, Castanopsis carlesii+Liriodendron chinense-Eurya nitida community, Rhodoleia championi+Machilus chinensis-Helicia reticulate community are the highest. Species diversity of Undergrowth layer I among 12 vegetation communities are different ,they have not manifested certain rules. Species diversity of undergrowth layer II among different vegetation communities show: Machilus chinensis+Diospyros morrisiana-Itea chinensis community, Machilus chinensis+ Liriodendron chinense- Diospyros morrisiana community, Machilus chinensis+ Liquidambar formosana- Liriodendron chinense community have the highest species diversiy. The species diversity of Cunninghamia lanceolata community is lowest.
(4) Carrying on the comparison to different community levels among arborous layer ,undergrowth layer I and II, herb layer, which shows: simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index of undergrowth layer I is the highest ,it is higer than undergrowth layer II arborous layer and herb layer obviously.White ,the evenness index shows: undergrowth layer I > undergrowth layer II > herb layer>arborous layer.
(5) The influences that the altitude to the species diversity is not remarkable, but the overall tendency is species abundance, species diversity grow gradually until 1000 meter. After that the species diversity drop rapidly.
(6) Dividing slope types according to the recording data and carrying on the species diversity comparison, we can obtain: shady slope>half-shady slope>sunny slope.
本文以石门国家森林公园的典型群落为调查对象,综合Hierarchichial cluster、多元方差分析等多元统计分析方法,围绕环境梯度的变化与植被数量特征的响应和相互关系,进行了植物群落分类、植物群落分析、群落物种多样性、群落分布与环境因子的关系等植物群落特征及多样性的研究,得出以下主要结论:
(1)在所调查的区域内共记录有105科220属512种。其中蕨类植物有24科32属73种;裸子植物有5科5属7种;被子植物有76科183个属432种。
(2)运用spss的聚类分析对30个样方的优势种进行分类,将30个样方分为12个植物群落,分别为:华润楠+黄杞.广东毛蕊茶群落、深山含笑+华润楠一华丽杜鹃群落、米槠+鹅掌楸.细齿叶柃群落、红花荷+华润楠一网脉山龙眼群落、华润楠+罗浮柿-鼠刺群落、华润楠+鹅掌楸.罗浮柿群落、华润楠+枫香.鹅掌楸群落、马尾松+华润楠群落一鼠刺群落、浙江润楠+短序润楠-鼠刺群落、薄叶润楠+网脉山龙眼-厚皮香群落、杉木群落、桉树群落,其中9个群落为南亚热带阔叶林,2个群落为人工林,1个群落为针阔混交林。
(3)12个植物群落的乔木层中天然次生林的物种丰富度、物种多样性指数均明显高于人工林。对12个植物群落乔木层物种进行多样性比较发现:Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度指数(Jsw)变化趋势大体一致。华润楠+黄杞-广东毛蕊茶群落、米槠+鹅掌楸-细齿叶柃群落、深山含笑+华润楠-华丽杜鹃群落、红花荷+华润楠-网脉山龙眼群落的三个物种多样性指数均为最高。不同群落下木层I的物种多样性变化复杂,未体现出一定的规律。下木层II的物种多样性以华润楠+罗浮柿-鼠刺群落、华润楠+鹅掌楸.罗浮柿群落、华润楠+枫香-鹅掌楸群落为最高。以杉木群落的下木层II的物种多样性为最低。
(4)对不同植物群落的乔木层、下木层I、下木层II和草本层的物种多样性进行比较得出:Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数显示下木层I的物种多样性为最高,普遍高于下木层II、乔木层及草本层;而均匀度指数显示下木层I>下木层II>草本层>乔木层。
(5)海拔对物种多样性影响的总体趋势是,随着海拔的升高物种丰富度与多样性指数逐渐升高直至1000m处达到最大值,此后迅速下降。这是由于受到山顶风大、温度低等因素影响,物种多样性偏低。
(6)将30个样地按调查数据显示进行坡向划分,并进行物种多样性比较,得出阴坡>半阴半阳坡>阳坡。
The Shimen National Forest Park is located at "Guangzhou back garden" Conghua, this park has become the ideal tourist attraction in recent years for the local resident and the peripheral locality tourists. It is important to investigate the vegetation resources and the scenic resources for the forest park sustainable development and the protection. Selecting the classical forest community of Shimen National Forest Park as subject,revolving around the mutual responds and relationships between the environmental gradient and vegetation characteristics, this paper carries on the research on the vegetation classification, community diversity, the connection between community distribution and environmental factors, by multivatiate statistics such as hierarchical cluster, multivariate analysis. The main conclusions this paper comes to are as follows:
(1) There are 512 species belonging to 105 families 220 genera in which the pteridophyte accounted for 24 families 32 genera and 73 species; the gymnosperm 5 families 5 genera and 7 species; the angiosperm accoounted for 76 families 183 genera 432 species.
(2) Classfying the dominant species in 30 plots into 12 vegetation communities with spss hierarchical analysis. The 12 vegetation communities are: Machilus chinensis+Engelhardtia roxburghiana-Camellia melliana community, Michelia maudiae+Machilus chinensis -Rhododendron farrerae community, Castanopsis carlesii+Liriodendron chinense-Eurya nitida community, Rhodoleia championi+Machilus chinensis-Helicia reticulate community, Machilus chinensis+Diospyros morrisiana-Itea chinensis community , Machilus chinensis+ Liriodendron chinense- Diospyros morrisiana community, Machilus chinensis+ Liquidambar formosana- Liriodendron chinense community, Pinus massoniana+ Machilus chinensis– Itea chinensis community, Machilus chekiangensis+Machilus breviflora-Itea chinensis community, Machilus leptophylla+Helicia reticulate-Ternstroemia gymnanthera community, Cunninghamia lanceolata community and Eucalyptus urophylla community
(3) The arborous layer species abundance, species diversity of 9 natural broad-leaved forests communities are higher than the planted forests. The arborous layer species diversity among 12 vegetation community shows: Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index, evennessindex are roughly consistent, besides slightly different. The three indices of Engelhardtia roxburghiana community, Michelia maudiae+Machilus chinensis -Rhododendron farrerae community, Castanopsis carlesii+Liriodendron chinense-Eurya nitida community, Rhodoleia championi+Machilus chinensis-Helicia reticulate community are the highest. Species diversity of Undergrowth layer I among 12 vegetation communities are different ,they have not manifested certain rules. Species diversity of undergrowth layer II among different vegetation communities show: Machilus chinensis+Diospyros morrisiana-Itea chinensis community, Machilus chinensis+ Liriodendron chinense- Diospyros morrisiana community, Machilus chinensis+ Liquidambar formosana- Liriodendron chinense community have the highest species diversiy. The species diversity of Cunninghamia lanceolata community is lowest.
(4) Carrying on the comparison to different community levels among arborous layer ,undergrowth layer I and II, herb layer, which shows: simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index of undergrowth layer I is the highest ,it is higer than undergrowth layer II arborous layer and herb layer obviously.White ,the evenness index shows: undergrowth layer I > undergrowth layer II > herb layer>arborous layer.
(5) The influences that the altitude to the species diversity is not remarkable, but the overall tendency is species abundance, species diversity grow gradually until 1000 meter. After that the species diversity drop rapidly.
(6) Dividing slope types according to the recording data and carrying on the species diversity comparison, we can obtain: shady slope>half-shady slope>sunny slope.
引文
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