桂林市市民游泳锻炼现状调查
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摘要
游泳运动以其悠久的历史以及广泛的实用性成为人们喜闻乐见的锻炼方式,被誉为21世纪最受人们喜爱的运动项目。游泳运动的普适性强,易于推广,与《全民健身计划纲要》倡导的大众健身的精神相契合,适合于不同年龄人群的锻炼需求。掌握了游泳技能,就能防止溺水死亡事故,进一步可以有效防止人们的精神损失和物质损失。随着北京奥运会的临近,全国上下掀起了全民健身的高潮,《全民健身计划纲要》颁布实施十周年纪念活动更体现了人们对于群众性运动的推崇。趁着这股东风,桂林市全民健身工程也开展得如火如荼,市民游泳锻炼呈现出一片生机勃勃的景象,成为桂林市代表性的群众性运动。
本文以桂林市参加游泳锻炼的市民为研究对象,运用了文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、实地观察法、数理统计法等方法,通过多个指标对桂林市游泳运动的开展现状进行了研究,从系统的角度对各个要素进行分析。采用抽样的调查方式对在桂林市游泳馆、漓江各段、及市内自然水域进行游泳锻炼的市民进行问卷调查。
调查结果显示:1、由于男女生理特性的差异,参与游泳锻炼的男性比女性多,这与笔者预期设想一致。男性占57%,女性占43%。2、桂林市游泳锻炼市民年龄结构基本呈“两头小中间大”的趋势。这可将其归类为理想的体育人口的年龄结构,并且呈现出与性别特征及年龄分布相匹配的特点。3、桂林市参与游泳锻炼的市民的职业结构具有以下特征:①学生群体超过20%,青少年健身意识加强。②公务员、专业技术人员、科教工作者及企业管理人员这四类人群所占比例为31%,这说明游泳运动倍受脑力工作者的青睐。③退休、下岗等无业人员所占比例16%。4、按照人口结构学评价人口文化结构水平标准来考察桂林市参与游泳锻炼市民的文化结构,桂林市参与游泳锻炼市民的文化结构为高水平结构。5、高收入群体对于游泳锻炼的投入也属于高层次。低消费水平游泳锻炼者有可能向高层次消费水平分化。6、游泳爱好者选择的锻炼时间与其职业密切相关。7、通过对每周锻炼次数及每次锻炼时间的调查,我们初步判断在这部分人中已经有至少63%的人符合体育人口评价的标准。8、桂林市游泳馆以其规范的管理和良好的环境,以及良好的互动氛围成为游泳爱好者的首选场地,漓江位列其次,自然水域排第三,小区游泳池的选中率最低。9、蛙泳技术为大多市民所掌握,爬泳、仰泳、蝶泳分列二、三、四位。掌握两种以上泳姿的爱好者也达到了218人次,说明了桂林市民对于游泳技术的掌握有多元化趋势。
游泳爱好者对于游泳运动效用的认同是促使其坚持游泳锻炼的主要因素。桂林市游泳锻炼的市民主要是通过朋友间互相讨论、收看电视转播和体育新闻等对游泳运动进行关注。他们把影响自己参加游泳锻炼的因素更多的归结于外界因素。“水质差”是最大的影响因素。因此,大多数市民认为各游泳场所最需要做的是“保证水质健康”。
通过对抽样人群的调查,笔者了解到,桂林市民对于《全民健身计划纲要》的理解程度和接受程度普遍较高。桂林市居民对体育的健身价值给予了较高的评价,同时随着大健康、大体育观念的深入人心,人们对体育在心理、社交等方面的功能也有了新的认识。通过调查,笔者了解到,“在学校期间对体育的爱好”是影响桂林市民进行体育锻炼的主要因素,因此说明学校体育对于人们终身体育形成的重要性。
国家法规及政策的支持是桂林市群众游泳蓬勃发展的根本保证,市政府对全民健身发展方向的宏观调控是桂林市群众游泳运动长盛不衰的动力源泉,群众体育相关职能部门的有效管理是桂林市群众性游泳顺利开展的切实保障,游泳体育社会组织的良性运转是桂林市群众游泳发展壮大的根基。当然,我们也发现了桂林市群众性游泳运动开展过程中的不足,如:室内游泳场馆欠缺有效开发利用、社会体育指导员数量匮乏、游泳相关制度执行力度不够等。
本文提出了以下建议:以奥运年为契机,确定桂林市群众游泳发展主线,因时因地制宜;确定民间游泳组织的合法地位,辅助桂林市游泳运动又好又快的发展;有效开发和利用游泳馆资源,合理分流游泳人群;加强群体职能部门效能建设,重视游泳相关法规的宣传。以此为基础,笔者得出以下结论:以桂林市国际旅游城市为背景,以浓厚的文化底蕴为依托,通过政府的行政干预以及群众自发行为的促进,桂林市全民健身各个项目无论弱势或是强势都会得到良好的发展。我们相信,经过若干年的有序发展,桂林市全民健身市场必然呈现出欣欣向荣的局面。
Swimming with a long history and extensive practical training to become loved by the people, known as the 21st century's most popular sport. The universality of swimming is strong, it is easy to spread, and the "National Fitness Program" initiated by the general public in keeping the spirit of fitness, suitable for different age groups tempering demand. Mastered swimming skills, we will be able to prevent drowning deaths, can be effective in preventing further people's spiritual and material losses.With the Beijing Olympic Games approaching, the whole country set off the climax of the popular fitness, "National Fitness Program," the 10th anniversary of the promulgation of the more shows that the mass movement for the people of admiration.Shareholders taking advantage of this wind, Guilin has launched the National Fitness Project is in full swing, and the masses of swimming exercise emerged a vibrant scene, and a representative of the masses of Guilin campaign.
In this paper, Guilin swimming exercise to the crowd as the research object, using literature data, the survey, expert interviews, field observation, mathematical statistics and so on, through a number of indicators of the masses of Guilin in the swimming status a study from the perspective of the various system elements for analysis.Sample survey methods used in Guilin Natatorium, the Lijiang River, the natural waters and the city swimming enthusiasts swimming exercise conducted a questionnaire survey.
Survey results showed that:1, physiological characteristics due to the differences between men and women to participate in swimming exercise more men than women, and I expect the same idea. Men accounted for 57 percent, women accounted for 43 percent.2, Guilin swimming exercise basic population age structure were "Both ends small centre is big" trend. This can be classified as an ideal sports population age structure, and showing a gender and age distribution characteristics matching characteristics.3, Guilin to participate in swimming exercise the occupational structure of the crowd have the following characteristics: more than 20% of students groups, youth fitness awareness strengthen. Civil servants, professional and technical personnel, science, education workers and business management personnel of these four groups for the proportion of 31 percent, the swimming much Naoligongzuozhe of all ages. Retirement, such as laid-off and unemployed persons accounted for 16%.4, in accordance with the evaluation of the demographic structure of the population and cultural standards to the level of participation in swimming exercise Guilin inspection of the cultural structure of the population, population Guilin to participate in swim training for the high-level structure of the cultural structure.5, and high-income groups to swim for exercise but also to the high-level inputs. Low consumption level of swimming exercise, it would be possible to high-level consumption level of differentiation.6, swimming enthusiasts choose the training time is closely related to his occupation.7, through weekly training exercise frequency and time of each survey, we in the preliminary judgement of these people have at least 63 percent of the population in line with the criteria for evaluation sports.8, Guilin Natatorium with standardized management and a good environment, as well as a good interactive atmosphere of the first venues swimming enthusiasts, Lijiang ranked second, and third natural waters, swimming Gan district elections was the lowest.9, breaststroke technology mastered by most members of the public,freestlye, backstroke, butterfly points out two, three, four. Master two or more funding Beach lovers also reached 218 people showed that the public swimming Guilin control of a diversified technology trends.
For swimming enthusiasts swim effectiveness of the campaign is to promote recognition of his adherence to swim the main factors tempering.Guilin swimming exercise mainly through mutual discussion between friends, watching television and sports news dissemination such as swimming for concern.They affect their swimming exercise more factors attributed to external factors."Poor water quality" is the biggest factor.Therefore, the majority of the public believes that the best place to swim needs to be done is "guaranteed quality health."
Based on the sample population survey, the author learned that the public Guilin "National Fitness Program" understanding of and acceptance of universal higher.
Guilin residents on the value of sport to a higher fitness assessment at the same time as the health of the people the concept of sports, sports people in the psychological, social and other aspects of the function of a new awareness. Through investigation, the authors understand that "in the school during the sports-loving" are members of the public to exercise Guilin major factor in the school sports for people to form and the importance of lifelong sports.
State regulations and policies with the support of the masses in Guilin swimming flourishing development of a fundamental guarantee,City National Fitness on the development direction of macroeconomic regulation and control is swimming in Guilin masses of the people have power source.Sports-related functions of the departments effective management of the swimming Guilin smooth the effective protection.Swimming sports society organizations operating benign masses swimming Guilin is the development and strengthening of the foundation.
Of course, we also found that the masses of Guilin Campaign swimming in the process of inadequate,Such as indoor swimming pool lack of effective development and utilization of scarce number of community sports instructors, swimming implementation of the relevant systems and inadequate.
This paper presents the following recommendations: Olympic year as an opportunity to determine the masses of Guilin swimming motif of development, because, according to local conditions; Nongovernmental organizations determine the legal status of swimming, auxiliary Guilin swimming yet fast development; Effective development and use of swimming pool resources, a reasonable crowd streaming swimming;Groups functional departments to strengthen efficiency and attention organs and regulations on beaches.On this basis, I come to the following conclusions:To the international tourist city of Guilin as the background and strong support for the cultural heritage. Government through administrative intervention and the spontaneous behavior of the promotion, Guilin National Fitness various items into whether weak or strong will be a good development.We believe that after a few years of orderly development, Guilin National Fitness necessarily showing a thriving market situation.
本文以桂林市参加游泳锻炼的市民为研究对象,运用了文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、实地观察法、数理统计法等方法,通过多个指标对桂林市游泳运动的开展现状进行了研究,从系统的角度对各个要素进行分析。采用抽样的调查方式对在桂林市游泳馆、漓江各段、及市内自然水域进行游泳锻炼的市民进行问卷调查。
调查结果显示:1、由于男女生理特性的差异,参与游泳锻炼的男性比女性多,这与笔者预期设想一致。男性占57%,女性占43%。2、桂林市游泳锻炼市民年龄结构基本呈“两头小中间大”的趋势。这可将其归类为理想的体育人口的年龄结构,并且呈现出与性别特征及年龄分布相匹配的特点。3、桂林市参与游泳锻炼的市民的职业结构具有以下特征:①学生群体超过20%,青少年健身意识加强。②公务员、专业技术人员、科教工作者及企业管理人员这四类人群所占比例为31%,这说明游泳运动倍受脑力工作者的青睐。③退休、下岗等无业人员所占比例16%。4、按照人口结构学评价人口文化结构水平标准来考察桂林市参与游泳锻炼市民的文化结构,桂林市参与游泳锻炼市民的文化结构为高水平结构。5、高收入群体对于游泳锻炼的投入也属于高层次。低消费水平游泳锻炼者有可能向高层次消费水平分化。6、游泳爱好者选择的锻炼时间与其职业密切相关。7、通过对每周锻炼次数及每次锻炼时间的调查,我们初步判断在这部分人中已经有至少63%的人符合体育人口评价的标准。8、桂林市游泳馆以其规范的管理和良好的环境,以及良好的互动氛围成为游泳爱好者的首选场地,漓江位列其次,自然水域排第三,小区游泳池的选中率最低。9、蛙泳技术为大多市民所掌握,爬泳、仰泳、蝶泳分列二、三、四位。掌握两种以上泳姿的爱好者也达到了218人次,说明了桂林市民对于游泳技术的掌握有多元化趋势。
游泳爱好者对于游泳运动效用的认同是促使其坚持游泳锻炼的主要因素。桂林市游泳锻炼的市民主要是通过朋友间互相讨论、收看电视转播和体育新闻等对游泳运动进行关注。他们把影响自己参加游泳锻炼的因素更多的归结于外界因素。“水质差”是最大的影响因素。因此,大多数市民认为各游泳场所最需要做的是“保证水质健康”。
通过对抽样人群的调查,笔者了解到,桂林市民对于《全民健身计划纲要》的理解程度和接受程度普遍较高。桂林市居民对体育的健身价值给予了较高的评价,同时随着大健康、大体育观念的深入人心,人们对体育在心理、社交等方面的功能也有了新的认识。通过调查,笔者了解到,“在学校期间对体育的爱好”是影响桂林市民进行体育锻炼的主要因素,因此说明学校体育对于人们终身体育形成的重要性。
国家法规及政策的支持是桂林市群众游泳蓬勃发展的根本保证,市政府对全民健身发展方向的宏观调控是桂林市群众游泳运动长盛不衰的动力源泉,群众体育相关职能部门的有效管理是桂林市群众性游泳顺利开展的切实保障,游泳体育社会组织的良性运转是桂林市群众游泳发展壮大的根基。当然,我们也发现了桂林市群众性游泳运动开展过程中的不足,如:室内游泳场馆欠缺有效开发利用、社会体育指导员数量匮乏、游泳相关制度执行力度不够等。
本文提出了以下建议:以奥运年为契机,确定桂林市群众游泳发展主线,因时因地制宜;确定民间游泳组织的合法地位,辅助桂林市游泳运动又好又快的发展;有效开发和利用游泳馆资源,合理分流游泳人群;加强群体职能部门效能建设,重视游泳相关法规的宣传。以此为基础,笔者得出以下结论:以桂林市国际旅游城市为背景,以浓厚的文化底蕴为依托,通过政府的行政干预以及群众自发行为的促进,桂林市全民健身各个项目无论弱势或是强势都会得到良好的发展。我们相信,经过若干年的有序发展,桂林市全民健身市场必然呈现出欣欣向荣的局面。
Swimming with a long history and extensive practical training to become loved by the people, known as the 21st century's most popular sport. The universality of swimming is strong, it is easy to spread, and the "National Fitness Program" initiated by the general public in keeping the spirit of fitness, suitable for different age groups tempering demand. Mastered swimming skills, we will be able to prevent drowning deaths, can be effective in preventing further people's spiritual and material losses.With the Beijing Olympic Games approaching, the whole country set off the climax of the popular fitness, "National Fitness Program," the 10th anniversary of the promulgation of the more shows that the mass movement for the people of admiration.Shareholders taking advantage of this wind, Guilin has launched the National Fitness Project is in full swing, and the masses of swimming exercise emerged a vibrant scene, and a representative of the masses of Guilin campaign.
In this paper, Guilin swimming exercise to the crowd as the research object, using literature data, the survey, expert interviews, field observation, mathematical statistics and so on, through a number of indicators of the masses of Guilin in the swimming status a study from the perspective of the various system elements for analysis.Sample survey methods used in Guilin Natatorium, the Lijiang River, the natural waters and the city swimming enthusiasts swimming exercise conducted a questionnaire survey.
Survey results showed that:1, physiological characteristics due to the differences between men and women to participate in swimming exercise more men than women, and I expect the same idea. Men accounted for 57 percent, women accounted for 43 percent.2, Guilin swimming exercise basic population age structure were "Both ends small centre is big" trend. This can be classified as an ideal sports population age structure, and showing a gender and age distribution characteristics matching characteristics.3, Guilin to participate in swimming exercise the occupational structure of the crowd have the following characteristics: more than 20% of students groups, youth fitness awareness strengthen. Civil servants, professional and technical personnel, science, education workers and business management personnel of these four groups for the proportion of 31 percent, the swimming much Naoligongzuozhe of all ages. Retirement, such as laid-off and unemployed persons accounted for 16%.4, in accordance with the evaluation of the demographic structure of the population and cultural standards to the level of participation in swimming exercise Guilin inspection of the cultural structure of the population, population Guilin to participate in swim training for the high-level structure of the cultural structure.5, and high-income groups to swim for exercise but also to the high-level inputs. Low consumption level of swimming exercise, it would be possible to high-level consumption level of differentiation.6, swimming enthusiasts choose the training time is closely related to his occupation.7, through weekly training exercise frequency and time of each survey, we in the preliminary judgement of these people have at least 63 percent of the population in line with the criteria for evaluation sports.8, Guilin Natatorium with standardized management and a good environment, as well as a good interactive atmosphere of the first venues swimming enthusiasts, Lijiang ranked second, and third natural waters, swimming Gan district elections was the lowest.9, breaststroke technology mastered by most members of the public,freestlye, backstroke, butterfly points out two, three, four. Master two or more funding Beach lovers also reached 218 people showed that the public swimming Guilin control of a diversified technology trends.
For swimming enthusiasts swim effectiveness of the campaign is to promote recognition of his adherence to swim the main factors tempering.Guilin swimming exercise mainly through mutual discussion between friends, watching television and sports news dissemination such as swimming for concern.They affect their swimming exercise more factors attributed to external factors."Poor water quality" is the biggest factor.Therefore, the majority of the public believes that the best place to swim needs to be done is "guaranteed quality health."
Based on the sample population survey, the author learned that the public Guilin "National Fitness Program" understanding of and acceptance of universal higher.
Guilin residents on the value of sport to a higher fitness assessment at the same time as the health of the people the concept of sports, sports people in the psychological, social and other aspects of the function of a new awareness. Through investigation, the authors understand that "in the school during the sports-loving" are members of the public to exercise Guilin major factor in the school sports for people to form and the importance of lifelong sports.
State regulations and policies with the support of the masses in Guilin swimming flourishing development of a fundamental guarantee,City National Fitness on the development direction of macroeconomic regulation and control is swimming in Guilin masses of the people have power source.Sports-related functions of the departments effective management of the swimming Guilin smooth the effective protection.Swimming sports society organizations operating benign masses swimming Guilin is the development and strengthening of the foundation.
Of course, we also found that the masses of Guilin Campaign swimming in the process of inadequate,Such as indoor swimming pool lack of effective development and utilization of scarce number of community sports instructors, swimming implementation of the relevant systems and inadequate.
This paper presents the following recommendations: Olympic year as an opportunity to determine the masses of Guilin swimming motif of development, because, according to local conditions; Nongovernmental organizations determine the legal status of swimming, auxiliary Guilin swimming yet fast development; Effective development and use of swimming pool resources, a reasonable crowd streaming swimming;Groups functional departments to strengthen efficiency and attention organs and regulations on beaches.On this basis, I come to the following conclusions:To the international tourist city of Guilin as the background and strong support for the cultural heritage. Government through administrative intervention and the spontaneous behavior of the promotion, Guilin National Fitness various items into whether weak or strong will be a good development.We believe that after a few years of orderly development, Guilin National Fitness necessarily showing a thriving market situation.
引文
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