大伙房水库对河流生态系统服务功能影响评价研究
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摘要
水库作为人类调蓄洪水、提供用水、获取能源的有效工具已经在世界范围内得到广泛应用。随着科技的进步和人类认识水平的提高,人们不仅注重水库的经济效益,也逐渐发现水库建设带来的一系列的生态环境问题。西方发达国家的关于建坝拆坝的利弊之争在中国也引起了广泛的关注。然而根据我国的国情,水库工程建设仍将继续,为使已建、在建和拟建的水库工程降低生态危害,走可持续发展道路,就要充分考虑到水库工程的负面效应及其环境资源价值,因此对已建水库工程进行影响评价及寻找生态补偿措施研究具有重要意义。
本研究以大伙房水库为研究区,将河流生态系统服务功能与水库建设对河流生态系统的影响相结合,研究水库对河流生态系统服务功能的影响。主要研究内容和成果如下:
(1)根据大伙房水库工程对河流生态系统服务功能影响的特点和基础数据资料的可收集性,以2007年为评价基准年,建立了评价内容体系,评估了大伙房水库对河流生态系统服务功能的6项正面影响和3项负面影响。结果表明,水库供水和调蓄洪水是大伙房水库的主要功能,年功能价值分别为460.697×10~6元和300.000×10~6元;水力发电、水库养殖、减少有害气体排放、库区旅游也是大伙房水库的重要功能;6项正面影响的年功能价值为796.551×10~6元。水库泥沙淤积是大伙房水库的主要负面影响,年损失值为198.661×10~6元;水库淹没也是不容忽视的负面影响;3项负面影响的年损失值为286.911×10~6元。
(2)应用生态足迹的思想方法,计算大伙房水库生态供给足迹和生态需求足迹,结果表明:水库供水和调蓄洪水是大伙房水库的主要功能,它们的生态供给足迹分别为80.4037×10~4hm~2和75.9173×10~4 hm~2;而水库泥沙淤积是大伙房水库的主要负面影响,水库泥沙淤积生态需求足迹为143316.432hm~2。大伙房水库4项生态供给足迹总计为1575620.92 hm~2,3项生态需求足迹总结为166264.652 hm~2。
(3)提出大伙房水库的生态补偿措施,归纳总结出大伙房水库对河流生态系统影响的生态补偿操作流程图和补偿网路图,为河流生态补偿研究提供一定的参考依据。
The reservoir has been an effective tool which is widely used around the world, by flood storage, providing water and accessing energy for human being. With the advancement of technology and the level of human understanding, the people don’t only focus on the economic benefits of the reservoir and dam construction ,but also gradually find that a series of eco-environmental problems. Western developed countries dispute between the pros and cons of down and on the dams, which have also aroused extensive attention in China. However, according to China's national condition, the reservoir construction projects will continue to carry on, in order to reduce the ecological hazards of the reservoirs, including the ones have been built, the ones are building, and the ones are planning to build, to achieve sustainable development, which should fully take into account the negative effects of the reservoir projects and the value of environmental resources, so it is very significant to carry out impact assessments and to find ecological compensation measure researches for the reservoirs which have been built on.
The paper takes Dahuofang Reservoirs in Fushun as the study area, combining the river ecosystem service functions with the impacts of reservoir construction on the river ecosystem, studies the impacts of Dahuofang Reservoir on the river ecosystem service functions. The major contents and research results are as follows:
(1)In accordance with the affective characteristics of Dahuofang Reservoir work on the river ecosystem service functions and the collections of the basis of data, takes 2007 as the evaluation-base year, establishes the evaluation system, and assesses the impacts of Dahuofang Reservoir on the river ecosystem service functions, including six positive impacts and three negative impacts. The results show that providing water and flood storage are the main functions of Dahuofang Reservoir, whose respective functional value of the year is 460.697×10~6 yuan and 300.000×10~6 yuan, and hydropower, reservoir farms, reducing harmful gas emissions and tourism of the reservoir area are also important functions of Dahuofang Reservoir. The total of the six positive impacts’functional value of the year is796.551×10~6 yuan. Sedimentation accumulation is a major negative impact of Dahuofang Reservoir, whose loss value of the year is 198.661×10~6 yuan. Reservoir inundation is also negative impact that can not be ignored, and the total of the three negative impacts’function value of the year is 286.911×10~6 yuan.
(2)Applies the thoughtway of ecological footprint, to calculate supply and requirement of ecological footprint of Dahuofang Reservoir, and the results show that providing water and flood storage are the main functions of Dahuofang Reservoir, whose respective ecological supply footprint are 80.4037×10~4 hm~2and 75.9173×10~4 hm~2, and sedimentation accumulation is a major negative impact of Dahuofang Reservoir whose requirement of ecological footprint is 143316.432 hm~2. The total of the four ecological supply footprint is 1575620.92 hm~2, and the total of the three requirement of ecological footprint 166264.652 hm~2.
(3) Put forward the ecological compensation measures of Dahuofang Reservoir , and conclude an operation flow chart of ecological compensation and an compensation network chart of Dahuofang Reservoir on the river ecosystem affected, all of which can provide references for ecological compensation studies of the rivers.
本研究以大伙房水库为研究区,将河流生态系统服务功能与水库建设对河流生态系统的影响相结合,研究水库对河流生态系统服务功能的影响。主要研究内容和成果如下:
(1)根据大伙房水库工程对河流生态系统服务功能影响的特点和基础数据资料的可收集性,以2007年为评价基准年,建立了评价内容体系,评估了大伙房水库对河流生态系统服务功能的6项正面影响和3项负面影响。结果表明,水库供水和调蓄洪水是大伙房水库的主要功能,年功能价值分别为460.697×10~6元和300.000×10~6元;水力发电、水库养殖、减少有害气体排放、库区旅游也是大伙房水库的重要功能;6项正面影响的年功能价值为796.551×10~6元。水库泥沙淤积是大伙房水库的主要负面影响,年损失值为198.661×10~6元;水库淹没也是不容忽视的负面影响;3项负面影响的年损失值为286.911×10~6元。
(2)应用生态足迹的思想方法,计算大伙房水库生态供给足迹和生态需求足迹,结果表明:水库供水和调蓄洪水是大伙房水库的主要功能,它们的生态供给足迹分别为80.4037×10~4hm~2和75.9173×10~4 hm~2;而水库泥沙淤积是大伙房水库的主要负面影响,水库泥沙淤积生态需求足迹为143316.432hm~2。大伙房水库4项生态供给足迹总计为1575620.92 hm~2,3项生态需求足迹总结为166264.652 hm~2。
(3)提出大伙房水库的生态补偿措施,归纳总结出大伙房水库对河流生态系统影响的生态补偿操作流程图和补偿网路图,为河流生态补偿研究提供一定的参考依据。
The reservoir has been an effective tool which is widely used around the world, by flood storage, providing water and accessing energy for human being. With the advancement of technology and the level of human understanding, the people don’t only focus on the economic benefits of the reservoir and dam construction ,but also gradually find that a series of eco-environmental problems. Western developed countries dispute between the pros and cons of down and on the dams, which have also aroused extensive attention in China. However, according to China's national condition, the reservoir construction projects will continue to carry on, in order to reduce the ecological hazards of the reservoirs, including the ones have been built, the ones are building, and the ones are planning to build, to achieve sustainable development, which should fully take into account the negative effects of the reservoir projects and the value of environmental resources, so it is very significant to carry out impact assessments and to find ecological compensation measure researches for the reservoirs which have been built on.
The paper takes Dahuofang Reservoirs in Fushun as the study area, combining the river ecosystem service functions with the impacts of reservoir construction on the river ecosystem, studies the impacts of Dahuofang Reservoir on the river ecosystem service functions. The major contents and research results are as follows:
(1)In accordance with the affective characteristics of Dahuofang Reservoir work on the river ecosystem service functions and the collections of the basis of data, takes 2007 as the evaluation-base year, establishes the evaluation system, and assesses the impacts of Dahuofang Reservoir on the river ecosystem service functions, including six positive impacts and three negative impacts. The results show that providing water and flood storage are the main functions of Dahuofang Reservoir, whose respective functional value of the year is 460.697×10~6 yuan and 300.000×10~6 yuan, and hydropower, reservoir farms, reducing harmful gas emissions and tourism of the reservoir area are also important functions of Dahuofang Reservoir. The total of the six positive impacts’functional value of the year is796.551×10~6 yuan. Sedimentation accumulation is a major negative impact of Dahuofang Reservoir, whose loss value of the year is 198.661×10~6 yuan. Reservoir inundation is also negative impact that can not be ignored, and the total of the three negative impacts’function value of the year is 286.911×10~6 yuan.
(2)Applies the thoughtway of ecological footprint, to calculate supply and requirement of ecological footprint of Dahuofang Reservoir, and the results show that providing water and flood storage are the main functions of Dahuofang Reservoir, whose respective ecological supply footprint are 80.4037×10~4 hm~2and 75.9173×10~4 hm~2, and sedimentation accumulation is a major negative impact of Dahuofang Reservoir whose requirement of ecological footprint is 143316.432 hm~2. The total of the four ecological supply footprint is 1575620.92 hm~2, and the total of the three requirement of ecological footprint 166264.652 hm~2.
(3) Put forward the ecological compensation measures of Dahuofang Reservoir , and conclude an operation flow chart of ecological compensation and an compensation network chart of Dahuofang Reservoir on the river ecosystem affected, all of which can provide references for ecological compensation studies of the rivers.
引文
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[5]鲁春霞,谢高地,成生魁等.水利工程对河流生态系统服务功能的影响评价方法初探[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(5):803-807.
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